突觸形成 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tūchùxíngchéng]
突觸形成
英文
synaptogenesis-
A model of how glia around an axon sense neuronal activity and then communicate to other glia residing at the axon ' s synapse was coming together
有關圍繞軸突的神經膠細胞如何知道神經活性、然後告訴其他軸突突觸神經膠細胞的理論，在逐漸成形。Each type of hormone secretory cells is adjusted directly by the nerve fibre in the pituitary. the nerve secretory fibre can be divided into types of a1, a2 and b. the nerve fibre forms synaptic or indirect links with special harmone secretory cells
根據其軸突內分泌顆粒的大小和形狀，鯰神經分泌纖維可區分為a _ 1 、 a _ 2 、和b三種類型，不同類型的神經分泌纖維分別與特定激素分泌細胞形成突觸聯系或其他間接聯系形式。Once the axon makes contact with the tectal neuron ' s dendritic arbor, a synapse forms between them and, voil, the two neurons that fire together are wired together
一旦軸突連上了頂蓋神經元的樹突分枝，就會在其間形成突觸，哇啦，同時激發的神經元就串連在一起了。Making memories seems like a difficult proposition given that our synapses are constantly in action
因為我們的神經突觸經常處于活躍的狀態，形成記憶似乎成了一件困難的事情。Fos + / th + / gfap + and fos + / vp + / gfap + triple labeled n - asc could be found in the mvz, pvn and son respectively ; ( 2 ) under electronic microscope, the astrocytic processes connected closely with the dendrites or axons of the neurons, where the bilateral membranes became thick. we call transiently it electron - dense areas ( edas ). the number of edas increased remarkably following hyperosmotic stimulation ; ( 3 ) when trace retrogradely, wga - hrp was microinjected into the unilateral son, pvn or nucleus of solitary tract ( nts ) respectively using the stereotaxic method, the n - ascs formed by the neurons triple - labeled with hrp / fos / th ( or vp ) and astrocytes labeled with gfap could be found in the mvz, son and pvn respectively ; ( 4 ) after being treated with heperosmotic nacl solution, intracellular calcium concentration in cultured hypothamic neurons and astrocytes increased and then decreased
腦內gfap陽性結構也明顯增多，其分佈與fos陽性細胞分佈基本一致，表現為胞體肥大、突起粗長； ast緊密包繞在神經元周圍形成神經元- ast復合體（ n - asc ） ；在mvz 、 pvn和son三重免疫組化染色切片上可見到fos + th + gfap +第四軍醫大學博士學位論文和fos vp gfap三重標記asc ； （ 2 ）免疫電鏡下son內星型膠質細胞突起與神經元樹突或軸突之間接觸部位出現增厚的膜結構一電于緻密區（ edas ） ，高滲刺激后數量明顯增多： （ 3 ）將們個mp注入大鼠一側n卜、卜卜或孤束核（ ws ） ，分別在延髓內臟帶（ mvz ） 、 so和pvn內出現fos hrp th 、 fos hrp八p三重標記神經元和gfap陽性標記ast形成的n asc ； （ 4 ）高滲刺激使培養神經元和ast內鈣水平先升高后降低，最後維持在比高滲刺激前稍高的靜息鈣水平上。Subject covers all major areas of cellular and molecular neurobiology including excitable cells and membranes, ion channels and receptors, synaptic transmission, cell type determination, axon guidance and targeting, neuronal cell biology, synapse formation and plasticity
本學科涵蓋了細胞分子神經生物學的所有主要領域，包括興奮細胞和細胞膜、離子通道和受體、突觸傳遞、細胞類型決定、軸突導向和定位、神經元細胞生物學、突觸形成和可塑性。Just as importantly, the resulting nerve cells were able to conduct electrical impulses and could form the specialised junctions called synapses, by means of which nerve cells talk to each other
同樣重要的發現是，最終得到的神經細胞可以傳導電沖動並能形成神經突觸（細胞交流的平臺） 。Glia influence the formation of synapses and help to determine which neural connections get stronger or weaker over time ; such changes are essential to learning and to storing long - term memories
神經膠細胞會影響突觸的形成，也會幫助決定神經連結隨時間而增強或減弱，這種變化是學習與儲存長期記憶所必需的。Topics include : neural induction and pattern formation, cell lineage and fate determination, neuronal migration, axon guidance, synapse formation and stabilization, activity - dependent development and critical periods, development of behavior
主題包括：神經誘導和模式形成，細胞譜系和細胞命運確定，神經元遷移，軸突引導，突觸的形成和穩定性，依賴性活動的發育和危險期，行為的發育。This article is divided into five parts totally, explaining the special relationship between palestine and jordan from the aspect of economy, military and population etc. in the fist part, origin of jordanian - palestinian relations is been discussed ; in the second part, i expatiate upon the development of the jordanian - palestinian relations from 1967 to the late of 1970s, and generalize that the character in this period is cooperation and conflict ; some important history events are expounded in the third part, such as the camp david agreement, the lebanon war, the reagan plan, the jordanian - plo agreement and the palestinian intifada. at the same time, the conclusion can be drawn that the relationship between the plo and the jordanian government was characterized by instability, mutual mistrust, caution and rivalry ; in the fourth part, after the end of the cold war, both jordan and plo adopted practical policies, and then the relationship of equal colleague has become the main trend ; in the last part, i summar ize the predominant factors which influence the relationship between jordan and palestine and give history outlook to the future jordanian - palestinian relations
第一部分，重點闡述約巴特殊關系形成的歷史淵源；第二部分，採用對比的手法，通過對1967年70年代末約旦與巴解組織之間關系演變的歷史考察，深刻揭示出在這一時期約巴關系的特點是短暫合作和長久沖突；第三部分，通過對戴維營協議、黎巴嫩戰爭、里根方案、約巴協議聯合行動方案、巴勒斯坦大起義等重大歷史事件分析，闡釋約巴關系親密接觸和悲歡離合的內在原因，推論出80年代的約巴關系具有不穩定、不信任、謹慎、競爭甚至反復等特點；第四部分，冷戰結束后，政治解決地區沖突已成為地區局勢發展中的一股主流，約巴雙方都採取了新的務實政策，平等友好關系是約巴關系發展的主流；第五部分，這是全文的落腳點，總結制約和影響約巴關系主導因素，並且展望未來。A decade later these structured synapses formed by immune cells are still generating questions : about how cellular machinery or other forces produce the synaptic architecture, how the architecture, in turn, might regulate cell - to - cell communication, how its malfunction could lead to disease, and even how pathogens might exploit the mechanism to their own advantage
時間過了10年，這種由免疫細胞所形成、結構分明的突觸，仍然不斷帶來新的疑問，例如：是什麼樣的細胞機制或其他力量，造就了這些突觸的構造，而這些構造又是如何調節細胞與細胞之間的溝通；突觸構造的病變將如何引發疾病；還有病原體是否可能利用這種突觸機制，來達成自己的目的等。Also, transplanted neural cells had formed synapses to communicate with each other and ultimately the striatum, the portion of the brain dopaminergic cells act on to control moement
同樣，移植的神經細胞已經形成突觸以同其他的神經細胞交流，最終同紋狀體傳遞信號，紋狀體是大腦多巴胺能細胞作用的部分並且控制運動。Also, transplanted neural cells had formed synapses to communicate with each other and ultimately the striatum, the portion of the brain dopaminergic cells act on to control movement
同樣，移植的神經細胞已經形成突觸以同其他的神經細胞交流，最終同紋狀體傳遞信號，紋狀體是大腦多巴胺能細胞作用的部分並且控制運動。This kind of mutation may be not only induced by dna damage but also through the epigenetic pathway other than the nuclear origin including the activation of various signal transduction pathways and altered expressions of many genes
這種突變除了可能由dna損傷途徑觸發外，也有可能通過非核起源的外遺傳（ epigenetic ）途徑，激活細胞信號轉導通路，引起一系列基因表達的改變而最終導致突變的形成。This kind of mutation may be not only being triggered by the signals originated from dna damage, but also by the signals of extra - nuclear origin through the epigenetic pathway including the activation of various signal transduction pathways and alterations of gene expressions
這種突變除了可能由dna損傷觸發的途徑外，已證明還有非核起源的信號觸發的外遺傳（ epigenetic ）途徑介入，激活細胞信號轉導通路，引起一系列基因表達的改變而最終導致突變的形成。The results indicate that nogo - a expressed in neuron may have function ( s ) in addition to the neurite growth inhibitory activity, and nogo - a may play a role in the course of neuronal differentiation such as neurite growth and synapse formation
以上結果提示nogo a在神經元中具有不同於抑制作用的其他功能，可能參與神經元突起生長、突觸形成等分化過程。If gien late, when plaque is already established, it could cause it to break up, triggering blood essel blockages and heart attacks
如果使用晚了，這時斑塊已經形成，雌激素會使斑塊破裂，觸發血管阻塞和心臟病突發事件。The results suggest that visual experience has a facilitating effect on morphological differentiation of bipolar cells, and early mature bipolar cells could provide light dependent signals to guide synaptic connections of ganglion cells in the inner retina
本篇結果證明了視覺經驗可促進雙極細胞的形態發育，並可進而推論早期成熟的雙極細胞提供了光傳入視網膜的訊號，再進一步去影響內層視網膜中神經節細胞在發育過程中的突觸連結。But how about the morphological feature and the relationship between the pv - li and other neurons in the second - / third - order relay nuclei. what the synaptic connection between the pv - li and the neurons projecting to the thalamus. it is well known that glutamate ( glu ) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian cns
但是二、第四軍醫大學碩士學位論文三級中繼核團內pv樣陽性神經元的形態學特徵及pv樣陽性結構與其它神經元、纖維和終末的聯系究竟如何，它們與向丘腦投射的神經元形成怎樣的突觸聯系都是值得探討的問題These include inflammatory stimulation by interaction of alpha - synuclein with microglia and astrocytes and a suppressive action by nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs on dopamine quinone formation
這包括阿爾法-突觸核蛋白與小膠質細胞和星形膠質細胞相互作用產生的炎癥性刺激，以及非甾體類抗炎藥對多巴醌形成的抑制作用。分享友人