liability structure 中文意思是什麼
liability structure
解釋
負債結構-
The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data
第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。 -
Based on these defects, the article put forward some legal countermeasures to perfect the acclp for nine aspects in order to motive the acclp " s successful conduction. the nine aspects are : borrowing the western countries " acclp " s advanced experience ; building up the correct concept of acclp, decentralizing the high - centralized stockholder " s structure, re - distributing the power of company " s institutional framework and establishing the legal proceedings system during the stockholders in order to protect middle and little stockholder " s profits ; joint liability for guarder " s of the board and legal person " s personality deny system ; improving the framework of the board of directors ; perfecting the market mechanism
在此基礎上，本文從借鑒發達國家公司法人治理結構的先進經驗；樹立公司法人治理結構的正確理念；分散高度集中的股權結構；重新配置公司內部權力結構；建立股東代表訴訟制度，保護中小股東的利益；建立監事（會）連帶賠償制度；建立公司法人人格否認制度；改善董事會結構；完善市場機制等九個方面提出了完善我國公司法人治理結構的法律措施，以便推動我國公司法人治理的順利進行。 -
The main disadvantage of this trading structure, however, is the unlimited liability of the sole trader
這種架構的壞處當然就在於個體經營者的無限責任。 -
Expounds the five main aspect of risk in national commercial bank, i. e. signal liability structure, bad loan quality, low capital efficiency, imperfect restriction on interior power, thin consciousness on risk avoidance ; summarizes five characters of the bank risks, including risk concentration, moral risk, risks caused by system structure, inequi ty between bank risks and revenues, aggrandizement trend of bank risks ; analysis eight reasons for bank risks, including proprietary ownership voidance, macroeconomic fluctuation, ineffective capita ] buffer mechanism, enterprise reasons. no synchronous fiscal investment and financial reform, incompetence law and regulation enforcement. chapter4 argues the opportunities and challenges of the financial globalization and requirement for bank risk managem ent. chapters suggests the methods for the risk management of national commercial bank
緊接著在第三章闡述了我國國有商業銀行風險的「五大表現」 ，即負債結構單一、信貸資產質量差、資本充足率低、內部控制機制薄弱、防範風險的意識淡薄；總結了我國國有商業銀行風險的「五大特點」 ，即風險高度集中、風險人為匿藏、風險的體制性、風險與收益嚴重不對稱、風險呈繼續擴大態勢；剖析了我國國有商業銀行風險形成的「八大因素」 ，即金融產權「人格」虛設、宏觀經濟波動、資本金等緩沖機制不健全、財政、投資和金融的體制改革不配套、法律和法規不健全等。 -
Comparing the two corporate organizational structure, the author suggests the choice of company of limited liability considering the real situations in gdmehco
並在對比分析兩種公司制組織形態的特點和優缺點的基礎上，結合省醫保的實際情況，提出了有限責任公司的改制形式。 -
They are all large - size and model companies taken as models, but not include companies which are unlimited liability and limited partnerships, because these are obvious differences on ideas of governance between the two kinds of companies. the former is based on the governing structure of legal person, adapts to modernization mass - production. but the latter is a kind of enterprise form based on human credit and reputation and it is identical to simple family and single house labor
另外還需特別指出的一點是，本文選擇研究的公司是以現代股份有限公司為藍本的大型規范公司，而不包括規模較小的無限公司和兩合公司，因為這兩類公司的治理理念是有顯著差異的，前者以法人治理結構為基礎，是與現代化大生產相適應的，而後者以人的結合為基礎，是與簡單的家族、家庭生產相一致的企業型態，它強調的是靈活與高效原則。 -
Combining operation of new way of safety management in hengdaohezi branch of train affairs, the thesis explains some new methods, such as adding up of a hundred safety marks, check of joint liability and linear management, and analyzes thoroughly management information system of safety statistics for branch of train affairs in analysis on system demand, analysis on system structure and function, and analysis on system data and data process. in the system, data standard of two " two violation " accident of workers and leaders is classified into three levels a, b and c, which is convenient to computer management
2 、結合橫道河子車務段安全管理新辦法的實施，論述了安全百分累計、連帶考核、線性管理辦法的基本思路和內容，從系統需求分析，系統組織結構與功能分析，系統數據與數據流程分析等方面，對車務段安全統計管理信息系統進行了詳細分析設計，將職工、幹部「兩違」事故數據標準分為a ， b ， c三類，便於使用微機管理。 -
Be opposite this of 1992 cloth " labor law " revise share 44, new after revising " labor law " have the following characteristic : suited to build the real case that realizes formal diversity with the adjustment that develops structure of system of socialist market economy, economy, state ownership already, highlight again was aimed at increasingly complex and changeful working relationship ; the maintenance that highlighted labour union function, made clear workers congress system and collective contract system shift of power of these two main thought, aggrandizement labour union organizes construction, organize broad worker in labour union to provided legal basis and safeguard for utmost ground ; increased the protective strength to labour union cadre, aggrandizement specific safeguard, make labour union cadre ok more the function that fulfils his duty to fulfill labour union responsibly ; protected labour union to produce bridge and bond effect better, fulfilled labour union to share politics, economy, culture and the approach that the society lives, made clear the essential mechanism that labor of labour union mediate concerns ; those who made clear union funds capture range, aggrandizement of union funds capture strength, ensured labour union to organize the necessary material base that develops function of labour union of activity, implementation lawfully ; set legal liability, made clear the punishment to violating principal part, enhanced law to deter force
這次對1992布的《工會法》的修改共有四十四條，新修改後的《工會法》有以下特點：既適應了建立和發展社會主義市場經濟體制、經濟結構的調整、公有制實現形式多元化的實際情況，又突出針對了日益復雜多變的勞動關系；突出了工會的維護職能，明確了職工代表大會制度和集體合同制度這兩個主要維權手段，強化了工會組織建設，為最大限度地把廣大職工組織到工會中來提供了法律依據和保障；加大了對工會幹部的保護力度，強化了具體保護措施，使工會幹部可以更加盡職盡責地履行工會的職能；更好地保護了工會發揮橋梁和紐帶作用，落實了工會參與政治、經濟、文化和社會生活的途徑，明確了工會調處勞動關系的根本機制；明確了工會經費的收繳范圍，強化了工會經費的收繳力度，保障了工會組織依法開展活動、實現工會職能的必要物質基礎；規定了法律責任，明確了對違法主體的處罰，增強了法律威懾力。 -
We must think of three factors to make a best capital structure. first factor is margin tax shield, namely, the ratio of firm value ' s increment for liability and the increment of liability blow. second factor is finance crisis net lost that is bought in future. thirdly. we must make much of the market action and adjust capital structure
確定一個最優的資本結構主要考慮以下三個要素：第一，邊際稅盾，即由於負債導致企業價值增量與負債額的增量的比值，以邊際稅盾為零作為界點；第二，估計未來可能招致的財務危成本；第三，密切關注市場的反應，不斷調整資本結構。 -
Tianmen shuangling banbian steel - structure limited liability company, tianmen shuangling qianghe folding - door limited liability company, zhengzhou shuangling chromatic all - purpose angle steel shelf factory, zhengzhou shuangling metal strip factory, zhengzhou shuangling rolling shutters factory and tianmen biochemical materials are all our branch of company
公司下屬有天門雙菱百變鋼構有限責任公司，天門雙菱千合門業有限責任公司，鄭州雙菱彩色萬能角鋼廠，鄭州雙菱帶鋼廠，鄭州雙菱轉頁門廠，天門生化原料廠等六家企業。 -
It result in the following conclusions " core stockhoider, commerciai bank and commercial credit are the major finance providers, while the proportion is about 70 % ; the finance proportion from core stocmiolder is dropping yet from commercial bank and non - bank financial institution is rising with the evolution of the non - listed iniernet company ; the major pwt of the listed lnternat company on the nasdaq choose conservative capital structure and property to liability ratio is very low
從統計結果來看，核心股東、商業銀行和商業信用三者是美國新生（未上市）網路公司主要的融資來源； nasdaq上市網路公司大多採取保守型融資結構，資產負債率很低。通過分析信息產業融資結構的演變過程，可以推斷網路公司將逐步向高風險、高報酬的融資結構方向演化。 -
The equation shows that 9 finance index have important relationship with default ratio, they are roe, debt ratio, asset turnover ratio, gross profit ratio, scale of assets, currency ratio ( [ currency + marketable securities ] / current liability ), debt structure ( current liability / total debts ), currency / daily revenues and quality of assets ( accounts receivable / total assets )
回歸方程表明，違約率與以下9個財務指標的組合密切相關：凈資產收益率、資產負債率、總資產周轉率、毛利率、資產規模（資產總額對數） 、現金比率（現金類資產流動負債） 、債務結構（短債總額債務總額） 、日銷現比（現金與有價證券日銷售額） 、資產質量（應收賬款資產總額） 。 -
In the second part of the paper, we illustrate the importance of the state - owned commercial banks in chinese financial system and the necessity of strengthening the alm in the state - owned commercial banking system. after analysing the current situation of the state - owned banks " alm and the existing problems of the unclear property rights, the inequilibium of the asset - liability structure, the imperfect risk control system, and the unsatisfactory computer systems for the asset - liability management. the paper analyzes the existing situation and main disadvantages, and gives some suggestion to improve the level of the alm of the state - owned commercial banks
要完善國有獨資商業銀行資產負債管理，首先要了解我國銀行業現狀，本文下半部分從我國銀行體系入手說明國有獨資商業銀行的重要性和完善國有獨資銀行資產負債管理的必要性，在分析國有獨資商業銀行實行資產負債管理現狀及存在的產權不明晰、資產負債結構失衡、風險控制系統不完善、計算機系統不能滿足資產負債管理要求等問題后，根據相關問題提出完善國有獨資商業銀行資產負債管理的對策。 -
The results show that the industry factor, the company size and the proportion of non - debt tax shields have a remarkable effect on the choice of capital structure, while the multiple of interest safeguard and the proportion of asset collateral value do not have an obvious effect on the asset - liability ratio
結果表明：行業因素、公司規模和非負債稅盾比例對資本結構的選擇有顯著的作用，而利息保障倍數和資產擔保價值比例對資產負債率沒有明顯的影響。 -
Asset reorganization turns soes " simplified structure of rights of ownership into multi - structure and optimizes their liability structure
而通過資產重組可以促進產權結構多元化，優化產權結構。可以優化資產負債結構，降低負債比例。 -
There is a need to consider what financial instruments to use, having regard to their yields, and the impact of the action on the asset and liability structure, and profitability, of the banking system
央行要選擇哪種具體方法並非簡單的決定，而是要考慮到適用的金融工具有關的收益率，以及對銀行體系資產負債結構以至對盈利的影響。 -
After the establishment, the gy group optimize its liability structure to relieve its financial burden by making use of the stable cash flow of the traditional public utility enterprise and through the operation of the settlement center, by which the group has grown up rapidly to a trans - regional and pluralist enterprise group from a local one, initially forming a middle - scale state - owned corporation with good assets
Gy集團成立后，利用傳統公用事業企業具有穩定現金流的特點，通過結算中心的運作，加強對下屬子公司資金的統籌與管理，取得銀行的支持，對集團的債務結構進行優化，減輕財務負擔，使該集團迅速成長起來，由一家地方性企業集團向跨地區、多元化方向發展，初步形成了一家規模中等、資產優良的國有資產經營公司。 -
From analyzing the asset / liability structure to making investment goal for investment management, the whole process of investment strategy is critical to insurance company. the present paper is composed and developed on the basis of above - mentioned background
保險投資策略逐漸成為我國保險公司關注和研究的重點，本文正是在此背景下對我國保險基金投資策略問題進行思索和展開探討的。 -
Chapter two, relationship analysis of corporate governance key factors and corporate performance. this section makes a regression between the performancesand the liability structure, the shareholding structure, the director characteristics. it shows that the listed media companies is degrading in corporate governance and meeting the ownership paradox
第二章對傳媒上市公司債務結構、股權特徵、董事特徵與公司業績的相關性進行了模型分析和數據對比分析，提出了傳媒上市公司存在治理弱化和「股權悖論」等問題。 -
Rok ' s lesson teaches us that first, attention should be attached to each enterprise ' s asset liability structure, because operation based on excessive borrowing is very dangerous, second, don ' t blindly get involved in multi - angle management, because there are many pitfalls, third, taking full consideration of one ' s own strength when seeking enterprise merging or expansion, with economic results as the goal, and fourth, intensifying each enterprise group ' s internal management, and preventing the loss of control over management
韓國的教訓告訴我們：一、一定要注意企業資產負債結構，過度負債經營十分危險；二、不要盲目搞多角經營，因為這裏面有很多陷階；三、在企業兼并和擴張過程中一定要充分考慮自己的實力，以經濟效益為目標；四、嚴格集團內部管理，防止管理失控。
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