遺傳比率 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yízhuànbǐlǜ]
遺傳比率 英文
genetic ratio
  • 遺 : 遺動詞[書面語] （贈與） offer as a gift; make a present of sth : 遺之千金 present sb with a gener...
  • 傳 : 傳名詞1 （解釋經文的著作） commentaries on classics 2 （傳記） biography 3 （敘述歷史故事的作品）...
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  • 遺傳 : [生物學] heredity; hereditary; inheritance; inherit
  • 比率 : ratio; proportion; rate比率計 ratio meter
  1. The method proposed in this thesis do well in solving the problems of multi - damping - ratio - spectra simulation. it is convenient to obtain the pareto optimal solution set of the multi - object question by using implicit parallel genetic algorithms and the method can meet the practical needs for simulating ground motions coinciding with multi - damping - ratio - spectra in seismic design. the crossing rate and variance rate are important parameters of genetic algorithms which affect the rate of convergence, the adapting rate of cross and variation in this paper can auto - adapt and according to stand or fall of current sample, it assures the sample approach to the pareto optimal solution set in fast convergent speed

    較好地解決多阻尼比反應譜擬合問題；本文方法通過一次運行就能獲得一組具有集系特性的地震動，在擬合多阻尼比反應譜的人造地震波集系的模擬方面有傳統方法所不能比擬的優勢，產生的人造波或人造波集系可滿足工程抗震設計需要；在遺傳演算法中，交叉概率和變異概率是影響收斂速度的重要參數，本文採用的改進自適應交叉概率和變異概率，可以根據當前樣本的好壞程度來自動地選擇適當的交叉概率和變異概率，以保證演算法始終以較好的速度向pareto最優解集逼近。
  2. If the characteristic is governed by simple mendelian genes, the typical monohybrid and dihybrid ratios become apparent in the f2 generation

    如果其特徵取決于單一孟德爾基因，那麼典型的單基因雜種和和雙基因雜種的遺傳比率將在子二代呈現。
  3. As analyzed, ( 1 ) the rapd technique is highly sensitive to investigating genetic diversity in t. lepturus and e. muticus. t. lepturus exhibits lower polymorphism and genetic diversity than e. muticus ; ( 2 ) according to the analysis of the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene sequences, a very low intraspecific variation and considerably high divergence among species were found, which reveals a dual nature of conservatism and variability in mitochondrial 16s rrna gene ; ( 3 ) five primers generate the species - speeific rapd sites and these sites can be served as the molecular markers for species identification and ( 4 ) it can be proved at dna variation level that t. lepturus and e. muticus are of two species respectively pertainiag to different genera, which supported the nelson taxonomic conclusion

    分析結果表明: （ 1 ） rapd技術研究黃海帶魚和小帶魚的遺傳多樣性具有較高的靈敏度和檢出率，帶魚的多態比例和遺傳多態度均較小帶魚的低; （ 2 ）線粒體165出兇a基因序列在分析兩物種遺傳變異時表現出保守和變異的雙重特性，種內變異極小而種間較大: （ 3 ） 5個隨機引物擴增出種特異的ra衛d帶，可作為種間分子鑒定標記; （ 4 ）研究證實帶魚和小帶魚是不同屬的兩個種，從而在分子水平上支持了nelson分類系統的觀點。
  4. Heredity modes of 6 traits were studied by analysis of population genetics, by the method of family combination analysis, by the methods of proband ' s sib analysis, segregation analysis, the threshold model of polygenes, and analysis of typical family trees, according to the data of the 72 families. the relative importance between genetic and environmental effect on each character was evaluated by comparing the coherence of twins. gene frequencies of 5 genetic characters, calculated from han group in huhhot, were compared with other groups by u - test so as to study the population or nationality difference in heredity

    採用群體遺傳學分析、家系組合分析法、先證者同胞法、分離分析法及多基因閾值模式分析方法對所得家系資料進行了統計學分析，結合家繫系譜分析探討了上述6項特徵的遺傳方式；通過雙生子一致率的比較，對上述特徵的遺傳與環境效應的相對重要性進行了評價；計算了呼和浩特市漢族群體5對遺傳性狀的基因頻率，採用u檢驗方法與相關文獻報道的其他群體進行了比較，探討了不同種族間或民族間的遺傳差異性。
  5. The results of issr analysis is ppb = 66. 67 %, h = 0. 2089, i = 0. 3172. genetic diversity of issr is higher than that of allozymes. genetic diversity of d. pleiantha is higher than d. versipelis

    六角蓮的遺傳多樣性高於於八角蓮，等位酶的多態位點比率p為55 . 6 ， issr的多態位點百分率均為70 . 83 ，基因多樣性為0 . 2383 ， shannon多樣性指數為0 . 3576 。
  6. The engineering bacterium which carried bcih i - chi and i - glu cdna was pcg - ii. two methods of agrobacterium - mediated and gene gun were used to transformate long ya lillium. the results of pcr analysis and southern dot blotting hybridization demonstrated that the chi a nd glu cdna have been intergrated into host genome. at the same time ; compared agrabactenum - mediated method with gene gun method, the transformation frequency of the former was 16. 7 %, while the latter was 50 %, so gene gun transformation method was suitable for long ya liiliwn

    用攜帶有幾丁質酶基因和- 1 、 3葡聚糖酶基因的工程菌，通過農桿菌介導法和基因槍轉化法轉化龍牙百合，經pcr和點雜交檢測證明外源基因已經整合到植物染色體中。同時對農桿菌介導法和基因槍法進行比較，發現農桿菌介導法的轉化率為16 . 7 ，基因槍法的轉化率為50 ，因此可能基因槍轉化法更適于龍牙百合的遺傳轉化。
  7. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大
  8. This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship of 10 seed vigor traits in 12 wheat genotypes through variance, co - variance and path coefficient analysis, to determine broad - sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. the genotypes showed significant difference for all traits, except for percentage of normal seedling. genetic correlation between conversion efficiency of seed reserve, electrical conductivity with other traits were not significant, showed that selection for any of them might be possible without hampering any other traits. however path coefficient analysis indicated that conversion efficiency of seed reserve, seed reserve utilization ratio have strong direct effect in affecting seedling weight, and that mean germination time has significantly negatively correlated in affecting gi. moderate to high estimates of broad - sense heritability, genetic coefficient of variation and expected genetic advance were obtained for electrical conductivity, germination index, mean germination time, seed dry weigh, seedling dry weigh, seed reserve depletion ratio indicating the possibility for improving these traits

    本研究利用12個普通小麥品種對10個種子活力性狀的遺傳變異和相關研究，表明除正常幼苗百分率外，其餘種子活力性狀在品種間均存在顯著的差異.種子貯藏物質轉換效率、電導率兩個性狀間及與其它性狀均無顯著的遺傳相關，因此對他們的選擇不會影響到其它性狀.通徑分析表明幼苗干重主要取決于種子貯藏物質轉換效率、種子貯藏物質利用速率;發芽指數主要由平均發芽時間決定.電導率、發芽勢、幼苗干重、種子干重、發芽指數、種子貯藏物質消耗比率6個性狀表現中到高的遺傳力、遺傳變異系數和相對遺傳進展，指明通過遺傳育種手段改良這些性狀是可能的
  9. The main concern is the genetic effects due to irradiation of this organ and the probability is proportional to the absorbed dose

    在致癌方面，生殖腺對輻射的敏感性較低，主要的考慮是遺傳效應，發生率與劑量成正比。
  10. The probability of cancer induction in this organ is comparatively low. the main concern is the genetic effects due to irradiation of this organ and the probability is proportional to the absorbed dose

    在致癌方面，生殖腺對輻射的敏感性較低，主要的考慮是遺傳效應，發生率與劑量成正比。
  11. Increased ratio of reducing sugar to soluble nitrogen is associated with genetic resistance of peas to acyrthosiphom pisum.

    還原糖與可溶氮比率的增加同豌豆蚜蟲的遺傳抗性有關。
  12. The obtained results do not support a major gene for body mass index in chinese, the discrepancies between our study and previous studies may result from ethnic difference between chinese and other populations ; the general model provides the best fit to the data, while the environmental model is the second parsimonious model, perhaps due to complex mode of body mass index inheritance ; a moderate heritability estimate is found for body mass index ( h2 = 0. 313 ), lower than that of other populations, this is presumably due to the fact that aside from the influence of genetic bases, body mass index is strongly influenced by environmental factors and that there is a low proportion of obese individuals in samples ( only 4. 1 % individuals have body mass index > 30 )

    分離分析的結果表明， （ 1 ）體重指數不存在主基因分離，不同於在其他非中國人群中檢測的結果，說明存在種群差異性； （ 2 ）一般模型提供了最合適模型，環境模型是次之的嚴格模型，可能由於體重指數遺傳模式的復雜性所致； （ 3 ）中國人群中體重指數具有適中的遺傳率（ h ~ 2 = 0 . 313 ） ，低於其他人群中的結果，這是由於體重指數除了受遺傳因素影響外還受環境因素影響及樣本中低比例的肥胖個體（ 4 . 1的個體bmi 30 ）的原因。
  13. This paper firstly introduces the phylogeny and actuality of tide - power stations ; the development style of them ; and then, establishes the mathematics model of optimal regulation of tide - power stations ; narrates how to use eq, dynamic programming, genetic algorithm to solve the problem of optimal regulation of tide - power stations individually ; makes comparison of three kinds of methods, pointing out the excellence and weakness of each method ; discusses some particular problems of tide - power stations, differing from normal water power stations. besides, this paper uses vb to develop an optimal regulation software which can be used in all tide - power stations

    本論文首先介紹了世界潮汐電站的發展史及發展現狀；潮汐電站的建庫方案；然後建立潮汐電站廠內經濟運行和短期優化調度的數學模型；在此基礎上，進一步使用等微增率法、動態規劃法和基因遺傳演算法來求解潮汐電站優化調度問題，並對三種方法作了比較，指出各自的優缺點；論文也探討了潮汐電站優化調度中不同於常規水電站優化調度的特殊問題的處理方法。
  14. Simple genetic algorithm gets local minimization too easily and converges slowly. to solve these problems, adaptive crossover rate that has reverse hyperbolic rel ation with the numbers of iteration is designed, and adaptive mutation rate that has reverse proportion to the distances of parents and reverse exponential relat ion to the numbers of iteration is put forward. the practical simulation results show that the adaptive ga has greater convergence speed and larger probability o f getting the best solution

    簡單遺傳演算法存在著收斂速度慢、易陷入局部極小等缺陷.針對這些缺陷，本文設計出隨相對遺傳代數呈雙曲線下降的自適應交換率，並提出與父串間的相對歐氏距離成反比、隨相對遺傳代數指數下降的自適應變異率.實例驗證表明，具有自適應交換率和變異率的遺傳演算法在收斂速度和獲得全局最優解的概率兩個方面都有很大的提高
  15. Using a novel approach based on the measurement of the ratio of such rna molecules copied from gene copies which the fetus has inherited from the father and mother, professor lo and his team have achieved the noninvasive prenatal detection of downs syndrome

    盧煜明教授率領的研究組利用第二十一號染色體其中的一個基因所表達的核糖核酸（ rna ）分子，精密地計算出胎兒由父親及母親遺傳下來的核糖核酸分子的比例，成功進行無創性產前唐氏綜合癥測試。
  16. Based on the discussions of the conventional and recent methods of short term load forecasting such as time series, multiple regression approaches and artificial intelligence technologies, this paper presents a hybrid short term forecasting model which combines the artificial neural network ( ann ) and genetic algorithm ( ga ). in order to improve the convergence speed and precision of the back - propagation ( bp ), a new improved algorithm - the adapted learning algorithm based on quasi - newton method is given

    本文首先分析比較了電力系統短期負荷預測的傳統方法時間序列法和回歸方法以及最近的專家系統和神經網路技術的優點和不足，然後針對人工神經網路bp演算法的不足對其進行了改進，採用了基於擬牛頓的自適應演算法，它提高了網路學習效率，具有較快的收斂速度和較高的精度。接著提出了改進的遺傳演算法來改善神經網路的局部收斂性。
  17. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  18. The genetic diversity of p. sibirica, which is represented by 98 individuals collected from all 5 subpopulations, investigated with rapd markers. 77 loci were selected by fourteen 10 - mer primers, of which 76 were polymorphic. the percentage of polymorphic loci ( ppb ) of five subpopulations was 70. 13 %, 77. 99 %, 62. 34 %, 67. 53 %, and 61. 04 % respectively

    用rapd分子標記對叉毛蓬5個亞居群共98個個體進行了遺傳多樣性檢測， 14個10堿基寡聚核甘酸引物共檢測到77個位點，其中多態位點76個，多態位點比率為98 . 7 。
  19. Genetic algorithm ( ga ) is a simple, wide - used, and robust probability searching algorithm, compared to other optimizing methods, ga adopts some particular methods and techonolgies, and is easy to be mixed with other techniques such as neural network, fuzzy reasoning, so it has been used widely

    遺傳演算法是一種簡單，通用，魯棒性強的概率搜索演算法。與傳統的優化方法相比，它採用了許多獨特的方法和技術，並且易於和別的技術（如神經網路，模糊推理）相融合，從而應用范圍非常廣泛。
  20. Based on the genetic algorithm ' s global searching capability with probability regulation and euclid ' s space distance metric to settle multi - objective, the algorithm that integrates multi - objective ' s decision - making into the modified genetic algorithm to solute the optimal model with discrete variables and multi - objective is proposed. during the algorithm ' s design, the euclid ' s space distance metric is proposed to transform the multi - objective problem into single objective problem. and some modified measure to fitness function and crossover probability and mutation probability are used to improve the performance of the algorithm and avoid premature convergence

    演算法設計過程中，利用歐幾里德空間距離準則和罰函數法，將含有約束條件的多目標規劃問題轉化為無約束的單目標優化問題；針對簡單遺傳演算法出現的早熟，構造隨進化代數動態調整適應度的適應度函數和隨個體適應度自適應調整的交叉、變異概率；提出比例選擇與精英保留策略相結合的選擇、兩點交叉和簡單變異的改進遺傳演算法。
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