mechanics of particles 中文意思是什麼

Despite several decades of trying, scientists have failed to fit einstein ' s general theory of relativity, which describes how gravity holds big objects together, with the quantum mechanics he pioneered, which describes the tiny fundamental particles of which matter consists and the forces by which they interact

盡管經歷了數十年的刻苦鉆研，科學家們仍然無法將愛因斯坦的廣義相對論與他所開拓過的量子理論統一在一起? ?這兩個理論前者是描述引力如何將大型天體維系在一起，後者則是描述組成物質的微小基礎粒子以及粒子之間的相互作用力。

Sicp / al matrix composites, with 5, 15 and 25 % volume fraction of sic particles, were prepared by vacuum hot - pressing sintering processing in this paper. based on mechanics properties, sem observation and energy dispersive x - ray analysis, the interface reaction phenomenon of sicp / al composites made by vacuum hot - pressing sintering, as well as the reinforcement and fracture mechanisms of this composite were analyzed. the dynamic responses of sipc / al composites were studied by a split hopkinson high - speed pressure bar impact system which strain rate was from quasistatic state strain rate ( 3. 3 10 - 3s - 1 ) to dynamic state strain rate ( 5. 2 103 s - 1 )

本研究以武裝直升飛機防護裝甲材料為研究對象，採用真空熱壓粉末冶金燒結工藝制備了含sic顆粒體積分數分別為5 、 15和25的sic顆粒增強鋁基復合材料，結合其力學性能、掃描電鏡和界面微區能譜分析結果，分析了sic _ p al復合材料的真空燒結過程中的界面現象，以及材料增強和斷裂機理，並利用hopkinson高速壓桿沖擊實驗系統對其從靜態到動態（應變率為3 . 3 10 ~ （ - 3 ） s ~ （ - 1 ） 5 . 2 10 ~ 3s ~ （ - 1 ） ）的壓縮破壞響應進行了研究，分析了不同體積分數sic _ p al復合材料高應變率壓縮載荷下，材料的變形和微觀損傷機理，以及利用高速沖擊空氣炮測定了改復合材料制備剃度復合板的穿透性能。

In the first part of the text, this paper shows that schrodinger insisted on classical realism ' s frame in 1926 through the analysis of the relation of schrodinger ' s wave mechanics and classical realism, and that he thought that the real reality is the function that depends on the wave equation, and that the particles " concept is only a uncontinuous component of - function ' s quantum

文章共分三個部分：第一部分分析了薛定諤的波動力學與經典實在論的關系，闡明了薛定諤在1926年所堅持的經典實在觀的理論框架，他認為：由波動方程來支配的那個場就是終極的實在；粒子概念不過是由場的『量子化』所引入的那種不連續要素的一個名稱而已。

The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics requires that the vacuum be filled with particles living on borrowed time and energy, popping in and out of existence

在量子力學的測不準原理要求下，真空必須被存在於外借的時間和能量的粒子所填滿，這些粒子會隨時間不停地進出真實的空間。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Matrices, vector and vector calculus, newtonian mechanics - single particle, oscillations, nonlinear oscillations and chaos, gravitation, some methods in the calculus of variations, hamilton ' s principles lagrangian and hamiltonian dynamics, central - force motion, dynamics of a system of particles, motion in a noninertia reference frame, dynamics of rigid body

矩陣和向量的計算、單一質點的牛頓力學、線性與非線性的振動運動、重力、微積分上的變分法介紹、哈密頓原理、拉氏及哈氏力學、連心力下的運動、質點系的運動力學、在非慣性座標中的運動、剛體的運動。

The new mechanics was called by santilli hadronic mechanics to characterize the description of strongly interacting particles, such as the nuclear constituents, collectively called hadrons, under conventional long - range potential, as well as short - range, nonlinear, non - local and non - potential interactions

桑蒂利將這種新型的力學稱之為強子力學以描述強烈相互作用粒子的特徵，象核的要素那樣，將處于傳統較長距離范圍潛勢狀態，以及處于處于很短距離范圍、非線性、非局部和非潛勢相互作用狀態的粒子統稱為強子。

Based on the theoretical contact mechanics, the numerical simulations demonstrated that the axial stiffness during compression was sensitive to both the amount of plastic deformation and the interparticle friction occurring at the contacts within the assembly of particles

研究發現：彈塑性球顆粒系統在加載時其軸向剛度對顆粒間產生的塑性變形量及顆粒間的摩擦均很敏感。

Tem, xrd and electronic energy spectrum indicated uniform tio2 particles laid over surface of sio2. for discussing mechanics of the process in adsorption phase reactor technology, the author designed temperature, concentration and reaction time experiments. then the adsorption and reaction mechanics were gained with kinds of analytical methods

為了探討吸附相反應技術中的過程機理，作者設計了溫度、濃度以及反應時間等實驗，並結合x射線衍射儀（ xrd ） 、透射電子顯微鏡（ tem ） 、電子能譜儀等各種表徵手段，得出了吸附過程和反應過程的各自機理。

This class will study some of the changing ideas within modern physics, ranging from relativity theory and quantum mechanics to solid - state physics, nuclear and elementary particles, and cosmology

本課程將會研究現代物理學中在概念上的變遷，從相對論、量子力學到固態物理、原子核與基本粒子、還有宇宙論。

A numerical program developed based on meso - damage mechanics, was adopted to simulate the deformation, damage and fracture, i. e. the whole failure process of brittle composite matrix reinforced by particles under uniaxial tensile load

摘要在材料細觀非均勻性的基礎上研究了含粒徑不同顆粒的脆性基復合材料的宏觀力學性質和破壞過程的尺寸效應。