預算準則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùsuànzhǔnzé]
預算準則 英文
budget guidelines
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 準 : Ⅰ名詞1 （標準） standard; guideline; criterion; norm 2 （目標） aim; target Ⅱ動詞1 （依據; 依照）...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 預算 : budget1991
  • 準則 : norm; standard; criterion; rule; formula; square
  1. Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

    故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。
  2. Accounting for contingencies is one important part of uncertainty accounting ， contingencies widespread exist in enterprises ， as a special economic event ， with developments of economic ， financial relations is complex ， the contents of contingencies unceasing extend ， contingencies plays a more and more important role in financial accounting information and operation policy because theoretical and practical research of contingencies is late ， special data is little ， few pay a ~ ention to treatment of contingencies new accounting law points out that enterprises must explain contingencies arising from guarantees provided for the debit of other enterprises and pending litigation this is the first time that the law requests accounting treatment of contingencies accounting standard for business enterprises ： contingencies prescribes the recognition and measurement of contingencies and the disclosure of relevant information ， the standard is the first standard of contingencies ， improves the accounting treatment for contingencies and the disclosure of relevant information the standard will help us improve the quality of information disclosure the article is divided into five parts to discuss the first part is a general introduction of contingencies ， including the history, the classification ， the framework and so on ， all of which would help readers understand the basic concepts in the article the second part introduces recognition of contingencies ， including recognition condition and accounting of some contingencies etc the third part introduces measurement of contingencies ， including measurement principle and selection of measurement attributes the forth part introduces disclosure of contingencies ， including disclosure of contingent asset ， contingent liability etc the fifth part selects some enterprises financial report to analyse ， points out some problems of contingent disclosure ， gives some suggestions about disclosure of contingencies

    對于規范我國企業或有事項的會計核算和相關信息的披露問題，提高會計信息披露質量，保護投資者利益，具有重要的現實意義。本文試就或有事項的確認、計量以及信息披露略談一下自己的認識，對準則可能存在的不足之處提出意見和建議，並採用實證方法對上市公司或有事項的披露狀況進行了分析。本文共分五章進行論述，第一章是對或有事項的概括性介紹，包括或有事項的涵義、特徵、或有事項會計的產生、或有事項的分類以及或有事項會計的基本框架等，有助於讀者了解本文的一些基本概念；第二部分介紹了或有事項的確認，介紹了或有事項的確認條件和幾種具體或有事項的會計處理；第三部分介紹了或有事項的計量，包括或有事項的計量原則和計量屬性的選擇等問題；第四部分介紹了或有事項的披露，包括或有資產、或有負債、預計負債等的披露；第五部分選取了部分上市公司的年報進行實證分析，指出了我國上市公司在或有事項披露方面存在的問題，並提出了完善我國上市公司或有事項信息披露的建議。
  3. In the government accounting and reporting context, the muti - objectives of management accounting reflect different user ' s needs for costs in formation of government departments, management costs accounting standards should define the role of management costs accounting in government financial management, and clarify how to prepare the costs information related to budgeting, financial reporting, management controlling and decision making instructively, facing the conceptual conflicts among different dimensions of government management costs accounting

    摘要在政府會計和報告環境中，管理成本會計的多元化目標體現了政府部門成本信息不同使用者的需求，相應的管理成本會計準則需要明確闡述管理成本會計在財務管理中的作用，並指導性地說明如何提供與預算、財務報告、管理控制和決策制定相關的成本信息，也因此會面臨政府部門管理成本會計不同目標維度之間的概念沖突。
  4. By means of the orbit dynamics theory and other knowledge, author established mathematical model related to collision forecast, including space object orbit confirming model, space objects relative movement model, dangerous object distinguishing model and space object collision geometry relation model, etc. according to the mathematic model, author calculated the relative distance transformation rule along with time between the spacecraft and dangerous debris and established early warning rule

    依據航天動力學理論和其他知識，建立了碰撞預警相關的數學模型，包括空間目標軌道確定數學模型、空間物體相對運動數學模型、危險物體判定準則數學模型和空間物體碰撞幾何關系數學模型等，根據數學模型計算航天器和危險目標的相對距離隨時間變化規律，設定了預警規則。
  5. I forecasting assumptions and budgetary criteria

    I .預測用的假設與財政預算準則。
  6. A modified svm model, which can predict peak recognition theory, was proposed in this paper. this model can increase the weight of peak error in the loss function of structural risk minimization, thus improve prediction accuracy of hourly water demand peak

    本文提出一種能夠進行峰值識別的改進svm演算法，該演算法在結構風險最小化準則的目標函數中加大峰值誤差的權重，從而提高時用水負荷峰值的預測精度。
  7. The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable

    本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。
  8. Specifically, according to the w - w five parameters failure theory, the fracture criterion of crack is established, and the state of crack ( open or close ) is judged by the values of the crack strain. combining the two points, the predict - model about the failure of concrete material is established. this predict - model can predict 16 failure forms, and basing the different failure form predicted after crack, the stress - strain relationship matrix of concrete material is adjusted

    具體來講，根據w - w的五參數混凝土破壞理論，建立混凝土的開裂準則，根據開裂應變值來判斷裂縫是張開還是閉合，從而在兩者基礎上建立了裂縫的開裂預測模式，總共有16種開裂模式；裂后根據具體的開裂模式及殘余抗剪能力來調整混凝土的本構關系矩陣，即用等效剛度代替原有剛度，考慮到垂直於裂縫方向的剛度為零，這樣會使裂后的總剛出現病態，為此文中通過引用鬆弛系數來對出現裂縫的單元進行預處理，一方面可解決因過大的舍入誤差導致計算結果的不可信問題，另一方面就是可加速收斂。
  9. In chapter three, the general situation, major function, the circulation of major operations, the characteristics of outlays, the integral philosophy and principle of making budget ration standards of changjiang communication navigation bureau are introduced. in chapter four, the commonweal characteristic, the necessity of the existent of the changjiang communication special network, and the essential resources deployment are discussed. in chapter 5 and chapter 6, the processes of calculating the standards of budget ration and the use of the budget ration standards are introduced, and the outcome is demonstrated

    第一章導論，主要介紹了選題來源及背景、研究的主要內容、研究的意義、創新點、國內外預算發展狀況等；第二章相關理論，闡述了公共財政理論、預算編制理論等；第三章說明了相關理論在測定預算定額標準過程中運用，並闡述了測定預算定額標準的總體思路和基本原則；第四章介紹了測算長江通信導航局預算定額標準的方法和過程；第六章對預算定額標準進行了實證分析並說明了如何使用預算定額標準；最後一章總結了在測定預算定額標準的過程中應注意的問題，並探討了對未來預算定額標準測定工作的發展。
  10. The following are the more important budgetary criteria -

    下列為較重要的財政預算準則-
  11. The following are the more important budgetary criteria

    下列為較重要的財政預算準則
  12. Medium range forecast is a projection of expenditure and revenue for the forecast period based on the forecasting assumptions and budgetary criteria outlined in section i of this appendix

    中期預測是根據本附錄第部所載預測用的假設與財政預算準則，對預測期內的收支情況所作的推測。
  13. In addition to the above forecasting assumptions, there are a number of criteria against which the results of forecasts are tested for overall acceptability in terms of budgetary policy

    .除上述預測用的假設外，還有多項準則，用以衡量各項預測結果整體上是否與財政預算政策相符。
  14. In addition to the above forecasting assumptions there are a number of criteria against which the results of forecasts are tested for overall acceptability in terms of budgetary policy

    9 .除上述預測用的假設外，還有多項準則，用以衡量各項預測結果整體上是否與財政預算政策相符。
  15. The idea is that the microburst or windshear alerts passed by the air traffic controllers to the pilots should include the location i. e. runway or 1, 2 or 3 nautical miles from runway threshold of the first encounter of the microburst or windshear event i. e. first encounter and the maximum value of the computed wind speed difference i. e. maximum intensity

    這準則的構思是，所有經航空交通管制員傳遞給飛機師們的微下擊暴流預警或風切變預警，均包含首次相遇微下擊暴流或風切變事件的位置即跑道或離跑道入口兩端1海里2海里或3海里的地方以及計算風速差別的最大數值即最大強度。
  16. The idea is that the microburst or windshear alerts passed by the air traffic controllers to the pilots should include the location ( i. e. runway or 1, 2 or 3 nautical miles ( nm ) from runway threshold ) of the first encounter of the microburst or windshear event ( i. e. first encounter ) and the maximum value of the computed wind speed difference ( i. e. maximum intensity )

    這準則的構思是，所有經航空交通管制員傳遞給飛機師們的微下擊暴流預警或風切變預警，均包含首次相遇微下擊暴流或風切變事件的位置即跑道或離跑道入口兩端1海里、 2海里或3海里的地方以及計算風速差別的最大數值即最大強度。
  17. The reform of the financial budget management of our country, the influence of non - profit organization accounting in western countries and the defect that exists in the present accounting standard for public institutions are the main reasons for the accounting reform in china public institutions

    摘要我國財政預算管理制度改革、西方國家非營利組織會計的影響和現行事業單位會計準則制度本身存在的缺陷是事業單位會計改革的主要原因。
  18. The design criterions, modeling, precomputation, assignment and electronic component of reliability of the on - board embedded computer were analyzed

    研究分析了星載嵌入式計算機系統可靠性存在的問題、可靠性設計準則、可靠性建模、可靠性預計和分配以及元器件的可靠性技術。
  19. Abstract : in this paper the complex load distribution acted by running flood on a typical spandrel - filled arch bridge has been analyzed and calculated, and through a simplified mechanical arch model the corresponding innersetion forces are evaluated to render the safety check on the arch spaicial resistance

    文摘:從山洪形成破壞力的特徵入手，遵循橋梁結構所必備的維持平衡穩定的自身抗力，去抵禦山洪破壞力的準則，導出了拱橋抗禦山洪的設計驗算與預測模型，以期在實踐中提供安全設計或維護對策的借鑒
  20. The budget for locally made films is about $ 1. 5 million, so at $ 10 million, the stormriders was at the far end of the scale

    本地電影的製作費用預算大約是150萬，而《風雲》的製作費用則達到100萬，大大超過了一般的標準。
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