航海過失免責 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hánghǎiguòshīmiǎnzé]
航海過失免責 英文
shipping statute
  • 航 : Ⅰ名詞（船） boat; shipⅡ動詞（航行） navigate （by water or air）; sail
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 免 : Ⅰ動詞1 （去掉;除掉） dismiss; relieve; remove 2 （避免） avoid; escape; avert 3 （免去） excuse s...
  • 責 : Ⅰ名詞（責任） duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 （要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準） demand; ask for; req...
  • 航海 : voyage; navigation航海保障 navigation support; 航海標志 seamark; 航海表 nautical table; 航海導航 ...
  • 過失 : 1 （因疏忽而犯的錯誤） fault; slip; error; misconduct; culpa; mistake; blunder 2 [法律] unpremedi...
  1. In practice of carriage of goods by sea, the individuai shipper is the consumer of service, beiongs to a weak social group, so that the party who needs protection by the iaw shaii be the shipper but not the carriel howevef

    在海上貨物運輸中，廣大的貨物托運人是「消費者」 ，屬於弱勢群體，應當受到法律的保護。但現存的航海過失免責，卻與此相背，不能不令人遺憾。
  2. Now we can draw a conciusion that there exists an inequaiity of right and liability between the carrier and shipper in china ' s maritime law considerinb that dangerous goods are a threat to the ship and its crew and the shipper is the person who knows the danger of the goods and how to prevent it, the author accepts that it is understandable to put a strict iiabiiity on the shipper who consigns dangerous goods

    由於危險貨物對船舶和船上人員的生命可能構成較大的危害，而且只有托運人才是最了解危險貨物的人，也是採取措施預防危險發生的最適合的人選，所以令其對托運的危險物承擔嚴格責任，筆者認為是可以理解的；而對于承運人就船員駕駛船舶和管理船舶的過失可以免責，在當今航海條件下，筆者則認為未必妥當。
  3. Firstly the influence that the abolishment of the defense the exception of error in navigation of vessel brings to shipping economy, collision damage and general average

    首先分析了廢除航海過失免責對航運經濟、碰撞索賠以及共同海損等可能帶來的影響。
  4. ( 3 ) comparing the diff9rent social conditions between the years in which immunity of navigation negiect appeared and the recent years. ln 19th century the navigationai techniques were undeveloped, once the ship left the dock, the ship owner could not control the ship and his crew effectiveiy and often the ship never came back because of great sea periis. w8 ail know the reason an employer shaii be responsibie for his employee ' s fau

    國際上早在五、六十年代就已注意到航海過失免責的經濟基礎不復存在，主張廢除航海過失免責的呼聲漸高，在一些代表貨主利益的內陸國家的努力下，於1978年3月引日在德國漢堡舉行的由78個國家參加的全權代表大會上，通過了否定航海過失免責的《聯合國海上貨物運輸公約》 ，簡稱《漢堡公約》 。
  5. In contrast, the author believes that it is unreasonabie that the carrier have immunity from the fault of his crew under up - todate navigation condition. the author will justify his opinion by ; ( 1 ) discussing the history of liabiiity basis system and the evoiution of its civii iaw standardi the iiabiiity basis system experienced objective distribution stage to subjective stage, which indicates the negation of subjective f8ult

    本文將從以下幾個方面進行論述： （一）分析歸責原則的發展歷程、民法基本觀念（即民法的本位）的演進，從宏觀的法律原理方面抽象論證航海過失免責的非正當性；歸責原則從客觀歸責到主觀歸責的發展，表明人類對主觀過錯的否定，雖然在意思自治原則下出現了一些過失免責，但各國都對此給以了限制。
  6. The case is that the maritime law immunes the carrier from the liability of navigation negiect, which severely ignores the evolution of the civii law standard. ( 2 ) anaiyzing the effects of two diff8rent kinds of distribution of liability ffom a legal economics viewpoint. legal economics theories believe that if an act andlor a iaw theory is reasonable, it will maximize the sociai wealth

    論歸責原則與航海過失免菏上海海運學院石聖科（二）利用法律的經濟分析方法，從微觀上論證航海過失免責的低效率問題；從責任配置的後果的分析來看：因為船東直接控制船舶，其控製成本比貨主的控製成本要低得多。
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