鑒定原則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiàndìngyuánzé]
鑒定原則 英文
identity principle
  • 鑒 : Ⅰ名詞1 （鏡子 古代用銅製成） ancient bronze mirror2 （可以作為警戒或引為教訓的事） warning; objec...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 鑒定 : 1 （評語） appraisal （of a person s strong and weak points） 2 （評定） appraise; identify; auth...
  1. Based on the frequent occurrence of international aerial crimes, the rampancy and cruelty of criminals and the reality of brutal consequence, the essay analyses the features of the crime of aircraft hijacking, the crime of imperiling international civil aerial security and the crime of obstructing international aerial navigation with the component terms from three important international conventions on punishing aerial crimes in order to help people to appreciate the appearance and the essence of typical international aerial crimes deeply, to regard the motion of the crimes and to overwhelm the offence forcefully. based on the core of the legislative status of international civil aerial security, the jurisdiction of the aerial crimes, one emphasis of the article is to clarify concrete clauses on jurisdiction in the three conventions and analyses the important principle of " aut reddere, aut punire ". based on the problems on the jurisdiction of crimes in international society, it quests the implementation of t he principles of jurisdiction, pleading and extradition in the three conventions deeply

    基於目前國際社會航空犯罪時有發生，犯罪分子猖獗狠毒，危害後果十分殘重的現實，本文從國際社會關于懲治航空犯罪的三個重要國際公約（東京、海牙、蒙特利爾公約）中規定的各種航空犯罪的定義入手，深入展開了對劫持航空器罪、危害航空器飛行安全罪、危害國際民用航空機場安全罪的犯罪特徵及其構成條件的分析，以期幫助人們更深刻認識這些典型的國際航空犯罪的表現及其實質，嚴密注視這些犯罪的動向，對其進行及時有力的打擊；鑒于國際民用航空安全法律地位問題的核心是解決航空犯罪的管轄權問題，本文重點闡釋了三個公約關于管轄的具體規定，並側重分析了「或引渡或起訴」的重要原則；鑒于目前國際社會打擊國際航空犯罪管轄方面存在諸多實際問題，本文對公約規定的管轄、起訴、引渡原則的實現方式作了深入探討；鑒于各國在國內立法上對于空中犯罪的懲治、對違約國的制裁、對這類犯罪的預防措施等方面存在一些漏洞，本文根據目前掌握的一些資料，在獨立思考的基礎上，提出了一些不成熟的看法及建議，以期對國際社會懲治航空犯罪貢獻自己微薄之力。
  2. Examination questions ' storehouses, which is about manipulative skills of customtailoring workers in apparel design, whose quality standard must be united, whose applied ability principles must best strengthened, and whose content and structure must be checked in designing appraise details of essential elements measure module ( appraisable particle ) check examination questions ( check item ), and take form united 、 norm 、 optional and open - ended the examination questions ' storehouse so that appraised and checked qualith of the manipulative skills can be guaranteed

    摘要服裝設計定製工操作技能試題庫必須堅持統一質量水平、強化適用能力的原則，通過設計考核內容結構鑒定要素細目測量模塊（鑒定點）考核試題（考核項目） ，形成統一、規? 、可選、可擴充的服裝設計定製工操作技能試題庫，以保證服裝設計定製工操作技能鑒定考核的質量。
  3. It consists of eight parts : from part one to part six the following are analysis and studies such as the definition and scope of products both at home and abroad, the definition and norms of judgement of the product defects, the imputation principle of pl, the subject of pl, the pl cause of counterplea, the compensation for damages of pl. etc. in part seven is a brief comparison between responsibility of quote and lawsuit limitation. and a conclusion is drawn from the above seven parts which will gives us some ideas about what we should learn and what will make it perfect for our pl

    第一部分至第六部分依次就中外產品責任法中產品的定義和范圍、產品缺陷的定義和判斷標準、產品責任的歸責原則、產品責任主體、產品責任的抗辯事由、產品責任的損害賠償進行了比較研究並就以上各方面我國產品責任立法必須完善之處分別在各部分進行了闡述；第七部分就產品責任訴訟中的舉證責任和訴訟時效進行了簡略的比較；結語部分就上述七部分我國產品責任法的可供借鑒之處和完善進行了結論性的綜述。
  4. The paper begins with the past and present development situation of china graduate education and then analyses the inevitability of sharing the graduate education cost. it introduces evolvement of the sharing education cost mechanism and the tuition policy and compares the sharing mechanism and tuition policy with different countries at different time. it also introduces and analyses some important theories of sharing graduate education cost mechanism and the tuition policy, with the current research results and from economics and demotics viewpoint it concludes the payment capability rules and profit capability rules of sharing mechanism which is to conduct establishing the policies of tuition and investment of education

    論文從中國研究生教育發展的歷史和現狀出發，分析了研究生教育成本分擔的必要性；並對研究生教育成本分擔機制與學費政策的歷史演變作了介紹，比較了不同時期國內外的分擔機制和學費政策；介紹並分析了研究生教育成本分擔機制和學費政策的幾個重要理論依據，借鑒現有的研究成果，從經濟學和社會學的角度，歸納出分擔機制的支付能力原則和收益能力原則，用以指導學費政策及其他教育投入政策的制定。
  5. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  6. The current public prosecution mode in our country took shape from the past whole case - examine mode in the base of the thinking to get ride of the drawbacks in the past. in practice, it has not only become effective and cause out a lot of new defaults, for example, the definition of the main evidence is not clear, the transfer range of the case files is unclear and the stipulate of the examine consequence is not enough. in order to reform and perfect the current public prosecution mode, we should regard the theory of the public prosecution as guide, combine our country ' s conditions, on methodology jump out of the circle relatively drawing lessons from the past, on the procedural theory, change the idea that the forejudge caused from the substantive examination and clarify the objective fact the current public prosecution include the essential substantive examination, in practice regard legitimacy, rationality and flexibility as the principle of law enforcement before the law to revise, in legislation define the concept of the main evidence clearly, add the regulation to dispatch the examine judge and the trial judge, regulate the treatment methods after examination and revise some rules about the summary procedure

    以公訴審查制度的訴訟理念為指導，結合我國的國情，對現行公訴審查模式的改革和完善，在方法論上跳出以往比較借鑒的圈子；在訴訟理念上改變過去庭審法官預斷必然緣于實體性審查的觀念，以澄清現行公訴審查模式包括必要的實體審的客觀事實；在實踐中以合法性、合理性和靈活性作為立法修改前的執法原則；在立法上明確界定主要證據的范圍是對證明犯罪是否成立起主要作用或有重要影響的證據，其中既包括有罪證據也包括無罪證據，增加規定公訴審查法官與正式庭審法官分立制度，補充規定對公訴審查后開庭審理之外的其它情況的處理方法以及對於人民法院在審理過程中發現不宜適用簡易程序的，取消原刑訴法應當按照一般公訴案件適用的普通審判程序重新審理的規定，改為由審理該案件的獨任審判員以外的審判員重新組成合議庭對該案件進行重新審理等。
  7. This paper, takes rli as an object of study, takes property rights relationship and management relationship of rural land as a main clue, takes raising the management benefit into full play of rural land and ensuring rural land sustainable utilization as objective, uses the theory of western institution economics and market economics for reference, adopts the method of study of combining macro analysis with microanalysis and combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, reviews systematically the developing process of rli in china since the founding of our country and the developing tendency of rli in the world, summarizes the influence law of rli to rural land management benefit, analyses the innovative mechanis m. institutive achievement and being faced with difficult position and gauntlet of the present rli in china, and defines the objective and following principles of rli innovation proceeding from the actual conditions of our country. on the basis of these, constructs the innovative models by stages of rural land property rights institution and management institution, which accords with the market economic law and the law by stages of rural economic developing levels and gives consideration to efficiency and fair

    本文以農村土地制度為研究對象，以農村土地的產權關系和經營關系為主線，以農村經濟發展水平（包括農村生產力發展水平和農村工業化、城鎮化水平）和農民的承受能力為依據，以最大限度地提高農地經營效益、確保農地資源的可持續利用為目的，借鑒西方新制度經濟學理論和市場經濟理論，採用宏觀分析與微觀分析、定量分析與定性分析、規范研究與實證研究相結合的研究方法，系統地回顧了建國后我國農地制度的演變過程及世界農地制度的演變趨勢，總結了農地制度對農地經營效益的影響規律，分析了我國現行的家庭承包經營責任制的創新機理、制度績效及其面臨的困境與挑戰，並從我國的實際出發，確定了農地制度創新的目標及應遵循的原則，在此基礎上構建符了符合市場經濟規律和農村經濟發展水平的階段性規律、兼顧效率和社會公平的階段性農地產權制度創新模式及其對應的經營制度創新模式。
  8. This dissertation makes it clear the application premise of the doe, and based on which expounds the limitations to the whole doctrine of equivalents and all elements rule, then suggests the organic combination of them. meanwhile, the dissertation holds that the subjective standard for evaluating equivalency should be " the average technician pertaining to this field ", the objective standard be " insubstantial difference ", and the time be at the time of infringement. in addition, the dissertation stands for the abolition of the unnecessary appointing rule in consideration of some problems existing in this rule

    在闡明等同原則適用前提的基礎上分析了整體等同理論和全部技術特徵原則的局限性，並建議將兩者有機結合起來；同時，主張判定等同的主體標準應是「所屬技術領域的普通技術人員」 ，客觀標準應是「非實質性不同」 ，判定等同的時間應以侵權日為準；另外，鑒于多餘指定原則存在諸多問題，主張廢除該原則。
  9. The author agrees with the dual - meaning doctrine, and defines the concept of criminal proof responsibility based on this doctrine. secondly, the author clears up the relationship between criminal proof responsibility and burden responsibility usually confused by our legal theorists and practicians, and points out that the two concepts are interrelated and mutually distinction. during the overall criminal process, the two concepts are the use of a phased process of dynamic change, with different subjects reflected in the various stages from an

    本文在對兩大法系的刑事證明責任對比的基礎上進行借鑒，並以此對我國的刑事證明責任的概念做出界定，在法學理論上對其分配問題進行了分析，認為無論是從我國現階段的經濟水平還是法律制度的發展水平來說，我國的刑事證明責任都應該以適合中國國情的可操作性為原則來進行分配，並且應該用經濟成本的眼光去看待這個問題的變化與發展。
  10. The calculation methods of shelters ’ capacity and the discount method of road capacity under the situation of emergency evacuation were given. then, taking emergency evacuation of the beijing 2008 olympic games as an example, we make out the emergency evacuation preplan for olympic games. on the aid of the advanced computer system simulation techniques, using emergency evacuation simulation software to animate the whole process of olympic evacuation for the fist time, and got some key parameters that can provide decision making supports for decision - makers, such as, the whole evacuation time, the average evacuation speed etc. and the simulation results were analyzed

    本文首先分析了我國大城市的交通狀況和突發事件發生狀況，在分析國內外應急疏散研究現狀的基礎上，借鑒國內外應對突發事件應急疏散的經驗和教訓，結合我國大城市突發事件應急疏散的具體特點，提出了大城市突發事件應急疏散研究的總體框架，提出了突發事件應急避難所和應急疏散道路的選擇原則，給出了應急避難所的容量計算方法和疏散道路在應急狀態下的道路通行能力的折算方法;然後以北京2008年奧運會突發事件的應急疏散為例，制定了奧運會突發事件應急疏散預案，藉助先進的計算機系統模擬技術，首次利用應急疏散模擬軟體orems對整個疏散過程進行了模擬，得到了總體疏散時間、平均疏散速度等可以為決策者提供決策支持的關鍵參數，並對模擬結果作了分析。
  11. Lastly, based on the defects of current system of the rights of starting the forensic examination in our country, the author gives some suggestions in order to perfect the relative forensic expertise systems. part three is on the rights in the process of doing the forensic examination. the author considers that the rights in the process of making the forensic examination are n ' t born rights, but second rights

    四是我國司法鑒定啟動權制度的完善，在對我國現行三大訴訟中的司法鑒定啟動權的現狀作了介紹和評價之後，在借鑒其他國家相關立法經驗的基礎上，提出了完善我國司法鑒定啟動權應當遵循的主要原則，主張在法院擁有司法鑒定啟動權的同時，賦予訴訟雙方以平等的司法鑒定啟動權。
  12. This text takes civi 1 responsibil ity of securities fraud as objective of study, and legislative and judicial experiences of other developed countries and regions as references. combined with the present situation of domestic securities market, via the comparison and analysis of the systems of civil responsibility of anti - securities fraud between domestic and abroad, and through the classified study of five typical civil responsibilities of securities fraud practices, we have precisely discussed the fundamental theory and the key points of civil responsibility of securities fraud, concluded essential formations of civil responsibility of securities fraud, and in the end, it proposes the legislative orientation, principles for civil responsibility of securities fraud, as well as suggestions for system improvement

    本文以證券欺詐民事責任為研究對象，借鑒世界證券市場發達國家和地區的立法和司法經驗，結合我國證券市場的現實，通過對中外各國反證券欺詐民事責任制度的比較分析，對五種典型的證券欺詐行為民事責任的分類研究，深入探討了證券欺詐民事責任的基本理論和難點問題，歸納論述了證券欺詐民事責任的構成要件，最後提出了我國證券欺詐民事責任制度的立法定位、立法原則及完善相關制度的幾點構想。
  13. Secondly, the author explains the contradiction of depreciated cost and risen price and regards rise in freight during luner new year ' s penod as coercion or exploitation of the other parry ' s unfavorable position. thirdly, the author analyses some problems of the model of formulating price

    其次，筆者對邊際成二下降與售價上漲的矛盾進行解析，指出春運期間提高票價實際是乘人之乞再次，筆者在借鑒國外有關定價原則和我國具體實踐的基礎上，對壟:二行業商品的定價模型中的問題進行闡達。
  14. 2. using the basic principle of the " pareto optimal " in economics, tbrough the analysis of the principle in revenue and using " edgeworth box " analyzing method as reference, two standards - - - - - the first and second theorem for effective revenue to evaluate the revenue quality both quantificationally and qualitatively are proposed in this dissertation

    2運用pareto最優原理，通過對稅收基本原則的剖析，借鑒edgeworth箱的分析方法，提出了定性和定量判斷稅收品質的兩個標準? ?有效稅收的第一、第二定理。
  15. It further supports the argument that government should offer the favorable policies to the investment and financing of marine ships. chapter v analyses the environment of the policies of china in the future, and then puts forward the goal and principle when making out future policies of china. finally it puts forward the concrete policy recommendations on the basis of referring to the policies of other countries, zhang han ( finance and accounting ) directed by professor shao ruiqing

    第五章「未來一個時期我國應確立的國際海運船舶投融資政策」 ，本章在分析與明確未來一個時期我國國際海運船舶投融資政策的環境后，根據我國國際海運船隊的現狀與存在的問題，提出未來一個時期我國國際海運船舶投融資政策的目標與制定原則，並在借鑒世界海運強國的政策的基礎上，提出了我國國際海運船舶投融資的具體政策建議。
  16. Certification of reference materials - general and statistical principles

    標準物質的鑒定.總則及統計原理
  17. The ca should take the liability of tort when the relying party suffers for its negligence. the onus of proof should be on the ca as it is a professional organization. also, as the ca runs a high risk, it is necessary to put a reasonable limitation on its liability

    通過比較借鑒專家對第三人的民事責任制度，筆者認為認證機構和信賴方之間沒有合同關系，二者間是一種「信賴關系」 ;在認證機構因過失對信賴方造成損失時，認證機構應承擔侵權責任;因為認證機構的專業性，故應適用過錯推定原則;又因為認證機構的高風險性，故還應對其責任進行合理限制。
  18. By reference to knowledge of the science of law and economics, the thesis holds that the rule of imputation of the cpas " civil liability is fault liability, and it should adopt the rule of presumptive fault for false statement in securities market

    借鑒經濟學理論，注冊會計師民事責任適用過錯責任的歸責原則，在證券虛假陳述的具體運用中，宜採用過錯推定原則。相應地，注冊會計師民事責任實行舉證責任倒置原則。
  19. Based on the comparison and analysis of the theories and practices of professional liability of both domestic and abroad, this thesis analyses the definition, characters and catalog of “ professional ”, the scope of “ third party ” and focuses on the doctrine of “ assumption of fault ”, the identification of “ negligence ” and “ the causation relation ” in a professional ’ s tort by negligence. this thesis also discusses how to reasonably limit the professional ’ s liability taking the high risk of the profession into account and proposes the professional liability insurance

    通過比較分析國內外的理論和實踐，本文論述了專家的概念、特徵和分類，第三人的范圍;並重點論述了「專家過失」侵權時適用的過錯推定原則，以及對專家「過失」 、 「因果關系」的具體認定;鑒于專家行業的高風險性，文章還對如何合理限制其責任進行了探討，主要論述了專家責任保險制度。
  20. It is of significance to exclude ordinary fault from the objective important conditions of identifier ' s tort responsibility. the principle of judicial identification tort imputation is stricter than that of fault imputation or fault presumption. that is called strict responsibility principle

    鑒定入侵權責任主觀要件排除一般過失，具有特別重要的意義，與此相適應，司法鑒定民事侵權歸責原則是比過錯歸責原則或過錯推定原則更為嚴格的歸責原則，即嚴格責任原則。
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