pre-existence 中文意思是什麼

E. e. enochs put forword the concepts of injective ( projective or flat ) ( pre ) cover and ( pre ) envelope in the early 1980s ", a lot of articles have studied existence and uniqueness of such ( pre ) covers and ( pre ) envelopes, the property of their kernels or cokernels, and character many special rings. moreover, if such kind of ( pre ) covers or ( pre ) envelopes exist, we can construct a complete injective ( projective or flat ) resolvent ( called resolution when exact ) and a partial injective ( projective or flat ) resolvent, and if r is a ring, we can study the relationship of its left global dimension l. d ( r ) ( or its weak dimension w ( r ) ) and the properties of syzygies ( or cosyzygies ) of a resolvent ( or resolution ), and the relationship of its left global dimension l. d ( r ) ( or its weak dimension ) and the exactness of a resolvent ( or resolution )

自八十年代初e . e . enochs首次提出並研究內射（投射、平坦） （預）蓋及內射（投射、平坦） （預）包這些概念以來，大批論文研究此類包、蓋的存在性、唯一性問題以及它們的核、上核的性質，並據此刻畫了一些常見的特殊環；更進一步地，當此類包、蓋存在時，我們可構造相應的完全投射（平坦、內射）預解式（當正合時稱為完全分解式）以及單邊投射（平坦、內射）預解式，研究了環的左（右）總體維數、弱維數與此類分解式的合沖模（或上合沖模）的性質、復形正合性之間的關系。

Meanwhile, based on the magnetic material theory, a complete analysis and summary are carried out on the three crystal structure and technology theory ; especially the ingredient analysis is made on the microscopical morphology and x - ray diffraction and its mixtures existence and relevant metallurgy about the typical second resource such as coldrolling iron and oxide red, steelmaking sludge and feso4 based on the practeal investigation of the pre - burning materials in domestic products plant, especially the analysis on the domestic markets and components, and connecting with reality and material characters in panzhihua iron and steel ( group ) cmpany, we established the product orientation and developing direction in panzhihua iron and steel ( group ) company ; after carrying out the technology reform on the old no. 1 magnetic product plant of enterprise company, making a detailed study on the various conditions for establishing a plant, the feasible research report is formed of 1400 tons ( per year ) feo preburning material and 3000 tons ( per year ) middle and high quality magnetic products ; so a necessary and reliable supports are provided both theoretically and practically for the development of the magnetic industry in panzhihua iron and s teel ( group ) cmpany

同時，對磁性材料的理論基礎，尖晶石、磁鉛石、石榴石三大晶系結構以及其工工藝理論進行了較為全面的歸納、分析和總結；尤其針對攀鋼產生的二次資源如冷軋鐵紅、煉鋼污泥、硫酸亞鐵等三種典型原料分別作了成分分析、微觀物理形態以及x光衍射分析、其夾雜物的存在形式及相應的金相分析。對國內鐵氧體磁性材料的預燒料及磁件生產廠家的工藝、設備、技術、成本、質量狀況進行了實地的調研，特別是對國內磁性材料的市場及競爭對手進行了詳盡的分析，在此基礎上，結合攀鋼實際及原料特點確立了攀鋼發展磁材產業的產品定位及發展方向；對企業公司原有磁件一廠進行了技術工藝改造，對建廠各項條件進行了詳細的分析，形成了了年產14000噸年鐵氧體預燒料以及3000噸年中高檔磁件產品的可行性研究報告，從理論上和實踐上為攀鋼磁性產業的發展提供了必要的可靠的依據。

The survey of excavated fish bones, other water animals ’ bones, and fishing tools indicated the existence of developed fishing activities and even some fishing grounds in the pre - qin period actually

通過匯總出土的魚類和其他水生動物遺骸、以及漁業生產工具等，發現三峽地區先秦漁業生產相當活躍，在當時就已經存在若干漁業捕撈集中地。

Pre - existence of christ

基督的先在

Refutation of mou zong - san ' s theory of beyond existence - viewing the defects of the theory in terms of the evolution of heaven theory of pre - qin period

從先秦天論的發展軌跡看牟宗三超越存有論的缺陷