議價過程 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yìjiàguòchéng]
議價過程 英文
bargaining process
  • 議 : Ⅰ名詞（意見; 言論） opinion; view Ⅱ動詞（商議） discuss; exchange views on; talk over
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 議價 : 1 （議定價格） negotiate a price2 （議定的價格） negotiated price; negotiated buying price議價單...
  • 過程 : process; procedure; transversion; plication; course
  1. From the analysis of the construction and applying of our country ' s bidding system, the author approach a subject about the proper arrangement and structure of the bidding organization, and propose the way to deal with the development direction and standardization of it. using the structure of the feasible research and the tactics in our country ' s construction bidding system, analyse the standardization in our bidding program, the author point out the unstandard phenomena such as the deficiency research of the earlier stage and behaviour of forcing price down, and put out constructive suggestions. from the analysis of the system and the way used in deciding the bidding winers, also from the analysis of the new theory in bidding - evaluction, decision and concrete instances, the author point out the phenomena of the deficiency system and organization and propose suggestions about the standardization in our construction bidding system

    在對發達國家和地區招標投標制度進行綜述的基礎上，指出目前我國招標投標活動運行中存在不規范和不完善的現象，同時提出研究本論文的理論意義；通過對我國建設工程招標投標組織的構建和應用的分析，從理論上探討了招標投標組織應有的層次結構，提出了招標投標組織的未來發展趨向和規范招標組織的對策建議；利用我國建設項目投標的可行性研究及招標投標報價策略的層次結構體系，對我國建設工程投標的規范化進行分析，指出了目前投標前期研究不夠，報價隨意壓價等不規范現象，提出了規范投標活動的建議；通過對建設工程招標投標定標的運行機制及辦法的分析以及建設工程在評標定標方法上創新的理論與案例的分析，指出機制不完善，體系不健全的現象，提出了規范我國建設工程招標投標定標運行體系的建議。
  2. The topics about collective bargaining process are critical to management - labor relations

    摘要集體議價過程堪為?資關系之重要議題。
  3. I also summarized briefly the qualifications for tender agency, factors which would block the development of tender agents and the countermeasures, a nd anticipated the foreground of its development in water conservancy systems of hebei province, and then, i advanced my suggestion on the standardization of tendering and bidding procedures in the relevant projects ; i also analyzed the insufficiencies of decision - making system, documents study and circumstances research in the tenders. at the same time, i introduced the skills and strategies in the tendering and bidding, and advanced my analysis results and suggestions. through the introduction of the procedure from opening to evaluating and deciding the tenders, and the scores registration method on evaluating tenders, i pointed out the status quo and main problems occurred in the tendering and bidding in the construction of water conservancy projects in hebei province, and put forward my suggestion on the system of opening, evaluating and deciding of tender in the projects

    在對招標人、招標代理機構和招標過程的法律規定與分析后，指出河北省水利工程建設招標人和河北省工程建設招標代理機構的現狀及存在問題，提出了市場經濟條件下，最合理的招標組織形式為招標代理，並簡述了招標代理機構的資格要求、河北省水利工程建設管理機制中阻礙招標代理機構順利發展因素及對策，預測了招標代理制度在河北省水利系統的發展前景，對進一步規范河北省水利工程招標活動提出建議；對投標過程中存在的投標決策、招標文件研究、投標環境調查不足之處進行了分析，同時介紹了河北省水利工程建設投標報價技巧及策略，對河北省水利工程投標活動現狀及存在問題提出規范化的分析和建議；通過對水利工程開標、評標、定標運行程序和河北省水利工程評標計分辦法的介紹，指出了河北省水利工程建設招標投標定標運行的現狀和存在的問題，提出了河北省水利工程建設開標、評標、定標運行體系的建議。
  4. The main design points of passive design techniques have been dissertates by the numbers, from three aspects of building groups, single buildup and building parts, which include building group layout, orientation space between, wind protection solar heating, thermal mass and nocturnal cooling and natural ventilation etc. the dissertation also explains the whole climate design process is three stage of climate analysis, conceptual design stage and schematic design evaluation and at last, taking a high - rise residential building as an example case study, evaluates its climate adaptation strengths and limits, and then proposes the correctional advises for responsive to climate

    本文著重從建築群體關系、單體設計、局部構造三個層面上論述了各設計分區技術策略的設計要點，包括布局、朝向、間距、防風、太陽g睬暖、建築蓄熱降溫、自然通風等。最後本文以西安為例，給出了建築氣候設計程序為氣候分析?方案設計?方案評價三個主要過程，並對一高層住宅建築的氣候適應性進行了分析和評價，提出了方案的修改建議。
  5. Fisrt, this paper dissertates the necessities and feasibilities for establishing and implementing ims theoretically. second, it resreachs the problems in the process of establishing and implementing ims, and list the planning and designing moughtway for 5th engineering corporation of china railway 20 bureau group. meanwhile, it provides some suggestions for key steps of establishing and implementing an ims. for example, orgnazational improment, training implementation, initial review, development of managerial principal and goals, and compilation of procedural documents. after that, this paper designs a set of evaluation indicators on the basis of pdca., and put forwards evaluation method and process for the effectiveness of an ims. last, it also makes some concrete proposals vs possible difficulties in the process of performimg an integrated management system, for the continual improvement of the corporation ' s ims

    本文首先從理論上分析了建立與實施一體化管理體系的必要性和可行性；其次，對中鐵二十局集團五公司質量、環境和職業健康安全一體化管理體系的建立與實施問題進行了研究，給出了該公司建立與實施一體化管理體系的策劃和設計思路，同時就建立與實施過程中的重點問題進行了研究，如組織機構的優化、貫標培訓的實施、初始評審的實施、管理方針的確定、管理目標的設定以及程序文件的編制等；然後，設計了基於pdca （策劃、實施、檢查、處置）模式的一體化管理體系有效性評價指標體系，給出對五公司一體化管理體系有效性進行評價的方法和過程；最後，分析了一體化管理體系運行過程中可能遇到的問題，並給出中鐵二十局集團五公司一體化管理體系持續運行的具體建議。
  6. At last, the paper analyses chinese manage system of national defense scientific research, give some advice that weaken the disadvantage influence of asymmetric information : in the aspect of the management direction idea, giving priority to technology and efficiency, other appraisement standard being assistant, to make up of multi - ply appraisement standard system ; to consummate invite public bidding ; to implement the management system of national defense that navy, air force, army unite to implement national defense scientific research ; to carry out the scientific research " s outlay management system of " render an account - drawing " ; to maintain competition of the management of national defense scientific research ; to develop international cooperate of national defense scientific research and commerce, realize civil - military two - using ; to implement law - code of national defense scientific research, strengthen the rule of law idea

    最後，文章對我國的國防科研管理體制現狀進行了分析，並對如何減弱信息不對稱的不利影響提出了幾點建議：在國防科研管理指導思想上，以技術和效率為主導，結合其他評價標準，形成多層次的評價標準體系；完善國防科研招標管理體制；實行三軍聯合研究的科研管理體制；實行「報帳提款制」的科研經費管理體制；保持國防科研項目實施過程中一定程度的競爭；開展國際科研合作與貿易，實現軍民兩用；完善國防科研的法律、法規體系建設，增強法治觀念。
  7. Abstract : based on investigations on highway construction projects in chongqin city and guizhou province, the environment impact characteristics of highway constructions were analyzed. some shortages in eia and environmental management were analyzed and several new environment management opinions were put forward : 1. carring out dynamic management with whole procedure of highway construction ; 2. paying attention to separating effect to wild animals, landscape resources conservation, environment supervision during construction period, ecological benefit, and providing more environmental data ; 3. handling the envionmental problems with new techniques in the expressway construction ; 4. broadening the knowledge in environment of highway workers and environmental managers and raising the level of education

    文摘:根據對重慶市和貴州省已建和在建高速公路建設項目環保工作的實例調查，剖析了公路建設項目環境影響的全過程性特點和現行環保管理工作的不足，提出高速公路環境保護管理的新思路和新建議： 1 ）實行全過程動態管理； 2 ）深化環境影響評價工作，在環評中注意阻隔作用，景觀保護，施工期環境監控，環境恢復措施講求綜合生態效益以及提供盡可能多的環境信息； 3 ）注意公路建設的技術進步，並應用新的技術解決環境影響問題； 4 ）提高公路建設者和環保管理者的環境知識，環保思想及文化意識水平。
  8. Based on investigations on highway construction projects in chongqin city and guizhou province, the environment impact characteristics of highway constructions were analyzed. some shortages in eia and environmental management were analyzed and several new environment management opinions were put forward : 1. carring out dynamic management with whole procedure of highway construction ; 2. paying attention to separating effect to wild animals, landscape resources conservation, environment supervision during construction period, ecological benefit, and providing more environmental data ; 3. handling the envionmental problems with new techniques in the expressway construction ; 4. broadening the knowledge in environment of highway workers and environmental managers and raising the level of education

    根據對重慶市和貴州省已建和在建高速公路建設項目環保工作的實例調查，剖析了公路建設項目環境影響的全過程性特點和現行環保管理工作的不足，提出高速公路環境保護管理的新思路和新建議： 1 ）實行全過程動態管理； 2 ）深化環境影響評價工作，在環評中注意阻隔作用，景觀保護，施工期環境監控，環境恢復措施講求綜合生態效益以及提供盡可能多的環境信息； 3 ）注意公路建設的技術進步，並應用新的技術解決環境影響問題； 4 ）提高公路建設者和環保管理者的環境知識，環保思想及文化意識水平。
  9. Moreover, the course reflects the change of the kuomintang ' s higher education policy that more and more domination was stressed to universities. the thesis centers on the change of sun yat - sen university ' s decision mechanism, develops with the change of the university ' s organized system. the thesis is divided into three parts : the first part shows the background and influence in building of the university at that time ; the second part reveals the interval management ' s change course of the university ; the last part is the comments on the change

    本文以學校決策機構的變化為中心、以學校組織系統的變更為線索來考察中山大學的管理變化情況，全文分為三部分：第一部分即導言說明中山大學的創辦及影響；第二部分包含了第一章至第三章，描述中山大學管理變化的過程，學校的決策機構經歷了由校務會議至評議會至董事會的轉變及其由此引起的學校組織系統的變更情況；第三部分即結語，評價變化的意義。
  10. At the same time, as the legislation on this procedural system is too simple, and without any contents, ways and time limit of judicial review, especially without any right of defense of the accused during the proceedings for revision, which leads to the procedure similar to the administrative examination and approval system and without any lawsuit color, so as to interfere with the pursuit of the procedure to the value of justice during the

    同時，由於立法在該程序制度規定上過于簡單，對復核內容、方法、期限均未做出規定，尤其是未規定被告人在復核程序中的辯護權，從而使這一程序近似行政審批制度而鮮有訴訟色彩，更加影響了該程序在死刑案件裁判中對公正價值的追求。當前，死刑復核程序中許多制度性變革被提上議事日程，人們開始重新思考這一程序的性質和存在價值等問題。
  11. He will want results and agreements, and he will not hesitate to do some tactical elbowing in the process.

    他需要取得成果和談成協議，但在這一過程中，他也會毫不猶豫地進行策略上的討價還價。
  12. The second part studied the characteristics of modern logistics enterprises, pointed out the concept of modern logistics enterprises valuation, and analyzed how the value of modem logistics enterprises come from. the third part discussed the approaches and the factors of modern logistics enterprises valuation. based on the introduction and the criticism of the traditional valuation approaches, the forth part presented suggestions on how to set up our country ' s system of approaches and how to choose approaches to valuate the modern logistics enterprises on different phases. the fifth part embodied the new idea by the instance of wuhu port company ' s valuation

    本文共分為五大部分：提出現代物流企業價值評估的現狀、意義和面臨的問題，形成了本文的第一部分內容；通過對現代物流企業行業特點的分析，剖析現代物流企業價值的內涵，並對現代物流企業價值的形成途徑和影響因素進行闡述，形成了本文的第二部分內容；重新審視現代物流企業價值評估的各種要素，進而揭示出各種評估方法的利弊，形成了本文的第三部分內容；提出現代物流企業價值評估中的難點及對策，並在此基礎上，給出各個階段現代物流企業價值評估方法選擇的建議，並構建我國現代物流企業價值評估方法體系的總體思想，形成了本文的第四部分內容；將全新的評估思路運用到對蕪湖港儲運股份有限公司的價值評估過程中去，進行實證分析，形成了本文第五部分內容。
  13. Abstract : the happenning process and cause as well as causing catastrophy of muddebris flow were anlysissed and evaluated based on sitting inspect and visit of minjiang longtanbao muddebris flow. the proposal of reducing and defencing catastrophy and protecting ecological envirenment

    文摘:通過岷江龍潭堡泥石流現場考察、訪問，對這次泥石流的發生過程及造成的災害進行分析和評價，對泥石流發生的原因做出初步分析，並提出減災、防災、保護生態環境的建議。
  14. In the terms of the value of cultural heritage, based on the preservation theory of the current national cultural heritage, the value of xi ' an forest of steles cultural heritage is re - estimated and reanalyzed, and viewpoints and suggestions are proposed on the contents ^ methods > working points and key problems of the current preservation of xi ' an forest of steles, by dating the history development process of xi ' an forest of steles, by reviewing its preservation process and by investigating the current preservation

    本文以碑林及其環境為研究對象，在當代國際文化遺產保護的理論基礎上，從文化遺產價值分析的角度入手，通過追溯碑林的歷史演進過程、回顧它的保護歷程、調查其保護現狀，對碑林文化遺產的價值進行了重新判定與分析，並就當前西安碑林保護的內容、方法、工作要點及其關鍵性問題提出了觀點和建議。
  15. Then the research puts forward some sugguestions. for example : set up and improve the school ' s self - value system to activate the interest of teacher and students to the developing curriculum. carry out school - based management to raise teachers " self - researching, self - teaching and self - growing. . in essence, school - based curriculum is n ' t the process of external obligation but internal self - realization

    如：建議建立與完善校本課程開發的內部評價機制來調動師生開發課程的積極性；學校實現校本管理來提高教師自我教研、自我培訓、自我成長的意識… …質言之，校本課程開發，不是一個外部強加的過程，而是一個內部的需要自我實現的過程。
  16. Plc, robot and cad / cam are called the three major pillars in the modem factory automation. plc, as the head of the three, has become the leading basic automatic equipment in the field of the industry control in the early 1980s " but as a matter of fact, plc being with the lack of friendly man machine interface, rnakes no close relationship between human and machineometimes it even can not be promoted and applied in some fields aiming at the situation mat those imported products are too expensive while domestic products are of rare famous brands, a plc man - machine interface - plc monitor is developedthis paper systemically introduces the developing procedure for the whole system, including how to design hardware and software system. especially emphasizing plc communication protocol. real time message accessing, lcd controller instruction set, definition of data construction for message & tag screens and how to display thern, assignment of internal resource of cpuealization in software among plc & manitor, file format defining a nd download of user data, etcplc monitor will compensate some weakpoints of plc, and extend the application rangeimultanneously enhance the performance of plc and increase the attached value of mechanical machines, undoubtedly it will see hight market prospect

    針對人機界面進口產品的高昂價格和國產品牌稀少的這一現狀，研製開發了一種plc人機界面? plc監控器。本文系統地介紹了整個系統的開發過程，包括硬體系統、軟體系統的設計及實現，重點介紹了plc通信協議，監控器的基本工作原理以及期望實現的功能，監控器電源電路、 sram存儲器掉電保護電路、 cpu監控器電路、按鍵輸入電路的設計及按鍵狀態的讀入，時鐘信息的設定與讀取， cpu液晶顯示器指令系統，信息畫面及標簽數據結構的定義及顯示方法， cpu內部資源的分配，監控器與plc通信的軟體實現，文件格式的定義以及畫面數據的下載等。 plc監控器彌補了plc一些方面的不足，可以擴大plc的應用范圍，提升機械設備的檔次，增加設備的附加價值，具有一定的市場前景。
  17. Chapter three is entitled " predictions and measurements of china ' s retirement pension funds under the sp & ira ", in the first place, it measures the fund needed in the framework of social security system, and in the second place, it measures the fund needed in the framework of personal account system

    第四章「對我國統賬結合養老保險的部分評價及政策建議」 。在上述三章的基礎上，對我國養老保險制度規定及其實際運行過程中存在的問題進行評價並給出了部分政策建議，包括退休年齡的規定、個人賬戶的支付期限及其空賬運行等問題。
  18. The discussion of cultural construction mode in baibuting community is developed as following : the first part presents author ' s motivation in carrying out the research, defining some concepts and introducing a few common modes of cultural construction in urban communities. the second part is a detailed description of fundamental ideas and content, advocating the notion of " human oriented, moral centered, law abiding, trying to creating a modern community with the capacity of sustainable development ", introducing its unique homestead culture. the third part sets forth the innovation of community culture construction modes in baibuting community : in order to create a, human - oriented community culture, establish a peaceful and content environment for the socialism ideology, the baibuting community made innovation on community management system ; by the analysis of the occupational statistics and object groups, the author found out that most of residents come from the middle class ; then, the author gives the definition of middle class and its general features in a sociological perspective ; finally, the thesis analyses the characteristics of the community residents " pursuit of culture and the harmonious development of community culture in aspects like value system, consumption habits, cultural needs

    本文通過理論學習，對百步亭花園社區文化建設的模式進行了探索研究，在現狀調查過程中，筆者發現百步亭的社區文化建設之所以成功，除了開發商和物業管理中心的組織建設外，還有小區居民的積極參與合作，三者密不可分，而這又與居民所屬的階層文化訴求密切相關，於是，本文就百步亭社區文化建設模式作了論述，思路如下：文章的第一部分：提出本文研究的緣起，並對一些與本文有關的概念作了界定，還介紹了幾種城市社區文化建設的一般模式；文章的第二部分：介紹百步亭花園社區文化建設模式的基本思想和內容，提出了「以人為本、以德為魂、以法為行，努力創造可持續發展的現代文明社區」的口號，並介紹了其獨具特色的家園文化；文章的第三部分：對百步亭社區文化建設模式的創新作了論述：百步亭社區為了營造以人為本的社區文化，構建社區安居樂業工程，為社會主義思想道德體系提供良好的社會文化環境，在社區管理體制上作了創新；還通過對百步亭社區居民的職業統計，來源群體，分析出其從屬的社會階層主要是社會的中間階層；再次，從社會學角度，定義了中間階層及一般特徵；最後從價值觀、認同感，消費觀念、文化需求等方面，分析了其文化訴求的特徵和與社區文化的協調發展；文章的第四部分：從整合功能和導向功能兩方面總結了百步亭社區文化建設的社會效應；並對百步亭社區文化建設模式的不足提出了意見和建議。
  19. This article first introduces environmental value, its category and assessment of environmental value ; then environmental policy, environmental compensation of usa, and cercla, opa ’ 90 will be introduced. also, rules on assessment of environmental damage contemplated in directions issued by euro parliament and eu council of ministers and their developments will be explored. demonstrative analysis, comparative analysis and etc. will be applied in the research of the above law, and meanwhile, theory of environmental economics will be adopted in assessment of environmental damage

    本文首先是通過環境的價值及其分類和評價環境價值的各種方法的介紹，讓大家對環境的價值有初步的認識;再通過對美國的環境對策、補償、責任法（ cercla ） 、油污法（ opa 』 90 ）和歐洲議會及歐盟部長理事會關于環境損害的預防和救濟的指令案中關于對自然環境資源的損害評價規則和發展過程進行分析探討，綜合運用實證分析、比較分析等方法來研究上述法律運用環境經濟學原理來確定損害賠償額的評價方法。
  20. Among the talent system, the salary system is the plan which makes the strategic goal into the practical action and guides and inspires them to implement the action. so, for our companies and managths, how to establish the salary system which fits in with the needs of development and how to follow the salary management, it is an important problem. so, to one companies, how to set up the practicable salary system has become the most important and urgent and arduous task. enterprise ’ s achievement has a direct relationship with reasonable salary system and management mechanism

    論文結合sw集團的內外部環境，提出其可能選擇的薪酬政策，並給出一套較為切合企業實際的崗位薪點工資制薪酬方案，闡述了點數法的工作評價方法的選擇，進行了崗位薪點工資制的設計，及績效考評體系、福利薪酬體系和內在薪酬管理等對崗位薪點工資制的支持，並對該方案以後實施過程中可能遇到的問題提出相關建議。
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