立法例 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [lìfǎlì]
立法例
英文
instance of legislation-
The injurer not only injures the body, health and life of the injured, but also hurts the spirits of the injured by conducting the injury intentionally or negligently. it consults advanced experience that legislate abroad at the same time propose about perfecting of our country spiritual damages compensation several point of system legislate to be proposed
文章重點結合最高人民法院《關于確定民事侵權精神損害賠償責任若干問題的解釋》 ，闡述了精神損害賠償的范圍，研究了精神損害賠償金額確定的原則和計算方法，參考國外立法例以及我國現行精神損害賠償制度存在的不足之處，提出了關于完善我國精神損害賠償制度的幾點立法建議。Furthermore, it analyzed the conflict in terms of the change of movable real right in the two systems and the effect of explanation and deploitation in terms of inscape of improper benefiting, scope of application and the effect of correcting the benefit imbalance which is caused by improper benefiting towards the system of non - reason of real right, and opened out the intrinsic relations between he system of non - reason of real right and the system of improper benefiting. the fourth part of the paper mainly analyzed our legislation pattern of real right alteration and the attitude towards non - reason of real right action in the field of civil law, and set forth the aim and existing obstacles in transplanting real right action and non - reason theory, and then pointed out, from the judge of theory, there are some factors of real right action in our exiting civil legislation and the biggest obstacle for transplanting the theory lies in the matter of cognition
關於物權行為無因性制度與不當得利制度的比較，主要分析了物權行為無因性在給付不當得利的構成要件、適用范圍等方面的解釋和開拓作用，以及不當得利制度對於物權行為無因性制度所引起的利益失衡的平衡作用，指出物權行為無因性與不當得利之間存在著某種內在聯系，在不承認物權行為無因性原則的立法例中，不當得利請求權處于輔助地位，在適用中多受限制；在以物權行為無因性原則為特徵的立法例中，不當得利制度在理論上具有圓通性，在實務上功能突出，成為救濟物權行為無因性所導致的利益失衡狀態的有效措施。Through a research into the legislative cases and historical develpment of the adult wardship system, and a reflection upon social reality and present conditions of legislation, i think that an innovative reconstruction for adult wardship system should be performed at the point of the drawing up of the civil codes, and that contents of this system should be specifically designed
通過對成年人監護制度的立法例和歷史發展考察，並結合我國的社會現實和立法現狀，我們應該利用民法典起草之契機對我國成年人監護制度進行變革性的重構，並對其內容作一些具體的設計。A reasonable and suitable legal legislation system to our country will be seeked for in the article that deals with bankrupt estate concept, nature and the prerequisite specially compares with legal system on the bankrupt estate in the western countries
文章通過論述破產財產的概念、性質及其構成要價，特別是對西方國家相關的破產立法例進行比較，尋求一種合理的、適合我國的破產財產立法體制。Serve as guardian the system is an important civil case law system, were establish by present all countries lawmaking. our country currently the provision concerning guardianship, mainly be seen in 《 the civil law general rule 》 and 《 an opinion of the civil law general rule medium. because at that time period social conditional influence of the lawmaking technique and particular histories, to serve as guardian provision too principle, general, operation function bad, and with actuality life of need become disjointed. but therein, again with to the body of the nonage and the protection, direct of the property is lord, but neglect the importance of become adult the guardianship, went with with present social activities not should. the our country serves as guardian the system existent many blemishs, the scholars already have the more treatise, and put forward the very perfect suggestion, the here no longer gives unnecessary details. this text only to the our country serves as guardian the system in was always neglect of concerning adult of guardianship make on elaborate, crave for the concern that can cause the educational circles
我國監護制度存在的諸多缺陷，學者們已有較多論述，並提出了非常完善的建議，這里不再贅述。本文僅對我國監護制度中一直被忽視的有關成年人的監護作一闡述，希冀能夠引起學界的關注。本文選取近年來對成年監護制度作重大修改的法國、德國、日本為立法例，首先概述成年監護制度;其次分析各國舊有的禁治產制度;再次，介紹了歐美諸國相繼對禁治產制度進行改革，建立現代新型成年監護制度;復次，分析在我國構建新型現代成年監護制度的必要性;最後也是本文的核心，著重提出對我國現代成年監護的制度的設計構想，以及若干細節問題的具體構建。Based on the existing regulation integrated circuits layout - design in our country, and compared with the legislations in other countries and areas, the author makes use of fundamental theories in intellectual property rights, and ways of comparison to probe protection by law about rights of layout - design, in order to contribute to theory research and legislation on this type of intellectual property rights
為此，筆者根據我國《集成電路布圖設計保護條例》的規定，對比其他一些國家、地區的有關立法例，運用知識產權的基本理論，採取比較的方法，嘗試對集成電路布圖設計的法律保護問題進行探討，以期能夠對集成電路布圖設計保護的理論研究和立法完善有所裨益。Second, the paper compare the law of several civil law country : in modern times, all country regulate one joint and several obligation, which have difference in regulations
其次對各國的相關立法例進行了比較:近現代各國都只規定了一種連帶之債，但在具體規定上有所差別。From all the legislation systems and precedent we can see that pure wrong is not the main cause of discharging contract and the severity of result caused by civil wrong is the basic reason, while the severity of result is based on whether the purpose of contract can be reached or not
總結合同解除事由的所有立法例及判例可知，單純的過錯並非合同解除的主要根據，以過錯作判斷因素之一的違約後果具有嚴重性才是合同解除的根本原因，而判斷違約後果是否嚴重，各國大都以合同訂立的主要目的能否實現為依據。In the end, the writer advance crude proposals for our laws to improve. the first chapter is an introduction, including its definition, classification and sources. firstly, definition of impossibility of performance, which means more than the same thing in german civil law code and american contract laws system, the term in this paper is knows as debtor ’ s inability to fulfill a contract and the courts fail to enforce the debtor to achieve it
首先，分析了履行不能的概念、歷史淵源及其分類;其次，論證了履行不能與違約形態的關系，分析了傳統理論上將履行不能規定為違約形態的不足並提出作者的看法;再次，對幾種立法例下履行不能的效力進行了比較分析並對其加以評述;最後，分析了我國對于履行不能的規定，並對完善我國的履行不能提出了建議。Based on various legislation and theories at home and abroad, the author will rearrange and reconsider the field of object of judicial notice in the hope that it may contribute a little to the further study of judicial notice
在國內外各種立法例和學說的基礎上，對司法認知的對象范圍問題重新進行整理和思考，希望能對司法認知研究有所裨益。By the comparative analysis of foreign legislative examples, the author demonstrates the legislative trend and the social historical condition of individual bankruptcy
筆者通過對這些立法例的比較分析，論證了各國在自然人破產的立法趨勢和自然人破產制度運作的社會歷史條件。Chapter ii makes analysis on properties of lien on marine goods under article 87 of maritime code, based on examples of legislation on lien in various countries. the author holds that there are two properties of lien : one is lien exercised by the carrier when the freight, contribution in general average and other necessary charges which are the other party ' s obligation to be paid to the carrier are not paid. it is a real right lien, which is a legal real right for security
第二章通過各國留置權立法例的啟示，分析了我國《海商法》第87條項下的海運貨物留置權的性質，筆者認為其性質分為二部分：承運人為收取運費、共同海損分攤和為貨物墊付的必要費用等屬于對方合同義務的費用而行使的留置權，是一種物權性的留置權，為法定擔保物權；承運人為收取滯期費等屬于對方合同責任的費用而扣留貨物，是一種債權性留置權，為合同的留置權。After passing the duration of probationary suspension, the judgment to adult offender is still valid, but the judgment to minor offender is void. and then, basing on the condition of china and drawing lessons from other countries, the author designs these two systems of probationary suspension in china detail
隨后，文章結合中國的實際，借鑒其他國家的成功經驗與科學立法例，對上述兩項制度作了較科學的設計，分別適用於成年犯人和未成年犯人，充忖揮緩刑制度的優勢。On the basis of examining the historical evolution of subrogating action, as well as subrogating rights, and standing on china ' s practices, the author forms his own viewpoints regarding to subrogating rights and subrogating action, and makes suggestions on revising respective regulation in china ' s contract code and the judiciary intepretations
為此，筆者在考察代位權及代位訴訟歷史演進軌跡和比較分析域外學說、立法例的基礎上，立足中國實際，就代位權、代位訴訟問題提出了自己的觀點，對我國《合同法》及其司法解釋的相關規定提出了修改建議。Whether it will formulate a comprehensive policy to tackle the problem of electronic waste, such as making reference to the waste electrical and electronic equipment directive and the restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment directive formulated by the european union, which will come into effect in august this year and july next year respectively, to legislate against the use of toxic materials by manufacturers in the production of electronic devices in order to avoid environmental pollution caused by discarded electronic devices containing toxic materials
會否制訂全面政策處理電子廢物問題，例如參考由歐洲聯盟制訂並分別于本年8月及明年7月生效的《廢棄的電器電子產品管理指令》及《禁止在電器電子產品中使用有害物質的規定》 ，訂立法例強制電子產品製造商不採用有毒物料製造電子產品，以避免含有毒物料的電子產品在棄置后污染環境？The difference between share right and share is that the former is a material right, while the later is a subject matter. the share right is transferable which is determined by its character about personal right, which is important to shareholders. the share right transfer is a conduct that a shareholder assigns his share right to somebody else on basis of law or article of association, and it is a significant way to implement the benefit of shareholders
因此，本文試從股權轉讓的概念、性質、特徵入手，分析歸納股權轉讓的理論基礎與基本原則，並通過對境外相關股權轉讓的觀點及立法例進行比較分析，結合我國當前有限責任公司股權轉讓制度的具體規定，得出現有立法在規范不同意轉讓之股東購買義務、優先購買權行使主體、異議股東退股權以及基於夫妻財產分割而發生的股權轉讓等方面存在著不足，並對此提出相關改進或完善建議。This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually
但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。The author thinks that damages caused by public utilities should be included in national indemnity, and should be redressed according to the procedure of national indemnity. the author also assumes four following premises for the adoption of damages caused by public utilities into national indemnity. the first, we accept the new theories of other countries ; the second, we learn from and follow the legislation of developed countries, amend national indemnity act ; the third, the legal practices can keep developing, and the spirit of judicial independence can be cultivated ; the fourth, the practice of national indemnity act can be developed further and gets the people ’ s trust and recognition
本文主張公有公共設施致害應納入國家賠償，並循國家賠償程序進行救濟，提出了關于公有公共設施致害納入國家賠償的四個假定，即:一、理論上我們接受各國最新之學說;二、立法上能夠參照先進國家的立法例，使國家賠償法于修改完善時達致真正救濟法水平，同時須注意相關配套法律法規的制定與完善;三、司法實踐能夠保持足夠的發展張力，能夠著力培育司法獨立之精神;四、國家賠償法的實踐能夠不斷深入，得到民眾的信任與認可。With reference to the legislation in different countries and related literature, and in consideration of the situation on both sides of the strait, this paper suggested that the organization model of cpa firms should be an open case ; i. e., to allow cpas to choose from among partnership, partnership with limited liabilities ( llp ), and cpa corporation according to their needs
本文經就世界不同國家的立法例和相關文獻，並斟酌兩岸情勢，提出應全面開放注冊會計師組織型態為原則，諸如合夥型、有限責任合夥制、會計法人制，任由注冊會計師根據自己之需要選擇合適的。Drug crime legislation of the mainland and hong kong analysis
內地與香港毒品犯罪之立法例分析比較分享友人