非生產性消費 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēishēngchǎnxìngxiāobì]
非生產性消費 英文
unproductive consumption
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 （人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來） give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 （創造財富; 生...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 消 : 動詞1 （消失） disappear; vanish 2 （使消失; 消除） eliminate; dispel; remove 3 （度過; 消遣） pa...
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 生產性 : productbility
  • 生產 : 1 （使用工具創造生產、生活資料） produce; manufacture 2 （生孩子） give birth to a child; childbi...
  • 消費 : consume; consumption消費城市 consumer city; 消費貸款 consumer loans; consumption credit; 消費方式...
  1. The multiplier effect, as economists call it, is low in view of the high import leakage, so that an expansionary fiscal policy would be less effective here than in less externally oriented economies

    用經濟學者的術語，便是乘數效應即公營或私人消費增加對經濟所產生的刺激作用偏低，因此與非外向型的經濟體系比較，香港推行擴張性財政政策的成效會較低。
  2. First of all, we summarize the view about financial development effects sector distribution of capital in the outcome of the theory of financial development, with that we set up and set forth three theoretical model : for one thing, we build up a two - sector - model about capital good and consumption good ; secondly, we set forth a two - sector - model about financial sector and industrial sector and find the endogenetic relationship of financial development, the sector distribution of capital and economic growth ; finally, we new - classical bring production function of galbis " model into endogenetic framework

    根據投資品與消費品兩部門模型得出了金融發展主要通過影響生產性部門的資本分配來促進經濟增長、且長期中消費品生產部門可以逐步趨于均衡經濟增長的結論；由金融部門與非金融部門模型得出了金融發展、資本部門分配與經濟增長內生循環的機制；最後，將加爾比斯模型的新古典生產函數納入了內生增長理論的框架。
  3. By unproductive labour, on the contrary, will be understood labour which does not terminate in the creation of material wealth ; which, however largely or successfully practised, does not render the community, and the world at large, richer in material products, but poorer by all that is consumed by the labourers while so employed

    第四節與生產性勞動相反，非生產性勞動是指不創造物質財富的勞動，無論多麼大規模地或成功地從事這種勞動，它都不會給整個社會和整個世界帶來更豐富的物質產品，反而會使物質產品減少，減少額等於被僱用來從事這種勞動的人消費的物質產品額。
  4. The breach in the capital of the country was made when the government spent a ' s money : whereby a value of ten thousand pounds was withdrawn or withheld from productive employment, placed in the fund for unproductive consumption, and destroyed without equivalent

    政府用掉甲的錢時，國家的資本已被毀掉，已從生產中提取了一萬鎊資金，轉用於非生產性消費，並把它毀滅了而未創造出等價物。
  5. In truth, it is only after an abundant capital had already been accumulated, that the practice of paying in advance any remuneration of labour beyond a bare subsistence, could possibly have arisen : since whatever is so paid, is not really applied to production, but to the unproductive consumption of productive labourers, indicating a fund for production sufficiently ample to admit of habitually diverting a part of it to a mere convenience

    事實上，只有在已經積累起大量資本以後，才有可能預先向勞動者支付超出最低限度口糧的報酬，因為付給勞動者的這種報酬，實際上不是用於生產，而是用於生產性勞動者的非生產性消費，這就需要有足夠充分的生產基金，將其一部分經常用於單純的享樂。
  6. So that again, without having had anything to do with the food of the labourers directly, the conversion by individuals of a portion of their property, no matter of what sort, from an unproductive destination to a productive, has had the effect of causing more food to be appropriated to the consumption of productive labourers

    這再次表明，無需直接對勞動者的食物做任何事情，只要有人將其一部分財產（不論是哪類財產）從非生產性用途轉變為生產性用途，就會使生產性勞動者消費的食物增加。
  7. Xinyu group added some establishments and improved management in new projects by the discover and investigation. using contrast and case analysis, social investigate, statistic research methods, this paper draw some conclusions, those conclusions are that the academy logistics organization monopolized the academy logistics market, that education welfare restricted income of apartment investment, and so on. so academy logistics originations maybe develop some payable services by the characters of undergraduate improve the benefits of apartment project

    本文採用對比研究和案例研究、社會調查與數理統計相結合、邏輯推導與實證研究相配合的研究方法，從調查和案例研究得出：高校後勤社會化機構具有一定能的壟斷性，並沒有受到真正的競爭；公寓投資收益與教育福利是相互約束的，進而對投資主體的投資回報產生直接影響；大學生接受公寓住宿是消費非理性的，或者消費非自主的。
  8. Resource gift theory which is as the theory basis to guide the people to search the economy growth will lead to the poorer of the poor country and the richer of the rich country. likewise, the theory cited to the problem of regional industrial economy growth will be bound to further enlarge the regions ’ disparity. after the appearance of the market integration theory, the flow of labor and other resource factor play a weaken role for the regional industrial economy disparity caused by the reason of resource gift

    並針對如上三個假說，選擇非參數生產率指數和paneldata回歸兩種計量經濟分析方法，通過使用1995 ? ? 2003年我國各地區的工業數據，以資本、勞動、效率因子、技術因子、省內及省際市場的消費需求和工業出口水平為解釋變量，以工業增加值為被解釋變量，建立了一個半對數線性paneldata模型，對市場一體化進程對地區工業經濟發展的影響進行了實證的分析。
  9. They regard that during the course of economic growth, money be able to affect the degree of economic growth once the income of money eventually influences consume and saving., in the economical theory field of our country, there are have different ideas. from the appearance, the diverge come from the outcome that who is the reason and who is the result

    為了彌補經濟增長理論的這一缺陷，西方經濟學界出現了貨幣經濟增長理論，該理論認為，在經濟增長過程中，貨幣是非中性的，貨幣的引入會改變均衡增長路徑；一旦貨幣收入對人們的消費和儲蓄產生持久性的影響，貨幣供給這一短期經濟變量就會對長期經濟增長產生實質性的作用。
  10. First, it leads to unproductive collocation of resources, covering direct investments and the relevant opportunity cost ; second, the rent - seeking part can establish monopolistic status if the deal succeed, which will then causes damage to social benefits and brings x - inefficiency ; what ' s more, rent seeking of firms leads to consumers " rent avoiding, and consequently, the firms will set to seek rent in a second circle just in order to protect their monopolistic status already established, circle by circle, the multiplying - effect will surely cause serious waste of social resources

    首先，租金交易導致資源的非生產性配置，這不僅包括尋租過程中資源的直接耗費，而且包括這些資源的機會成本;其次，租金交易成功，尋租人得以建立壟斷地位，壟斷進而引起社會福利損失和x非效率;再次，企業尋租引發消費者的避租行為，然後，企業將為維護壟斷地位開始新一輪的尋租活動，如此循環往復，這種乘數效應必然導致社會資源的嚴重浪費
  11. Mr. m answers : " according to the data of tests, it shows that it is safe to use jiayun brand oral treasure mouth wash since it has no stipulation, no toxicity and no teratogenicity. practically it also has a good taste. no users have had adverse reaction

    M先生答：從試驗數據看，佳運牌口腔寶沒有毒性刺激性致畸性等，非常安全實踐上講，該產品口感也較好，上市七年，從未發現有不良反應者，在消費者中口碑甚好。
  12. Based on the retrospect and review of existent literature, spatial monopolization and rival strategy are accepted but the angle discussing the effect that product differentiation works on cooperation will be changed from producer. by re - constructing function of consumer utility and introducing in consumer preference, the degree of product differentiation may be denoted by the degree of consumer preference. the influence that product differentiation works on critical discount factor d can be obtained by introducing in one - shot price game and repeated game, from which we can learn the influence that product differentiation works on cooperation

    圍繞bertrand悖論的所展開的爭論，為進一步展開對這一問題的分析提供了豐富的工具和背景知識，在對已有的理論文獻加以回顧引述的基礎上，保留原有的空間壟斷概念和競爭策略的同時，改變單純從生產者角度來論述產品差異度對企業合作的影響，重新構造消費者效用函數，引入消費者偏好，以消費者的偏好的大小來表示產品之間的差異度，通過單時期和無限期博弈模型來論證產品差異度（消費者偏好程度之比）對臨界折現因子的影響，進而論證其對企業間進行合作所產生影響；效用函數的引入使得價格和運輸成本不再是決定消費者購買的唯一因素，消費者對產品的選擇不完全取決于消費者的位置，這會導致企業間定價和市場份額的非對稱性變化。
  13. It is shown that the target export rebate system should be established through five facets : the reform of the value - added tax ( vat ) system, the setting of the rebate rate, the unification of the administrative measure of the export rebate, the optimization of the rebate fiscal burden and the strengthen of the administration of the export rebate, which can ultimately acquire the least rebate cost and the maximum rebate benefit. to be detail, first, the existing vat system should be reformed, the vat system should be transformed from the production model to consumption model and the administration of levying tax should be strengthened, which can establish a good basis for the optimization of the export rebate system ; second, after considering the national and international practical situation comprehensively, the suitable rebate rate which is combined " neutral and different " should be chosen, and a set of elastic system of rebate rate which has both relative stability and timing flexibility should be establish ed ; third, with the further deepening of the reform of foreign trade system and the gradual improvement of the ability of the administration of the export rebate, the existing two kinds of administrative measures should be gradually transited to the single measure - " exemption, credit and rebate " ; forth, the existing sharing measure of vat should be innovated, the new rebate burden system - " first rebate then share " should be built ; fifth, a set of stimulation and restriction system of export enterprises and tax authorities should be built to strengthen the administration of export rebate effectively

    研究表明，我國目標出口退稅機制需要從五個方面進行構建：即增值稅制度改革、退稅率設置、退稅管理辦法統一、退稅財政分擔優化和退稅管理的強化，最終方可達到總體退稅成本最低和退稅收益的最大化。更具體地說，一是改革現行增值稅制度，將我國增值稅制度由生產型逐步轉為消費型，並強化征稅管理，為退稅機制的優化奠定基礎；二是在綜合考慮國內國際實際情況的前提條件下，選擇適宜我國的「中性與非中性」相結合的退稅率，並建立一套具有相對穩定性和適時靈活性的彈性退稅率機制；三是伴隨著外貿體制改革的進一步深化和退稅管理能力的逐步提高，將現行兩種出口退稅管理辦法逐步過渡到以「免、抵、退」為主的單一管理辦法；四是改革現行增值稅共享辦法，建立「先退稅后共享」的新型退稅負擔機制；五是建立一套針對出口企業和稅務機關的激勵約束機制，有效強化出口退稅的管理。
  14. One of the important reasons is that market had changed from seller market to buyer market, which is guided by demands. different kinds of demands and the improvement of law ideology made the public get across that they should share high - level service. this made the public organizations who supplied public products change their management concept at once and conduct advanced management methods to meet public " s needs

    事實上，不僅盈利性的企業面臨著生存的威脅，非盈利部門（各種公用事業部門）也同樣感覺到了這股無形的壓力，一個重要的原因就在於市場已由原來的賣方市場轉變為以顧客需求為導向的買方市場，廣大民眾多樣化的需求以及法律意識的提高，使得其深深明白作為一個消費者或納稅人應該享受高水平的服務，這就使以提供服務為主要產品的公共部門也必須改進其管理理念、引進先進的管理方法來滿足公眾的這種需求。
  15. Our company choose the superior material to produce craftwork, and send the raw material sample to " the national geology examination center " to check the superiority and security of the original stone material, not the inferior stone appear on the market ; each consumer please pay attention to recognize good and bad

    我們公司生產的工藝品選料上盛，並送檢原料樣品「國家地質檢測中心」檢查原石料的優越性和安全性，非市面上出現的劣質石料；敬請各大消費者注意辨認優劣。
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