legal risk 中文意思是什麼
legal risk
解釋
法律風險-
This article consists of five parts as following : mortgage of uncompleted building was originated from the common law and the law of hong kong, so the paper probes into its meaning - the transformation of the specific property right ; when the debtor fails to perform his duty, the creditor can obtain the title determinately ; the debtor enjoys the right of redeeming the collateral security through fulfilling his debt, the creditor has the obligation of returning the property at the same time. secondly, the author summaries its essential feature on the practice of the real estate mortgage hi the mainland of china - the target of the mortgage is a kind of expective interest ; the mortgage is a kind of guarantee which is settled through making over the interests in expectancy ; the risk of the mortgaged uncompleted building should be borne by the realty company instead of the mortgagor ; the phase of the mortgage ; mortgage is realized in a particular way. thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the legal nexus that is involved, the paper points out that the legal ne xus of the mortgage is just between the mortgagor and the mortgagee
樓花按揭作為一種擔保方式起源於英美法上的mortgage ，所以本文第一部分首先探討了mortgage在英美法上的含義：特定財產權利的轉移；在債務人不履行債務時，債權人可以確定地取得所有權；債務人享有通過履行債務而贖回擔保物的權利，同時債權人負有交還財產的義務。其次，就我國的樓花按揭實踐總結了其基本特徵：樓花按揭涉及兩個合同三方當事人；樓花按揭的標的是一種期待性利益；樓花按揭是通過轉讓物業權益而設定的一種擔保方式；預售樓花滅失的風險應有開發商承擔；樓花按揭的階段性；樓花按揭實現方式的特殊性。最後，分析了樓花按揭所牽涉的各個法律關系，認為真正的樓花按揭法律關系只是購房人與銀行之間的按揭貸款關系，按揭當事人只有購房人（按揭人）與銀行。 -
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
The term " compliance risk " as referred to in the present guidelines means the risk of undertaking legal responsibility, supervisory punishment, financial losses or reputation losses as a result of an incompliant insurance operation and management behavior made by the insurance company or any of its employees and marketing staff
本指引所稱的合規風險是指保險公司及其員工和營銷員因不合規的保險經營管理行為引發法律責任、監管處罰、財務損失或者聲譽損失的風險。 -
The article discusses the law system and actual practice of outward bill financing on l / c. by means of combining theory and practice, the author makes clear the legal relationship about outward bill on l / c, putting up some designs of systems creatively, with intention of providing some suggestions for our commercial bank business in taking risk precautions, and promoting our country ’ s legislation in the related field
本文主要就信用證項下出口押匯融資的法律制度與實務作了較為深入地探討，通過理論與實踐的結合，理順了信用證出口押匯的法律關系，創造性地提出了一些制度設計，希望通過對本課題的研究，能對我國商業銀行的這一普遍業務，在風險防範方面提供有效的借鑒意義，並以期促進我國在相關領域的立法。 -
The legal problems of non - commercial risk insurance of the foreign investment
外國投資非商業風險保險的法律問題 -
The financial industry mainly involves the circulation of money and the credit activity, and it is the monetary fund collection and distribution center, in addition, our country ' s market economy is not developed and the correlation legal system is not perfect, therefore, the financial profession not only receive normal financial risk, but also is extremely easy to receive the illegal criminal offender ' s violation
金融業主要涉及貨幣流通和信用活動，是貨幣資金的集散地，再加上，我國的市場經濟不發達，相關的法律制度不健全，因此，金融行業除了正常的金融風險外，還極易受到不法犯罪分子的侵害。 -
In particular, a person is interested in a marine adventure where he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or may incur liability in respect thereof
一個人與海上冒險有利益關系，尤其是在他與該冒險或處在危險中的任何保險財產，具有任何法律上或衡平的關系，因而若保險財產安全或及時抵達他便能從中獲取利益；反之，如果保險財產滅失，損壞，或被滯留或招致有關責任，他的利益將受到損害。 -
And there exist many risk factors in the early stages of their development, and there ' re no earning records, so they ca n ' t be up to the standards of being listed on the main board for financing, then there is slim hope for their financing through stock market. ( 2 ) high - tech enterprises should take according measures in different development stages to ensure financing. when in the beginning, they ' d better carry out internal financing, closely linking individual risks and benefits through the legal form of solely - funded corporation and joint venture ; when in establishment stage and growth stage, they are in urgent need of the parti
（ 2 ）高新技術企業在不同的發展階段應選擇不同的對象，採取不同的方式進行融資：處于種子期，進行初始研究的高新技術企業，適宜實行內源融資的辦法，採取獨資、合夥等法律形式將個人的風險與收益緊密聯系起來；處于創業期和擴展期的高新技術企業，由於資本需求增大，經營管理的難度提高，需要風險投資家參與投資和參與經營；高新技術企業進入成熟階段以後，可以在證券市場上市融資。 -
However, because of stock market environment and legal constraints in china, domestic 50etf can not be permitted short selling, and does not have derivatives and futures mechanism for hedging risk
但由於我國證券市場環境和法律環境的限制，國內推出的上證50etf不具有借券賣空機制和期貨等衍生產品進行風險對沖等特點。 -
Asset securitization is a financial innovation that transforms illiquid assets into tradable securities. " risk - remoteness " and " credit enhancement " are two legal principles in ensuring the success of an asset securitization project
「風險隔離原則」和「信用增級原則」是保障資產證券化運作成功的兩項重要的法律原則。 -
Thirdly, different legal systems in different jurisdictions may result in legal risk
第三，由於不同地區有不同的法律體制，因而存在法律風險。 -
In the self - settlement business, there exists policy - legal risk, market risk and portfolio risk
自營業務面對的風險主要有政策法律風險、市場風險和經營決策風險。 -
On legal risk of real estate mortgage loans securitisation
論住房抵押貸款支持證券的法律風險 -
On legal risk and preventive counter - measures of intermediate business of china ' s commercial banks
淺議我國商業銀行中間業務的法律風險與防範對策 -
Security company should pay more attention to the business risk, including policy risk, interest rate risk, legal risk, politics risk and market risk
證券公司要重點關注的是經營風險，經營風險包括政策風險、利率風險、法律風險、政治風險、市場風險和信用風險等。 -
This paper starts with the current situation of china ' s financial computerization to grasp its developing trend, then analyzes the subsequent broad impacts on traditional financial risks and challenges to financial supervision, and at last puts forward a framework to effectively supervise financial computerizing risk and accelerate the financial development. this paper points out that, payment system modernizing, data centralizing, electronic banking applying, financial networking, and money electronicing are bound to boost financial innovation and cause fundamental changes to financial services, therefore affect strategic risk, operational risk, reputational risk, legal risk, and innovation risk greatly, which will bring about challenges to the principles, modes, measures, and contents of financial supervision
本文研究認為，我國金融電子化將呈現電子支付體系現代化、數據高度集中化、電子銀行應用廣泛化、金融業務網路化和貨幣電子化五大趨勢，極大推動金融創新的發展，金融業務模式發生根本變革，戰略風險、操作風險、信譽風險、法律風險等出現新的重大變化，金融風險的來源、范圍、結構、復雜性和影響程度極度擴大，傳統的監管原則已不再適應金融業發展的需要，監管方式必須向非現場監管和現場檢查的有機結合轉變，原有的監管手段失效，金融監管的內容也有了更廣泛的內涵。 -
The appearance of the financial derivative has facilitated the financial transaction, and reduced the transaction cost, while improving operational efficiency of the finance, but at the same time its speculativeness and high risk has already caused the extensive concern of the international community by a series of financial incidents that it brought about, therefore understanding the meaning and characteristic of the financial derivative, analyzing the cause of the finance derives origin and precaution of the financial derivative ' s legal risk in trade is very important
摘要金融衍生工具的出現方便了金融交易，降低了交易成本，但在提高金融運行效率的同時，由於其高投機性和高風險性的特點以及由其誘發的一系列金融事件已引起國際社會的廣泛關注，因而了解金融衍生工具的含義和特徵，分析全融衍生交易中的法律風險成因並進一步探索如何對其進行法律風險防範有著極其重要的意義。 -
Promote construction of general legal advisor institution, take countermeasures for prevention of legal risk
如何加強和改進國有企業法律顧問制度建設 -
Disclose the legal risk of the engagement to the client objectively and honestly, protect the legal rights of the client fully
遵循誠實信用原則，客觀地向客戶提示委託事項的法律風險，切實充分地維護客戶的合法權益。 -
There are others - settlement risk, " herstatt " risk, exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, legal risk, reputation risk, for example - and many of these are only talked about among bankers and bank supervisors
除此以外，尚有結算風險赫斯特風險匯率風險利率風險法律風險及信譽風險等其他風險，不過大部分這些風險只有銀行家及銀行監管機構才會談論。
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