primary legislation 中文意思是什麼

primary legislation 解釋
主體法例
  • primary : adj 1 第一的，最初的，初級的；初等的；基本的；基層的。2 主要的，為首的，第一位的。3 原始的，根本...
  • legislation : n. 1. 立法。2. 〈集合詞〉法規。3. 立法機構的審議事項。
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. The balance between the private right of the trade secret owner and the public interest is a primary rule which determines the proneness of the trade secret legislation. thus, the law takes a limited protection for trade secret

    商業秘密保護在立法的價值取向上就以商業秘密權利人的私權與社會公共利益的平衡為指導原則，對商業秘密採取有限的保護措施。
  3. In terms of routine, it includes teacher administration, education and instruction, position, praise & punishment and advanced studies, etc. in terms of staff, it includes headmaster, teacher in charge of a class, general state teacher and min - ban teacher, etc. this content not only reveal the historical outlook of the construction of laws and regulations on primary and middle school teachers, but also provides authoritative legislation foundation and guarantee for various period primary and middle school teachers work

    中小學教師法規的內容涵蓋面很廣，從事務緯度而言，包括教師的管理、教育教學、地位獎懲和進修培訓等；從人員緯度而言，包括校長、班主任、普通公辦教師和民辦教師等。這些內容不僅多方面展現了中小學教師法規建設的歷史面貌，而且為各個時期的中小學教師工作提供了權威性的法律依據和保障。
  4. This paper has made a synthetic review about this legislation practice. it included five parts that the origin, legislation practice, primary legislature, legislator and executing agency, actual enforcement, characteristic and localization, influence and realistic meaning of commercial legislation of late qing dynasty. we can find a good many rules from this history such as rationality and inevitability of the appearance of commercial legislation of late qing dynasty, and complexity in the actual practice

    本文由源及流地從緣起、立法實踐、主要立法部門和立法者及其執法部門、實際執行和特點及局限、歷史影響及現實意義等五大方面對晚清的商事立法作綜合考察，探尋出這次立法中諸多的歷史規律性：商事立法在晚清出現的歷史合理性和必然性、商法具體實施的曲折性和復雜性。
  5. Its primary functions include the incorporation of local companies with or without limited liability and registration of oversea companies ; the registration of documents required by the various ordinances administered by the cr, principally the companies ordinance ; the provision of services and facilities for members of the public to inspect and obtain company information held by the cr on the various statutory registers, current data of companies incorporated and registered with the cr and image records of documents registered and kept by the registrar of companies ; the deregistration of defunct, solvent private companies ; the prosecution of companies and their officers for breaches of the various regulatory provisions of the companies ordinance ; and advising the government on policy and legislative issues regarding company law and related legislation, including the overall review of the companies ordinance. official receiver s office

    該處的主要職能是為有限法律責任及無限法律責任的本地公司辦理注冊成立手續和辦理海外公司登記為該處實施的各項條例以公司條例為主所規定提交的文件辦理登記事宜為公眾提供服務及設施以查閱並取得該處法定登記冊所載的公司資料在該處注冊和登記的公司的最新資料，以及由公司注冊處處長登記和備存的文件影像紀錄;撤銷不營運但有償債能力的私人公司的注冊檢控違反公司條例規定的公司及其高級人員並就與公司法及相關法例有關的政策及立法問題，向政府提供意見，當中包括有關公司條例的全面檢討。
  6. There is no need for public consultation since the proposals in the amendment regulation are largely made to tie in with the changes in the primary legislation

    由於修訂規例中的建議大多是為配合主體法例的變動，因此無須進行公眾諮詢。
  7. Compliance laws ， rules and standards have various sources ， including primary legislation ， rules and standards issued by legislators and supervisors ， market conventions ， codes of practice promoted by industry associations ， and internal codes of conduct applicable to the staff members of the bank

    合規法律、規則和準則有多種淵源，包括立法機構和監管機構發布的基本的法律、規則和準則，市場慣例，行業協會制定的行業規則以及適用於銀行職員的內部行為準則等。
  8. On the basis of the principle of unbalanced legislation to protect the weak, this article presents a systematic research on the liability for the breach of labor contracts, which may apply a historical analysis, standard analysis as well as comparative research. chapter 1 probes into the definition of the liability for the breach of labor contracts and its characteristics, its common characteristics and its special characteristics. chapter 2 discusses the classifications of the liability for the breach of labor contracts : the employer " s liability for the breach of labor contracts and the labor " s liability for the breach of labor contracts or the primary liability for the breach of labor contracts and the subordinated liability for the breach of labor contracts, which may play the special and significant role in the liability for the breach of labor contracts. chapter 3 mainly discusses the constitutive requirements of the liability for the breach of labor contracts, which have a unbalanced character. the character is mainly reflected in fault. in general when the laborers break the contracts, we should apply the doctrine of liability for wrongs, while the employers, the doctrine of no - fault liability

    本文從「傾斜立法，保護弱者」的觀念出發，運用歷史考察、比較研究和規范分析等多種方法，對勞動合同違約責任的基本理論問題作了較全面系統的研究。第一部分探討了勞動合同違約責任的概念及其特徵，重點分析了勞動合同違約責任的特有特徵：傾斜性特徵和（可能）重合性特徵；第二部分論述了在勞動合同違約責任中具有特殊意義的分類? ?用人單位的違約責任、勞動者的違約責任與違反主給付義務的違約責任、違反附隨義務的違約責任。第三部分研究了勞動合同違約責任的構成要件，著重論述了勞動合同違約責任的構成具有不平衡性的特點，此特點體現在過錯要件中，一般說來，勞動者違約時，應采過錯責任原則；用人單位違約時，應采無過錯違約原則。
  9. From the perspective of the purpose of legislation, taking filing as the primary part of criminal procedure is of special value

    摘要從立法的本意看，將立案作為刑事訴訟的首要環節有著特定的價值。
  10. By the means of concluding, deducting, analogy and reasoning, this paper exposes some basic legal attributes of domain names and brands, it also analyses the represent forms, the primary causes of the right conflict and the idea of conflict resolution. furthermore, from the angle of theory, practice, legislation and unusual cases, this paper goes deep into the optimum frame pattern of conflict resolution in order that we can use some international usual methods, mature theories and treaties for reference, combining judicial practices in our country and others to establish the theories to protect the knowledge property right in the internet space. therefore, we can improve the disadvantage status of the lag of lawmaking and accelerate a more perfect knowledge property right law

    通過歸納、演繹、類推、論證等方式，揭示了域名與商標的一些基本法律屬性，分析研討了域名與商標權沖突的表現形式，沖突的主要原因及解決沖突的理念分析，並從理論、實踐、立法、特例等角度深入研究論證了構築解決沖突的最佳框架模式，目的在於借鑒國外與國際通行的作法與較成熟的理論和國際條約之規定，結合國內外司法實踐，以期構建我國保護internet網路空間知識產權的理論，改善我國此方面立法相對滯后的不利現狀，促進我國知識產權法的更加成熟與完善。
  11. Chapter iv splits the legislations into two parts with several systems according to their purposes, and evaluates every primary policy in the u. s shipping history. the u. s. shipping legislation is composed of two parts, one is to support the merchant marine, and the other is to regulate the shipping market

    本文第四章以立法目的為依據將美國航運立法橫向地分為兩個部分和若干制度分別進行闡述，對美國航運史上所採用的各種主要政策進行評析。
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