零和競爭 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [línghéjìngzhēng]
零和競爭 英文
zero-sum game
  • 零 : Ⅰ數詞1 （零數） zero2 （數的空位） zero sign （0）; nought 3 （表示沒有數量;無） nil; nought 4 （...
  • 和 : 和動詞（在粉狀物中加液體攪拌或揉弄使有黏性） mix （powder） with water, etc. : 和點兒灰泥 prepare some plaster
  • 競 : 動詞（競爭; 競賽） compete; contest; vie Ⅱ形容詞[書面語] （強勁） strong; powerful
  • 爭 : Ⅰ動詞1 （力求得到或達到; 爭奪） contend; vie; compete; struggle for; strive 2 （爭執; 爭論） argu...
  • 零和 : zero sum
  • 競爭 : compete; vie; contend
  1. In reference to the practical changes in the deregulated markets of the advanced countries in the area of europe, america and asia and the countermeasures of the countries, combing with the problems encountered in the marketing and sales practice of the panzhihua brach of sinopec, the paper applies the swot analysis method, rationally analyzes the outside environment and inside conditions. according to the characterizes of gasoline resources, and the market situation after it transformed from the monopolistic style of planning economy to the monopolistic competition style, the paper also analyze the strengths and weakness of the industry brought by the forthcoming event of the permission of the wholesales market of gasoline. based on the above analysis, the paper posits the marketing strategic objectives and measures as follows : ensuring the management of suppliers, adding the retail and direct sales network, improving operating qualities, making the customer relationship management and realizing the multi - benefits of company and customers

    本文在營銷理論的基礎上，通過親身經歷，調查了解，深入研究了成品油在國際、國內市場中過去、現在的市場狀況和發展歷程，參考國際上歐美及亞洲發達國家先期放開成品油管制後市場的實際變化和應對措施，以及結合中石化攀枝花公司營銷工作中存在的問題，理性分析營銷外部環境和內部條件，運用swot分析法，根據成品油能源特點，就成品油市場從計劃經濟的壟斷形式轉向目前國際國內市場競爭的壟斷性競爭的形式后，對成品油批發市場即將準入后的優劣、利弊進行了分析和研究，提出了「作好供應商管理，增加零售和直銷網路、提高經營質量，充分做好客戶關系管理，實現公司和客戶共同成長」的營銷戰略目標和戰略措施。
  2. Till now, our retailing companies have been improved greatly. but facing furious competition of foreign retailing magnates, chinese retailing industry has obvious disparity, such as lower industry concentrating level, smaller corporation size, lower technical content, behindhand marketing concept. so they desiderate to enhance corporations " core competence

    隨著wto后零售業的全面對外開放，與外資零售巨頭相比，我國零售業存在著產業集中度低、企業規模小、科技含量低，營銷理念滯后等明顯差距，迫切呼喚先進的營銷理念和經營手段來縮小差距，提高企業市場競爭力。
  3. Compared the equity structure and corporate governance of listed company of our country with countries such as u. s. a, japan and germany, and by game theory, this dissertation analyzes the influence mechanism of equity structure to corporate governance of a listed company from following main respects : stimulation, restriction, take - over by other company, and competition of dealership. by theoretical research, it comes to that a comparatively centralized equity structure helps to perfect corporate governance ; for its fierce competition and stability of performance, we choose the data of the industry of wholesale and retail trade listed companies of our country to analyze the influence that equity structure made to corporate governance by regression analysis, and approve it by real case. by the theory and real example, we draw the conclusion that a mode of comparatively centralized equity and main power is controlled by fictitious persons is ideal, and correspond measures are put forth to advance the economic development of our country

    本文通過對我國、美國、日本利德國等發達國家的上市公司的股權結構利治理模式比較；通過採用博弈論等方法分析了上市公司股權結構對公司治理的激勵機制、監督機制、外部接管市場和代理權競爭四個方面的影響，從理論上得出相對集中的股權結構有利於完善公司治理結構：通過選取了我國競爭比較激烈、業績相對穩定的批發與零售行業的上市公司的數據、採用回歸分析的方法對不同性質和集中度的股權結構與公司業績的關系進行了實證分析，還進行了具體的案例分析，由理論利實證研究相結合得出股權結構相對集中的法人控股模式為一種理想模式，並提出了促使我國上市公司股權結構調整使治理結構合理化的相應建議。
  4. With the acceleration of economic globlization, the purchasing globlization of automobile parts is becoming the necessitous trend of automobile manufacture industry. from accessing to the wto in 2001, chinese automobile industry had been brought into the international distribution rapidly. chinese motor spare parts enterprises meet new development opportunity. meanwhile, following the canceled and weaken of tariff and non - tariff wall, the motor ' s parts market boundary between domestic and international is very weak. the domestic enterprises are forced to take part in the international competition

    2001年中國加入wto以後，中國汽車工業已被迅速地納入國際分工體系之中，中國境內的汽車零部件企業迎來了新的發展機遇；另一方面，隨著各種關稅和非關稅壁壘的減弱和消失，汽車零部件的國內、國際市場界限已非常的模糊，中國境內的汽車零部件企業將被迫參與國際競爭。
  5. For solving all these problems, through applying visualization technology of engineer design to the design of oil - feed unit, this paper constructs the entity model of oil - feed unit, establish the three - dimensional standard parts, implement the semi - automated and automated connect, and produce automatically the 2d or 3d part drawings. using this system the designer can observe and evaluate the space model of the unit, discuss the feasibility of space layout and the probable errors, so that the decision can be optimized and the competition of enterprise can be improved greatly

    針對船舶供油單元設計、製造中的上述問題，本系統擬將工程設計可視化技術應用於船舶供油單元的設計，構造船舶供油單元的三維實體模型，建立三維標準件庫，實現管路的自動、半自動連接，自動生成管路的二維和三維零件圖，使得設計人員在設計階段就可觀察、評判單元的空間模型，直觀地探討空間布置的合理性和存在的問題，從而幫助決策的優化，提高企業競爭力。
  6. With a view to enhance the employability and competitiveness of people with disabilities through pre - employment training and work placement, the selective placement division of the labour department has launched the work orientation and placement scheme wops in april 2005. the scheme also aims to encourage employers to better understand the working abilities of people with disabilities

    勞工處展能就業科自二零零五年四月推出就業展才能計劃，透過職前培訓和試工機會，以提升殘疾人士的就業競爭力，並鼓勵僱主親身體驗及了解他們的工作能力。
  7. This paper from the actual situation has analyzed the integer status of our banking, and mostly discussed the superior and inferior of the nation owned single proprietorship bank of commerce of our country after we joined wto, and sums up that the nation owned single proprietorship bank of commerce of our country should take reforms in the finance system, pattern of management, and strengthen the credit risk management, expand retailing positively and construct the networking bank such as positive effective countermeasure so as to compete with the foreign banks

    該項研究，從實際出發，充分論述和分析我國銀行業的整體狀況，通過重點論述加入wto后，我國國有獨資商業銀行在競爭中具有的優、劣勢分析，總結出我國國有獨資商業銀行作為我國銀行業主體應該在金融體制改革、經營模式轉換，加強信貸風險管理，積極發展零售業務，構建網路銀行等方面，採取積極有效對策，同外資銀行進行競爭。
  8. Chapter two " impacts of china ' s accession to wto on retail industry " analyzes : the influence of accession to wto on domestic retail industry ; pressure from international business capital due to its advantages of capital strength, scale and advanced business pattern ; competition pressure from low profit criterion of supermarket business ; pressure from the management advantage of international business groups. chapter three " development strategy for retail industry after china ' s accession to wto " studies the development strategy for china ' s retail industry after accession to wto : formulating relevant laws and policies for foreign capital introduction as soon as possible ( asap ) ; working out plans for establishment of large - scale supermarket network asap ; developing multiple business patterns with mainstay business as the focus ; developing chain store business to bring about scale efficiency ; accelerating of modern enterprise institutional reform ; promoting scientific management level of retail enterprises ; setting up scientific and overall marketing concept, further strengthening sense of market orientation ; attaching greater importance on resources of talented persons and commodities ; making full use of information technologies, implementing e - commerce mode in retail enterprises ; actively exploring northwest china and developing new market

    文章第二章「中國加入wto對零售業的沖擊」從中國零售業對外開放的歷史入手，簡要介紹了中國加入wto對國內零售業的影響，指出加入wto后，中國零售業可能面臨以下幾個方面的沖擊：國際商業資本在資金、規模和業態的先進性上所帶來的壓力；規模擴張壓力，即中國連鎖超市受到了投資規模擴張的資金壓力；超市行業低贏利水準的競爭壓力；國際商業集團在管理上的優勢對中國零售企業的壓力；新的管理理念、服務方式進入所帶來的沖擊；現代商業觀念的引進打破了中國商界固有的思維；國際經濟一體化程度的提高不斷促使中國零售業的絕對利潤和相對利潤下降；我國零售業網點的不足以及布局的不合理；零售業的信息革命所帶來的觀念沖擊。
  9. This dissertation investigates both existence of traveling wave solutions for delayed reaction diffusion systems and lattice differential equations, and global attractor of spatially discretized fitzhugh - nagumo equations with dirichlet or neumann boundary conditions. for delayed reaction diffusion systems, the existence of traveling wavefronts in diffusive and coorperative system with time delays is provided, firstly ; the monotone iteration scheme, together with upper - lower solution technique, is applied to establish the existence of traveling wavefronts of delayed reaction diffusion systems with some zero diffusive coefficients. secondly, schauder fixed point theorem is applied to some operators to prove the existence of traveling wave solutions in a properly subset equipped with exponential decay norm, which is obtained from a pair of upper and lower solutions for delayed reaction diffusion systems with non - quasimonotoiiicity

    對于時滯反應擴散方程，我們先利用吳建宏和鄒幸福[ j . dynam . diff . eqns2001 （ 3 ） ]中的主要定理來研究時滯競爭擴散lotka - volterra系統波前解的存在性，給出了這個定理在非線性項滿足弱擬單調條件（ qm * ）時在系統情況中的應用；並利用單調迭代方法和上、下解技術，對于具有部分零擴散系數的時滯反應擴散方程建立波前解的存在性定理，對于具有部分零擴散系數的時滯反應擴散方程建立波前解的存在性定理。
  10. Rapid prototyping technology changed the traditional pattern of product design, which could offer product sample for the designer, reduced design cycle and quicken the schedule of new product design, and it gave the decision - makers visual feeling. ; rp technology provided kinds of molds including resin - boncled mold laminate mold, investment mold and lost foam casting mold and so on for sand casting investment casting and cavityless casting, it could also use direct shell production casting to make pattern dies metal dies die - casting dies injection dies directly, and it could even produce casting products in small scales. the applications of fdm technology in plaster precision casting and the rapid casting technology based on sls technology were introduced, the organic combination between rapid prototyping tecnnology and foundry process, which initiated a new period of rapid manufacturing metal parts, by using advanced new technology alternated traditional foundry industry to make it looked brand - new, thus, the competition of foundry industry would be improved ; rapid prototyping technology offered a rapid economical feasible technical method, common processes of using rapid prototyping technology to produce dies were discussed, in the paper it explored that. the problem of combining rapid prototyping technology with electric arc metal - spraying technology to make metal dies and technics in dies manufacturing of combining rapid prototyping technology with precision casting, rapid tooling based on rapid prototyping, integrated advanced new technology and tradition technology of rapid prototyping manufacture, each superiority were exerted, rapid prototyping technology had been an efficiency measure to rapid update products and develop new product, and to middle -

    快速成型技術改變了傳統的產品開發模式，可以為設計者提供產品樣件，縮短設計周期，加快新產品的開發進度，為決策者提供直觀性；快速成型技術迅速提供砂型鑄造、熔模鑄造、實型鑄造用的各種模樣，包括樹脂模、層壓模、熔模和消失模等，還可採用直接制殼鑄造法直接製造熔模鑄造用的壓型、金屬型、壓鑄型、注塑模，甚至直接製造小批量鑄件，介紹了熔積成型技術在石膏型精密鑄造上的應用和基於選擇性激光燒結技術的快速鑄造技術，快速成型技術與鑄造工藝的有機結合，開創了快速製造金屬零件的新階段，對用高新技術改造傳統的鑄造工業，使其面貌煥然一新，增強鑄造行業的競爭能力；快速成型技術為母模的製造提供了一條快速、經濟、可行的技術途徑，討論了利用快速成型技術製造模具的一般工藝方法，探討了將快速成型技術與金屬電弧噴鍍技術結合起來快速製造金屬模具問題，以及快速成型技術與精密鑄造技術相結合的模具製造工藝，基於快速成型製造的快速模具技術，集成了快速成型製造高新技術和傳統技術，發揮各自優勢，已成為產品快速更新換代和新產品開發及中、小批量生產的有效手段之一。
  11. It is argued that the chain of retails and wholesales in chinese rural areas may help lower the price, and thus enhance the strength of management

    摘要在我國農村批零業態發展連鎖經營可產生低價格優勢，提高其經營管理水平和競爭優勢。
  12. This paper has defined the strategic measures such as the strategic mission and strategic objective and strategic step and organization innovation, technological innovation, marketing, capital operation and manpower resources management to yitong through analysis the currents situation such as the basic situation and main characteristics in the present stage, and through trade through trade backgrounds analysis such as the current situation of the auto spare part and the impact on auto spare part trade after china accession to thewto, and the goal market and swot analysis such as the characteristics and competition situations to auto stencil plate and air springs

    本文以湖南易通汽車配件科技發展有限公司為實例進行研究。通過對該公司基本情況和現階段的主要特徵等公司現狀分析；汽車零部件的現狀和中國加入wto對汽車零部件行業的影響等行業背景分析；汽車鋼板彈簧和空氣彈簧市場的特徵和競爭狀況等目標市場分析以及swot分析，確定了該公司的戰略使命、戰略目標、戰略步驟，以及實施組織創新、技術創新、市場營銷、資本運營和人力資源管理等戰略措施。
  13. Xiamen xindeco ltd - one of the biggest public listed groups in china, is mainly engaged in business and trade, whole sale and retail, information technology service, transportation storage and real estate etc. with strengthening of market capability, we now have the massive and middle size chain stores of quality products in china

    為中國大型上市公司，主營商貿零售信息技術與服務倉儲和房地產等。近年來商貿力量不斷增強，具備了較強的市場開拓能力和競爭實力。公司擁有大型中型連鎖商場，產品檔位高，也為商貿的業務發展提供了良好的基礎。
  14. Zero - sum game

    零和競爭
  15. Finally, many managers subscribe to the common refrain that being " competitor oriented " means a zero - sum rivalry in which maximizing market share or winning a price war will naturally improve their firm ' s bottom line

    最後，管理者們贊成「競爭者導向」的普遍觀點，這意味著一場零和競爭，在此之中最大化市場份額或贏得價格站就會提高企業的業績。
  16. Combining the operation model of the power market, we give four patterns of the monopoly mode, the pool purchase competition, the open transmission mode and the retail competition mode, and discuss the development prospect of power market in china

    結合電力市場運營模型：壟斷模式、發電競爭模式、輸電網開放模式和零售競爭模式，探討了我國電力市場發展的前景。
  17. Different areas and different periods should be given different consideration. the operating models of the electric power market can be divided into four models : the monopoly model, the selling model, the wholesale competing model, and the retail competing model

    電力市場的運營模式依據發電、輸電、配電和供電四大領域中壟斷、競爭和選擇的程度不同，可分為壟斷型運營、買電型運營、批發競爭型運營、零售競爭型運營四種模式。
  18. Abstract : in this paper, we first review the situation and trend of worldwide and china ' s electricity restructure, we also give the basic characters of the four electricity industry structure : monopoly ; purchasing agency ; wholesale competition ; and retail competition

    摘要：本文首先回顧了世界性的電力改革趨勢和中國的電力改革情況，並從理論上分析了電力行業結構的四個模型的基本特徵，這四個模型分別是垂直壟斷模型；單一買者模型；批發競爭模型和零售競爭模型。
  19. More and more competition and challenge that never appeared before are coming in retail trade in china. the retail distribution channels has complicated and various development because of the competition between the traditional channels and modern retail channels

    中國的零售業正面臨前所未有的挑戰和競爭，傳統的零售渠道和現代零售渠道之間的競爭使得中國目前的零售渠道呈現復雜、動態和多樣的發展局面。
  20. Launching automatically, at the conclusion of the initial boot sequence or subsequent boot sequences, or upon connections to or disconnections from the internet, any non - microsoft middleware if a microsoft middleware product that provides similar functionality would otherwise be launched automatically at that time, provided that any such non - microsoft middleware displays on the desktop no user interface or a user interface of similar size and shape to the user interface displayed by the corresponding microsoft middleware product

    在雙方的汽車零部件貿易中，美國則有128億美元的逆差。 1993年7月，日本雖然同意談判解決汽車市場的開放問題，但實際上卻拒絕與美國進入談判程序。因此美國採用這樣的措施，要求日本向世界汽車商開放市場，而且要求日本市場應該具有相應的透明度和競爭性。
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