遺傳比例 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yízhuànbǐlì]
遺傳比例 英文
genetic ratio
  • 遺 : 遺動詞[書面語] （贈與） offer as a gift; make a present of sth : 遺之千金 present sb with a gener...
  • 傳 : 傳名詞1 （解釋經文的著作） commentaries on classics 2 （傳記） biography 3 （敘述歷史故事的作品）...
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 遺傳 : [生物學] heredity; hereditary; inheritance; inherit
  • 比例 : 1. （長度上縮小和放大的倍數） scale; scaling 2. （比率） proportion; ratio; proportionality
  1. Cluster analysis by upgma methods indicated that these five stocks might be divided into three clusters. results of rapd a nalysis suggested that extensive genetic diversity was detected in this species and the genetic divergence among stocks was relatively high ; upgma phylogenetic tree showed there existed three geographic populations of p. polyactis in the yellow sea and the east china sea, which supported the previous conclusion by morphological and ecological methods. part two : the genetic diversity between trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus random amplified polymorphic dna ( rapd ) technique was applied to 12 individuals from each species of the hairtail fishes trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus collected from the yellow sea

    50一2 . 44 ） ，群體內和群體間的遺傳變異比例分別為69 %和31 % ;群體間的平均遺傳相似度和遺傳距離分別為0 . 9139和o . q861 ;用非加權配對算數平均法（ unweightedpair - groupmethodofari山m七tiome即s ， upgma ）聚類分析的結果表明，所分析的5個群體可被分為3個地理群系，從分子水平上支持了過去有關學者把黃海和東海的小黃魚劃分為北中南3個地理群系的觀點。
  2. As analyzed, ( 1 ) the rapd technique is highly sensitive to investigating genetic diversity in t. lepturus and e. muticus. t. lepturus exhibits lower polymorphism and genetic diversity than e. muticus ; ( 2 ) according to the analysis of the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene sequences, a very low intraspecific variation and considerably high divergence among species were found, which reveals a dual nature of conservatism and variability in mitochondrial 16s rrna gene ; ( 3 ) five primers generate the species - speeific rapd sites and these sites can be served as the molecular markers for species identification and ( 4 ) it can be proved at dna variation level that t. lepturus and e. muticus are of two species respectively pertainiag to different genera, which supported the nelson taxonomic conclusion

    分析結果表明: （ 1 ） rapd技術研究黃海帶魚和小帶魚的遺傳多樣性具有較高的靈敏度和檢出率，帶魚的多態比例和遺傳多態度均較小帶魚的低; （ 2 ）線粒體165出兇a基因序列在分析兩物種遺傳變異時表現出保守和變異的雙重特性，種內變異極小而種間較大: （ 3 ） 5個隨機引物擴增出種特異的ra衛d帶，可作為種間分子鑒定標記; （ 4 ）研究證實帶魚和小帶魚是不同屬的兩個種，從而在分子水平上支持了nelson分類系統的觀點。
  3. Ninety - four segregating markers were identified, among which 74 ( 78. 7 % ) were in agreement with 1 : 1 mendelian ratio, and 20 ( 21. 3 % ) were distorted markers

    有94條片段在父本或母本中分離。卡方檢驗顯示74 （ 78 . 7 % ）個分離標記符合孟德爾1 : 1遺傳比例， 20個為偏分離標記。
  4. For example, a high proportion of nonfunctional sequence makes it unlikely that a functional element will be destroyed in a chromosomal crossover event, possibly making a species more tolerant to this important mechanism of genetic recombination

    例如，比例高的非功能排序就使得它在一次染色體搭橋事件中不太可能受到破壞，或許使得物種朝這個遺傳再結合的重要機制方面更有耐受性。
  5. The obtained results do not support a major gene for body mass index in chinese, the discrepancies between our study and previous studies may result from ethnic difference between chinese and other populations ; the general model provides the best fit to the data, while the environmental model is the second parsimonious model, perhaps due to complex mode of body mass index inheritance ; a moderate heritability estimate is found for body mass index ( h2 = 0. 313 ), lower than that of other populations, this is presumably due to the fact that aside from the influence of genetic bases, body mass index is strongly influenced by environmental factors and that there is a low proportion of obese individuals in samples ( only 4. 1 % individuals have body mass index > 30 )

    分離分析的結果表明， （ 1 ）體重指數不存在主基因分離，不同於在其他非中國人群中檢測的結果，說明存在種群差異性； （ 2 ）一般模型提供了最合適模型，環境模型是次之的嚴格模型，可能由於體重指數遺傳模式的復雜性所致； （ 3 ）中國人群中體重指數具有適中的遺傳率（ h ~ 2 = 0 . 313 ） ，低於其他人群中的結果，這是由於體重指數除了受遺傳因素影響外還受環境因素影響及樣本中低比例的肥胖個體（ 4 . 1的個體bmi 30 ）的原因。
  6. The percentage of polymorphic sites, degree of genetic polymorphism and genetic distance were compared and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by neighbor - joining method. the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) and the pcr products were directly sequenced after purified. these sequences, together with the homologous sequences of another trichiuridae species lepidopus caudatus obtained from genbank were used to analyze nucleotide difference and to establish a upgma phylogenetic tree by means of biological informatics

    汝us價ay1830 ）各12個個體進行rapd分析，對比多態位點比例、遺傳多態度以及遺傳距離，並構建neighbor - join噸系統樹;通過pcr擴增出線粒體165rrna基因，純化后直接測序，利用生物信息學方法進行序列分析和核昔酸變異比較，結合ge紅bar止中大西洋叉尾帶魚（ lepid （護腳caud玫tuseuphrasen1788 ）同源序列構建u甲cm叭系統樹。
  7. New delhi, apr 25 : impotency among indians is rising with one in every six persons becoming sterile due to various environmental and lifestyle changes and genetic factors, according to research conducted by the indian council of medical research ( icmr )

    新德里， 4月25日：根據印度醫學研究委員會（ icmr ）開展的研究顯示，由於環境和生活方式的諸多改變和遺傳因素，印度的性無能人口比例已經上升至1 ： 6 。
  8. Results showed that : ( 1 ) in general, the segregation ratios of target gene in some tl lines are conformed to 3 : 1, however, some are not possibly due to gene silence or missing in the self - pollinated progeny ; ( 2 ) two homozygous plants were identified from 10 putative transgenic plants

    主要結果如下： （ 1 ）我們對外源基因在番茄體內的遺傳規律研究表明，在大多數情況下，單拷貝插入外源基因將導致轉基因後代按孟德爾單顯性基因3 1規律分離，但是部分轉化系比例偏低，可能發生了基因丟失或者沉默。
  9. Using the vaiety egg ' s color limition of siverworm from romania and the black egg qingsong and by the crossbreeding, the egg ' s color and the egg number of f1, f2, f3 generations, as well as female and male proportion in black or white egg wene nvtigated after the quantity statistical analysis the gene and the gene heredity rule of egg ' s color limition, wene deriked the new system of white egg was kfained

    摘要利用羅馬尼亞引進的卵色限性品種與黑卵品種菁松，通過雜交育種，調查f1 ， f2 ， f3代的卵色及卵數，以及黑、白卵中的雌雄比例，經統計分析確定基因型，查明了卵色限性基因的遺傳規律，並獲得了新的白卵系。
  10. Simple genetic algorithm gets local minimization too easily and converges slowly. to solve these problems, adaptive crossover rate that has reverse hyperbolic rel ation with the numbers of iteration is designed, and adaptive mutation rate that has reverse proportion to the distances of parents and reverse exponential relat ion to the numbers of iteration is put forward. the practical simulation results show that the adaptive ga has greater convergence speed and larger probability o f getting the best solution

    簡單遺傳演算法存在著收斂速度慢、易陷入局部極小等缺陷.針對這些缺陷，本文設計出隨相對遺傳代數呈雙曲線下降的自適應交換率，並提出與父串間的相對歐氏距離成反比、隨相對遺傳代數指數下降的自適應變異率.實例驗證表明，具有自適應交換率和變異率的遺傳演算法在收斂速度和獲得全局最優解的概率兩個方面都有很大的提高
  11. Using a novel approach based on the measurement of the ratio of such rna molecules copied from gene copies which the fetus has inherited from the father and mother, professor lo and his team have achieved the noninvasive prenatal detection of downs syndrome

    盧煜明教授率領的研究組利用第二十一號染色體其中的一個基因所表達的核糖核酸（ rna ）分子，精密地計算出胎兒由父親及母親遺傳下來的核糖核酸分子的比例，成功進行無創性產前唐氏綜合癥測試。
  12. According to the principle of nutrient balance and water requirement in cotton, the sub - model for fertilization and water management was developed by integrating the effects of soil characters, variety traits and yield target. the submodel can make decisions on the suitable total nutrient and water rates and distributions among main growth stages, ratio of organic to inorganic nitrogen, and the ratio of base to topdressing fertilizer

    根據平衡施肥原理和棉花水分需求規律，在綜合考慮土壤理化特性、品種遺傳特徵、產量水平等因子影響的基礎上，建立了具有系統性和普適性的棉花肥料及水分運籌動態知識模型，模型可以完成肥料總量需求，有機肥與無機肥的比例、基肥與追肥的比例、追肥施用時間、水分需求總量及其在各個生育時期的分配等。
  13. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  14. Based on the genetic algorithm ' s global searching capability with probability regulation and euclid ' s space distance metric to settle multi - objective, the algorithm that integrates multi - objective ' s decision - making into the modified genetic algorithm to solute the optimal model with discrete variables and multi - objective is proposed. during the algorithm ' s design, the euclid ' s space distance metric is proposed to transform the multi - objective problem into single objective problem. and some modified measure to fitness function and crossover probability and mutation probability are used to improve the performance of the algorithm and avoid premature convergence

    演算法設計過程中，利用歐幾里德空間距離準則和罰函數法，將含有約束條件的多目標規劃問題轉化為無約束的單目標優化問題；針對簡單遺傳演算法出現的早熟，構造隨進化代數動態調整適應度的適應度函數和隨個體適應度自適應調整的交叉、變異概率；提出比例選擇與精英保留策略相結合的選擇、兩點交叉和簡單變異的改進遺傳演算法。
  15. The numerical solutions show the integer - coded ga is effective. when number of the discrete value between representation for binary coding and in discrete list ca n ' t be corresponded by one - to - one, integer coding is predominant, and better solutions are achieved under the same parameters. in chapter 5, ga is applied to configuration optimization of truss with mixed variables and topology optimization of truss with singularity

    通過算例表明，整數編碼的遺傳演算法是有效的，而且在二進制編碼所能表示的離散值個數與變量的可選離散值數目不能一一對應大連理工大學博士學位論文一時，整數編碼顯示了它的優勢，在相同的控制參數下，能夠得到比二進制編碼更優的結果。
  16. Through testing these aflp markers on the hybrids that constructed fe - efficient and fe - inefficient bulk, 18 loci were found maybe linked with fe - efficient trait and exhibited normal mendelian segregation. linkage relationships were established by the inheritance of the markers in the entire analysis population. these markers localized in the same linkage group

    它們在f1分析群體的分離符合1 ： 1的分離比例，通過這18個標記在整個群體的遺傳分析建立了連鎖關系，並用這18個標記對鐵高效性狀進行了基因定位，結果表明18個aflp標記位於同一連鎖群上。
  17. When someone with a susceptible genetic background encounters certain environmental factors, such as pesticides or other chemicals [ see box on this page ], the cells in that individual ' s substantia nigra suffer more stress and accumulate more misfolded proteins than do the same cells in other people

    當易發病遺傳體質的人碰了上某些環境因子，例如殺蟲劑或其他化學物質（見右欄環境元凶） ，這些人的黑質神經元，會比其他人更容易受逆境所傷害，摺疊錯誤的蛋白質也堆積得更多。
  18. Compared this with genetic algorithms, it brightens a promising future with practical examples in water supply and drainage design

    通過實例說明蟻群演算法的過程，並與遺傳演算法進行比較，表明蟻群演算法在給排水管網設計中有較為廣闊的應用前景。
  19. Dry matter accumulation trends of the each individual organ were predicted under the different condition such as varieties, densities, fertilizer applications and sowing dates

    並以收獲指數作為遺傳參數調節不同品種器官的干物質分配比例，預測不同品種、不同密度、不同施肥、不同播期下各器官的干物質積累動態變化。
  20. The higher values of heterozygosity and proportions of polymorphic loci of the natural population indicated that the natural resource of c. farreri in china was in good condition with higher genetic diversity. it is urgent to establish the effective measures to protect the resource

    櫛孔扇貝野生種群的多態位點比例和雜合度處于較高水平，說明我國櫛孔扇貝野生種群的遺傳多樣性水平較高，種質資源尚處于較好狀態，應制定相應的漁業生產和管理措施加以保護。
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