oocyte 中文意思是什麼

Materials and methods the mouse, golden hamster and human sperm were incubated with endotoxin in different concentration for different time to get capacitation, respectively, and ar was induced by progesterone after capacitation, then the rates of capacitation and ar were detected by chlortetracycline ( ctc ) and hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining method. the medium was with endotoxin in different concentration in sperm - oocyte fusion step during ivf, then the fertilization rate was observed. the 1 - cell, 2 - cell and zona - free 2 - cell mouse embryos were incubated in the medium with endotoxin, then the rate of blastocysts was recorded

方法取小鼠精子10份、金黃地鼠精子6份、人新鮮精液標本10份及人冷凍精液標本9份，分別與不同濃度內毒素共孵育進行體外獲能和孕酮誘導的頂體反應，應用金黴素和dna結合的熒光染料hoechest33258雙重熒光染色法檢測精子的獲能率和頂體反應率；小鼠體外受精實驗的精卵結合環節培養液中加入不同濃度的內毒素，觀察受精情況並記錄受精率；取小鼠1 -細胞胚胎、 2 -細胞胚胎和去卵透明帶2 -細胞胚胎，與不同濃度內毒素共孵育進行體外培養，觀察體外發育情況並記錄囊胚率。

Fully grown xenopus oocytes can remain in their immature state essentially indefinitely, or, in response to the steroid hormone progesterone, can be induced to develop into fertilizable eggs. this process is termed oocyte maturation

介紹：爪蟾卵在成熟過程中可以無限期的停留在未成熟狀態，直到在激素的刺激下，成為可受精的卵細胞，這個過程稱為卵成熟。

During male gametogenesis, the spermatogonia became primary spermatozoa through mitosis, and then became fourth equivalent cytoplasm, round sperm through meiosis. after maturation, they participated in embryo development with the mature oocyte through fertilization. but in female gametogenesis, the primary oocyte formed a matured egg and 1 ~ 3 polar bodies ( pb )

雄性動物精子發生過程中精原細胞最後一次有絲分裂形成二倍體精母細胞后，經過兩次減數分裂形成了四個含等量細胞質、圓形的精子細胞，最終發育成四個具有正常生理功能的精子，與成熟卵母細胞受精后參與胚胎發育。

Rat cumulus - enclosed oocyte ( ceo ) and denuded oocyte ( do ) both spontaneously resume meiotic maturation in vitro, when cultured for 2h, the germinal vesical breakdown percentage of do reaches up to 88 %, and ceos get 53 %. oocytes begin to extrude first polar body 1 ( fb1 ) when cultured for 8h. mouse oocyte spontaneous maturation in vitro can be inhibited by 4mm hypoxanthine ( hx ) or 25um 3 - isobutyl - methylxanthine ( ibmx ). while, 4mm hx can not inhibit the spontaneous maturation of rat oocyte, and the lowest effective concentration of ibmx to inhibit rat oocyle spontaneous maturation in vitro is 50um. treated with the same concentration of ibmx, gvbd percentage of rat ceo is lower than that of do, the results indicat that cumulus cells delay rat oocyte spontaneous maturation and potentate the inhibition effect of ibmx, but it ' s not the case on mouse

Ceo和do培養8h時都開始排出pb1 ；在卵母細胞成熟抑制模型中， 4mm次黃嘌呤（ hx ）和25 m的異丁基甲基黃嘌呤（ ibmx ）是小鼠卵母細胞成熟的有效抑制劑，但4mm的hx抑制大鼠卵母細胞成熟效果不理想，用hx - m199和hx - mem培養24h ， gvbd率分別為61 ， 81 ，而ibmx有效抑制大鼠卵母細胞自發成熟的最小濃度為50 m ， ibmx可以降低大鼠ceo和do的gvbd率，但ceo中的卵母細胞gvbd率要顯著低於do的gvbd率， 100 m的jbmx處理24h后，大鼠ceo和do的gvbd率分別為24 ， 84 ，提示卵丘細胞的存在可以延遲大鼠卵母細胞的自發成熟，有助於抑制卵母細胞成熟，但在小鼠上ceo和do的自發成熟差異不明顯。

Hx showed a multiple effect on oocyte maturation

8 、 hx對卵母細胞成熟具有多方面的影響。

The oocyte is effectively a tetraploid cell.

卵母細胞是有效的四倍體細胞。

The follicle cells taked part in the synthesis of yolk precursor, and the yolk precursor were transported into oocyte by pinocytosis and fusion. after follicle cells secreting egg shells, oogenesis completed

在幫助卵母細胞沉積完卵黃后，濾泡細胞還分泌卵殼蛋白，形成卵殼之後退化消失

Oogenesis was described briefly and the ways of the formation of yolk granules were explored. at first, eight stages in the oogenesis of the acrida chinensis were distinguished and described respectively, basing on the changes of the oocyte ' s size, chromosomal changes in the nucleus of the oocyte, vitellogenesis and the size of the follicle cells

在基礎理論方面，本研究首先在光鏡水平對中華蚱蜢卵子發生進行了階段劃分；並以此為依據，用組織化學方法對卵子發生中卵母細胞與濾泡細胞遺傳物質的變化及作用，組成卵黃的生物大分子物質的生成及變化進行了初步研究。

Studies on spermatogenesis and oogenesis in palaemon modestus jiang ye - qin ( chemistry department, huzhou teachers coliege, huzhou 313000 ) palaemon modestus belongs to genus palaemon, family palaemonidae, caridea, natantia, decapoda, class crustacean. lt is a kind of freshwater prawn across china and especially abounds in the taihu lake which is regarded as one of the " three delicacies " of the taiha lake. as for the researches on palaemon modestus, v / e can only refer to spermatogenesis of freshwater shrimp exopalaemon modestus ^ ruang hai - xia et al, 2001 ), studies on reproductive biology of exopalaemon modestus l. the structure and development of the male reproductive system ( huang hai - xia et al, 1999 ) and studies on freshwater prawn in the taihu lake ( yan sheng - liang, 1999 ). on the bases of their researches and with the help of tem, i have made further researches on sperm ultrastructure, spermatogenesis, oogenesis and mature oocyte ultrastructure in palaemon modestus

秀麗白蝦palaemonmodestus屬甲殼綱crustacea十足目decapoda游泳亞目natantia真蝦部caridae長臂蝦科palaemonidae長臂蝦屬palaemon ，是我國南北均產的淡水蝦，其中太湖產量尤其大，與太湖銀魚、鱭魚並稱「太湖三寶」 。有關秀麗白蝦的研究僅見秀麗白蝦雄性生殖系統的研究（黃海霞等， 1999 ） 、秀麗白蝦精子發生的研究（黃海霞等， 2001 ） 。本人在前人工作的基礎上，利用透射電鏡技術（ tem ）進一步研究了秀麗白蝦精子的形態、結構及精子的發生過程，同時還研究了秀麗白蝦卵的發育過程，從卵原細胞到卵黃發生前的卵母細胞、卵黃發生的卵母細胞及成熟卵細胞，各期卵細胞的形態結構特點及各部分結構的變化情況。

Collection and preservation of first polar body of oocyte in mice

小鼠卵母細胞第一極體的採集與保存

The effect of icsi in the site of the first polar body of oocyte

第一極體位置對卵胞漿內單精子顯微注射結局的影響

Effects of the first polar body ' s position and morphology in murine oocyte on fertility rate and fertilized egg quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection

卵胞漿內單精子注射中小鼠卵細胞第一極體位置和形態對受精率和受精卵質量的影響

Except the incomplete maturation of spermatid nuclear and oocyte activation, idendification of a live spermatid is a pivotal procedure. it is difficult to distinguish round spermatids from other round cells such as spermatocytes, monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and so on

除精子細胞的核蛋白不完全成熟及卵子激活不足等因素外，如何正確選擇存活精子細胞是個難題，如圓形精子細胞與精母細胞、單核細胞和多形核白細胞等其他圓形細胞的區分就比較困難。

The mice showed also ageing - associated decline in oocyte quality, as indicated by increased frequency of premature chromatid separation, spindle disruption and / or chromosome misalignments in mii oocytes of aged mice. the gv oocytes from aged mice normally matured in vitro. the percentages of pronuclear - stage embryos, 2 - cell embryos and blastocyst derived from mii oocytes of aged mice by in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) were comparable with ones of young mice, but pronuclei formed 1 h later in aged mice than in young mice

老齡小鼠gv期卵母細胞能正常體外成熟；老齡小鼠m期卵母細胞經體外受精后形成原核期胚、 2 -細胞期胚和囊胚的比率與年輕小鼠比較無顯著差異，但原核形成時間延遲1小時；在老齡小鼠卵母細胞，注射牛精子抽提物或sr ~ （ 2 + ）處理時所誘發的ca ~ （ 2 + ）振蕩以及在減數分裂成熟及早期胚胎中的pkc分佈未發生改變。

Oocyte activation with calcium ionophore a23187 and puromycin on human oocytes that fail to fertilize after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

23187聯合嘌呤黴素激活行卵母細胞質內單精子注射后未受精卵母細胞的研究

The primary oocyte development and ultrastructure of vitellogenesis in bay scallop, argopecten irradians concentricus

墨西哥灣扇貝初級卵母細胞發育及卵黃發生超微結構的初步研究

Objective the present study was to investigate the effects of endotoxin on capacitation and acrosome reaction ( ar ) of mouse, golden hamster and human sperm, on the sperm - oocyte fusion in mouse, and on the development of 1 - cell, 2 - cell and zona - free 2 - cell mouse embryos in vitro. the purpose was to definite the committed step and the mechanism during in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) on which endotoxin affected, and to distinguish the sensitivities to endotoxin of three developmental systems of mouse embryos. all these data would provide the reference to clinical and laboratory quality control

目的研究內毒素對小鼠、金黃地鼠及人精子的體外獲能和頂體反應、小鼠精卵結合及小鼠1 -細胞、 2 -細胞和去卵透明帶2 -細胞胚胎體外發育的影響，探討內毒素影響體外受精結局的環節及可能的機制，確定三個體外培養系統對內毒素的敏感性，以期為臨床和實驗室質量控制提供參考。

Taken together, high level of no inhibits porcine oocyte meiotic maturation, especially the transition from ml to m ii, by mediating functions of cumulus cells. experiment 2

這些結果表明維生素c和e促進dos恢復減數分裂和發育到m期，可以抑制卵丘細胞的凋亡，尤其是10 m的生育酚和250 m的抗壞血酸。

The cumulus expansion, cumulus cells dna fragmentation, oocyte meiotic maturation and degeneration were determined 44 h after incubation. snp inhibited cumulus expansion and cumulus cells dna fragmentation in a dose - dependent manner

結果發現， snp可劑量依賴性地抑制卵丘細胞的擴展和dna片段化，同時抑制ceos中卵母細胞的減數分裂恢復，抑制m向m期轉變。

Oocyte maturation involves the activation of various signal trans - duction pathways that converge to activate maturation - promoting factor ( mpf ) ; this is a key activity that catalyses entry into m - phase of meiosis i and meiosis ii

在爪蟾卵中有大量未被激活的cdc2 - cyclinb復合物，稱為pre - mpf ， pre - mpf在tyr15位脫磷酸變成活性mpf ，起到這個作用的磷酸酶是cdc25 ， cdc25的活性通過磷酸化和細胞位置進行調控。