立法創制權 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lìfǎchuàngzhìquán]
立法創制權 英文
legislative initiative
  • 立 : 動1 （站） stand; remain in an erect position 2 （使豎立; 使物件的上端向上） erect; stand; set up...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 創 : 創名詞（創傷） wound
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 權 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （秤錘） counterpoise; weight （of a steelyard）2 （權力） power; authority 3 （...
  • 立法 : legislation立法程序 legislative process [procedure]; 立法創制權 legislative initiative; 立法調查 ...
  1. Sticking to the basic animus of tort law, grounding fundamental situation of our country and absorbing foreign useful theoretic productions and legislative experience properly, we relate the essence, types, responsibilities and types of tortfeasors of joint torts together organically. and the combination of them form a new and scientific institution of joint torts corresponding to today ' s social life

    在堅持侵權行為法根本宗旨的前提下，針對我國的基本國情，適當借鑒國外有益的理論成果和立法經驗，從共同侵權行為的本質、類型、責任及行為人的種類等方面來入手，將創門有機地統一起來，就構成了新的科學的符合當今社會生活的共同侵權行為制度。
  2. Following are the main functions and effects of regional legislation : 1 the function of subdivision, i. e. regional legislation helps subdivide the fundamental regulations of the constitution and the laws ; 2 the function of complementarity, i. e. regional legislation is complemental to national legislation ; 3 the function of innovation, i. e. regional legislation can be regarded as experimentation to set up new social rules ; 4 the function of particular adjustment, i. e. regional legislation needs to flexibly adjust to special relationships of the local society ; 5 the function of power - control, i. e. regional legislation should provide legal guarantee and restriction for the regular running of the national departments

    本文從學理上分析、總結地方立法的功能、作用有：一是細化作用，即地方立法有利於細化憲法和法律的原則性規定；二是補充作用，即地方立法體現著對國家立法的補充作用z三是創新作用，即地方立法可作為創立新的社會規則的「實驗田」 ；四是特殊調節作用，即地方立法需要對本地區的特殊社會關系進行靈活的法律調整；五是權力控製作用，即地方立法要為現代國家機關的正常運作提供法制保障和約束。地方立法應當遵循的原則，決定著地方立法的發展方向以及地方立法作用的有效發揮。
  3. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  4. In a word, it presents a comprehensive and systemic analysis on mbo in china and foreign countries, from the followly fire aspects : the background of mba, the policy environment, the objective firms, the pricing methods, the financing system, find out differences of mba and the causes of them, and combinating special eco - nomic environment and economic traces of our country, the author puts forward counterplan. these counterplans primarily include : from strengthening laws, enhancing the information to publish, culturing to agency and etc to come to perfect the mbo policy environment on our country ; defining objective firms of mbo in realm that the state - owned property is decided to withdraw ; with the clean property worth for the foundation, synthesize to consider managers " contribute and the value of control powers with company, and pass the market mechanism to come for right price of the objective firms ; pass growing the organization investor, creative financing tool and optimizing the assistant financial system, establishing the valid withdrawing way of financing etc to resolve the financing problem

    在此基礎上，論文從收購背景、政策環境、目標企業、定價方法、融資體制等五個方面對中外mbo做了全面系統的對比分析，找出了兩者的差異及原因，並結合我國特有的經濟環境和經濟軌跡，提出了相應的對策措施。這些對策主要包括：從健全法律法規、加強信息披露、培育中介機構等方面來完善我國mbo的政策環境；在國有資產決定退出的領域內對mbo的目標企業進行界定；以凈資產值為基礎，綜合考慮管理層貢獻和公司控制權兩個因素，通過市場機制來為目標公司正確定價；通過培育機構投資者、創新融資工具和優化配套金融制度、建立有效的融資的撤出渠道等來解決融資問題。
  5. The second part combining with the background of sustainable development, discusses the opportunity and the problems which the study of air rights faces. the third part tries to blaze a new trail in methodology directed against the problems raised in the second part, to introduce the legal economic analysis method in the study of the air rights system, and inquire into the tendency of air rights in accordance with sustainable development strategy. the last part bases on the discussion above, points out the momentous theoretical significance and pratical significance to erect the system of air rights, and in order to comply with the trend of land stereoscopic utilization in our country, it tries to put forward the design of establishing the system of air rights which can meet the d emands of sustainable development in the legislation of real rights system, land management and environmental protection

    本文共分為四個部分，文章的第一部分主要是簡單地介紹空間權的產生和發展，並通過各國空間權制度的比較研究，著重探討了空間權的一些基本理論問題；文章的第二部分結合可持續發展的時代背景，闡述空間權制度研究面臨的機遇和存在的問題；文章的第三部分則主要是針對第二部分的問題，進行方法論的創新，試圖在空間權制度的研究中引入法律的經濟分析方法，探討空間權面對可持續發展戰略的發展趨勢；文章的最後一部分主要是在前文論述的基礎上，指出我國建立空間權制度的重要理論意義和現實意義，并力圖在我國物權立法、土地管理立法、環境資源保護立法中提出建立適應可持續發展需要的空間權制度的設計思路，以順應我國土地立體利用的趨勢。
  6. After retrospecting the history of chinese judicial mediation system, analyzing the effect of today ' s judicial mediation, and combining the reform of judge ' s system taking professionalism and before - try preparing procedure. then drawing lessons from the relevant systems of other countries and regions, the economic reform goal according to chinese judicial tradition should be : in the frame system of the lawsuit, purifying the way of jurisdiction enforcement, giving judge and judge assistant judicial power and mediation power respectively in the mode that trying and mediation are separated, making jurisdiction and mediation properly separated in personal identity and stage. moreover, remedying the separation of jurisdiction and mediation functionally, complemented with reconciliation system in action

    對我國法院調解制度加以歷史考察，對現行法院調解制度的效果進行分析，對民事訴訟功能及調解在司法實踐中偏差產生的根源加以探究，結合正在進行的以職業化為主線的法官制度及審前準備程序改革，再借鑒其他國家和地區的相關制度，符合我國司法傳統，比較經濟，既能遏止法院調解在實踐中產生消極作用，又能充分發揮調解功能的改革目標是：在訴訟框架體制內，純化法院審判權的行使方式，以調審分離為模式，將審判權、調解權分別賦予法官和法官助理，使得審判、調解在人員身份和階段上均適當予以分離，另輔之以訴訟中和解制度，對調審分離加以功能補救，同時建立對訴訟和解協議及民間調解協議的司法審核制度，以創建新型的法院調解制度。
  7. During the amending process, we should implement the principle of primacy of protecting the citizens ' legal rights and emphasize studying and solving the following subjects regarding the systematical innovation and improvement in order to protect the citizens ' legal rights effectively : protecting the citizens ' legal rights should be the leading purpose of the legislation of administrative litigation ; the principle of judicial ultimacy should be abided in the mechanism of solving administrative disputes ; the scopes of accepting cases, participants and relieves in administrative litigation should be broadened ; and both fairness and efficiency should be considered in the legislation of administrative litigation

    在修法過程中必須順應行政法治發展的世界潮流，注重研究解決如下制度創新與改進的課題：行政爭議解決機制應堅持司法最終性，應擴大行政訴訟受案范圍、行政訴訟參加人范圍和行政訴訟救濟范圍，行政訴訟立法應兼顧公平與效率，以更有效地保護公民合法權益。
  8. In this part, the author, with a far - sighted version, systematically puts forward six special suggestions on it : ( a ) reasonable arrangement of the legislation system of the corporation manager, ( b ) redelimitation of the legal status and authority of the corporation manager ; ( c ) clear stipulation of the director of the company may not concurrently serve as the manager, ( d ) strengthening the civil obligations of the corporation manager, ( e ) setting up the managerial system of stimulus and corresponding restraints, ( f ) introduction of the system of protection and remedy on the managerial rights to our country

    基於以上幾部分的分析，文章第四部分水到渠成地提出了公司經理法律制度在中國的創新與完善。作者以高屋造瓴之姿態從六個方面系統地提出了關于中國公司經理法律制度創新與完善的若干具體建議：合理安排公司經理法律制度之立法體例，重新界定公司經理的地位與職權，明確規定公司董事不得兼任經理，加強公司經理的民事法律責任，建立經理激勵與約柬相容的制度，引進公司經理保護與權利救濟機制，從而使本部分的內容形成一個完整的體系。
  9. Secondly, we will discuss the relationship between intellectual property right ' s protection and competition law. as two important legal systems, intellectual property right protects the creator ' s rights through setting up legal rights, while the competition law protects the rights and protects the fair competition through prohibiting the unfair competition. these two legal systems are coordinative and mutually compensating

    第二，在知識產權保護與反不正當競爭法關繫上，知識產權與反不正當競爭作為兩項重要的法律制度，前者通過設立法定權利，保護創造者的利益，後者通過制止不正當競爭，來維護權利人利益，維護公平競爭，二者具有互補協同的關系。
  10. For offering the rules witch can be followed by economical credit reporting agency, china need to produce the law of credit from information as soon as possible, the standpoint of building the law of credit from information is that we must offer credit reporting agencies the necessary conditions they need as long as protect the rights of credit from information of the individual and business, the content of the regulation mentioned to lots of points of how to open the credit from information of the individual and business

    社會信用信息法的立法思想是既要充分保證個人、企業信用權益不受損害，又要求個人、企業信用信息對徵信機構進行開放，為徵信活動的正常開展創造必要的條件。其具體規制內容一是通過對所需開放的信用信息范圍、開放原則、內容、方式的界定，在社會范圍內建立起一個適應徵信機構開展徵信業務的徵信數據環境；二是通過對徵信機構在徵集使用信息過程中對個人、企業信用信息保護的相關規制，實現對企業和個人信用權的保護。
  11. The innovation direction of financial management explains the development tendency of chinese financial management under the knowledge economy circumstances. the objective innovation direction of financial management is the structure that revolves around the broad financial resources allocation ; the conception innovation direction of financial management includes the management finance conception based on human management finance conception of united competition and corporation management finance conception of risk, management finance conception of information and management finance conception of knowledge ; the method innovation direction of financial management embodies the trends about network, reproduction, system, project and strategy ; the institution innovation direction of financial management which is based on the financial administration structure highlights that the interest - related participates in decision - making, the holder of maximum human capital possesses the most important financial administration rights, financial administration is adjusted according to opportunities, the knowledge and economics experts participate in the financial administration ; the content innovation direction of financial management insists admitting the knowledge capital into financial management scope admitting the capital operation into financial management system, building the interest - related financial management system, reforming the method and content of cost management, valuing the promotion of risk management level

    財務管理目標的創新方向是以泛財務資源配置為核心的體系結構；財務管理觀念創新的方向包括與知識經濟緊密相連人文化理財觀念、競爭與合作想統一的理財觀念、信息理財觀念和知識化理財觀念；財務管理方法創新的方向體現了網路化、再生化、系統化、工程化和戰略化的趨勢；財務管理制度創新的方向以財務治理結構為基礎，強調利益相關者共同參與財務治理、人力資本最大者擁有最重要的財務治理權、財務相機治理、以及知識與信息專家參與財務治理；財務管理內容創新的方向考慮將知識資本納入財務學體系、建立利益相關者財務學體系、改革成本管理的內容和方法、重視風險管理水平的提高。
  12. Three mistakes people could make in the construction on credibility : 1 ) some may mistakenly argue that morality could be improved in line with economic growth, but economic logic do not work for morality ; 2 ) some may advocate to re - implement traditional moral standards, including the altruism, to regulate corporate and / or personal actions in market economy ; 3 ) some may think that china ' s socialist market economy is nothing different from market economy adopted by western countries except for the name. suggestions on the construction of credibility in socialist market economy : 1 ) establish a new culture that is helpful for the development of socialist market economy. 2 ) update moral standards, transferring from altruism to egoism on condition that the behavior does not hurt others " interest

    建議從以下途徑出發建設社會主義市場經濟下的誠信體系: 1 、文化轉型，從傳統的、保守的農業文明轉向體現理性精神、契約精神、人本精神的現代工業文明，建設有中國特色的市場經濟文化; 2 、道德重建，應從傳統的無私利他、利己主義轉向已他兩利主義，使道德走向現實; 3 、制度的創新與完善，抓緊立法，嚴格執法，加強政府監管，樹立法律權威和政府權威，同時要建立和完善中介機構的管理制度、行業管理制度和企業自身的誠信管理制度; 4 、培育公民的誠信意識，政府應帶頭誠實守信; 5 、要注意培養企業家品格，塑造傳統與現代相結合的儒商精神。
  13. In the several years, the period during which the statute on the town and township enterprises has been putting into effect is just the moment that our economy system and economy environment have taken rapid changes, the successive and unprecedented problems are emerged at this turning time in the courses of transition of system innovation and structure adjustment, hi view of this situation, it is vital to complete the legal system and enhance the executive power for the defense of the sanctity and authority of the law and for the development of the town and township enterprises

    鄉鎮企業法實施以來的幾年，正是我國經濟體制和經濟環境變化最快的時期，鄉鎮企業處于體制創新和結構調整的重要轉折時期，新問題接踵而來，新困難前所未有。針對新情況、新問題，完善鄉鎮企業立法，加強執法力度，對于維護法律的尊嚴和權威，對于更好卜l臼霎固二ixs q二卜十， 4子汀yvas工ers丁啞引s一鄉鎮企業特殊發展歷程和重要地位入手，論述了鄉鎮企業立法和加強法制建設的重要意義，指出了鄉鎮企業立法和執法中存在的主要問題，提出了完善和加強鄉鎮企業立法和執法的建議。
  14. However, since the 1970s, the resurgence of small and medium - sized enterprises has appeared in american economy, the ratio of their production in the gdp has gradually risen, and economic status has improved, esp., in the 1990s, they have played very important roles in the aspects of technological innovation, increasing employment, and promoting exportation, etc. limited by their own characteristics, one of the largest difficulties of developing small and medium - sized enterprises is lacking of capital. such being the case, the governments and other economic sectors all over the world, either developed or developing countries, have focused on solving this problem

    本文在分析美國中小企業在經濟中的地位的基礎上，首先對中小企業的融資模式進行了探討，認為盡管美國是市場主導型的金融系統，商業銀行貸款仍是中小企業外源融資的主要形式，隨著金融創新的出現，資本市場的創新形式? ?創業投資和納斯達克市場為中小企業的權益融資提供了新的渠道;政府在中小企業融資方面也提供了強有力的支持;其次，本文討論了美國中小企業融資的有效制度安排，包括相關的金融立法、創新的融資機制和抵禦風險的信用擔保體系等;最後，在分析我國中小企業融資現狀及造成我國中小企業融資困境原因的基礎上，借鑒美國的有益經驗，提出了有益的建議。
  15. At last, taking above analyses into account, the author thinks that it is imperative to establish modern commercial banks " institution with the core of modern property rights " institution. at the same time, the author puts forward a series of measures for controlling institution risk as follows : firstly, establish modern property rights " institution and improve legal entity governance structure ; secondly, establish financial controlling corporation and carry out mixed business operation ; thirdly, innovate commercial banks " supervision institution, establishing mixed business supervision model with the characteristics of functional supervision ; finally, perfect social credit system in order to strengthen construction of external environment of commercial banks " institution

    文章接著回顧了我國商業銀行制度創新的歷程，概括了當前我國商業銀行制度風險的特徵與成因，最後結合上文分析的結果，得出了我國商業銀行制度創新的方向，那就是建立以現代產權制度為核心的現代商業銀行制度，並且提出了控制制度風險的措施，即深化制度創新：一是建立現代產權制度，完善法人治理結構；二是建立金融控股公司，實行混業經營；三是改革監管制度，建立以功能型監管為特徵的混業監管模式；四是加強銀行制度的外部環境建設，建立健全社會信用制度。
  16. In the last part, the situation of the application of ec is outlined, and the facts that impeded the development of ec are presented : the imbalance of supply and demand with regard to the infrastructure of network, the lackey of confidence of consumer and firms on ec because of the lackey of credit in economy life, and the difficulties of how to adapt to and protect the new product style of ec by state legal system. we pointed out that, several aspects, such as fiscal tax revenue, law and enactments, the safety of information, admission of market, the perspectives of information, and technolocrats, will persistently impeded the development of ec. in china, the application of ec should be dominated by firms and conducted by government, which should as soon as possible enact the relative law regarding to taxation, electronic paying, digital signature, certification authority, intellectual property on web, etc. the national physical distribution system, the financial monitory system, the system of credit of firms as well as consumers should be completed

    在最後一個部分，文章簡述了我國電子商務應用的現狀，用博弈論方法分析了制約我國電子商務應用發展的幾個主要原因:網路基礎設施的供需失衡、經濟生活中的信用意識缺乏導致的消費者和企業對電子商務應用中的普遍的不信任及國家法律制度如何適應和保護電子商務這種新的生產方式等，並指出，財政稅收、法律法規、信息安全、市場準入、信息觀念、技術人才等幾個方面的問題將是長期阻礙電子商務發展的因素，電子商務在我國的應用要走企業為主體、政府引導的路子，政府應盡快制定有關稅收、電子支付、電子簽名、身份認證、網上知識產權等方面的法律法規，建立覆蓋全國的現代化物流配送體系，健全和完善金融監管體系，特別是企業信用體系和消費者信用體系的建設，大力推進企業信息化建設，創造發展環境，完善保障機制，加快人才培養。
  17. Through analysis the author obtained the requirement of establishing the principle of citizen ' s constitutional right remedy by judicature. after obtaining such requirement and drawing advice from experts, the author put forward four steps in establishing such mechanism in our country. firstly, cultivation the litigious awareness of citizen ' s basic right

    在分析得出建立憲法司法適用機制的條件是確立司法對公民憲法權利的最終救濟原則后，通過借鑒各位前輩專家的意見，筆者拋磚引玉，從宏觀上設計四個重要步驟: 1 、培育公民基本權利的訴訟意識; 2 、形成二元化的憲法解釋機制; 3 、建立「雙軌制」的違憲審查模式; 4 、創立真正意義上的憲法訴訟制度，從而能夠形成我國憲法司法適用機制。
  18. While there are so many problems that made trust and investment companies face lots of internal and external risks in real operation such as the immature market, the scarcity of government legislation and supervision, the management risks in the trust and investment companies and so on. all these need be solved by the trust and investment companies under the assistance of government department responsible for legislation and supervision. this article states from the real status of the trust industry, analyses the risk of it and brings forward the solutions from the following four angles : innovating trust production, such as npl trust, state - owned stock trust, leasing trust, mbo trust, esot, etc, perfecting the mechanism of risk control from var model and risk estimation, enhancing the cooperation with other financial institutions like banks, securities institutions, insurance companies and leasing companies, and strengthening the system of government legislation, supervision and self - restriction of trust and investment companies

    本文從中國信託業的現狀出發，分析信託投資公司存在的問題，尤其是整頓后依然存在的問題，借鑒國外信託業的經驗，結合中國信託業的實際情況，從創新信託產品、健全信託投資公司風險控制機制、加強與其他金融機構合作和增強監管機制等角度進行探討，提出解決問題、加速信託機構健康發展的途徑：第一、根據目前我國信託業的規定，結合中國的經濟狀況，從處置國有不良資產、減持國有股、與金融租賃相結合、管理層收購、職工持股、銀行處理信貸資產、房地產、應收債權等領域創新信託產品；第二、引入國際上風險控制模型內控信託機構的風險，並採取信用評級的手段對信託投資公司和信託產品進行評級，從外部控制信託機構的風險；第三、提出信託投資公司應與銀行、證券、保險和租賃業相結合，在業務上相互補充，資源上共享，促進信託業的發展；第四、從完善信託立法、加強監管力度、健全信託投資公司個體自律和行業自律等方面完善信託的監管體系。
  19. There are many problems in chinese tax litigation system, therefore, using the experiences of other countries for reference, this thesis provided some substantive suggestions, including cancelling reconsideration precedence, setting up professional tax court, establishing small amount suit proceeding etc. part v : concerning taxpayer ' s right, this thesis mainly introduces taxpayer ' s basic rights and taxpayer ' s general rights

    由於我國的稅收爭訟法律制度存在問題頗多，所以在借鑒外國先進的法律制度的前提下，對完善我國的稅收爭訟制度提出了許多實質性的建議，如:取消復議前置，設立專門的稅務法院（庭） 、創設小額訴訟程序等。最後，本文主要介紹了納稅人的權利，包括納稅人的基本權利和納稅人的一般性權利。
  20. Fourth, it is to build strong safeguarding system and enhance the competence in fending off the risk. sixth, it is to quicken the step in cooperative finance legislation and to improve the status of the country cooperative units. seventh, it is to set up competitive mechanism and to build the active country cooperative financial system

    並提出以下具體改革設想：一是開展組織制度創新，實現組織形式的多樣性；二是開展管理體制創新，推動多層次的聯合與合作；三是開展產權制度創新，健全法人治理結構；四是合理市場定位，實行商業化經營；五是建立強有力的保障體系，增強防範和抵禦風險的能力；六是加快合作金融立法，提高農村信用社地位；七是建立競爭機制，建設富有活力的農村合作會融體系。
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