thawing water 中文意思是什麼

There is an annual movement of salt with water in coastal solonchak in liaoning as follows : the thawing - evapo - salinization period in spring, irrigation - leaching - desalting period in rice growing season from may to september, evapo - salinization period again in late fall and relatively stable period in winter

遼寧沿海鹽土中鹽分每年隨水移動如下：春季為凍融-蒸發-鹽化期， 5 ~ 9月為灌溉-淋洗-脫鹽水稻種植期，晚秋為蒸發-鹽化期，冬季為相對穩定期。

Under the different freezing - thawing cycle circumstance, three factors of water binder ratio, air content and mineral admixture are analyzed by using the method of orthogonal table. the test results show that the chief influencing factor is the water binder ratio in water freezing - thawing cycle circumstance, and in salt freezing - thawing cycle circumstance is the air content. this could illustrate that entraining air into concrete can improve the frost resistance of concrete effectively in salt freezing - thawing cycle

分析了在純水和3 . 5 % nacl溶液中受凍后，水膠比、含氣量和摻合料對混凝土飽和系數及變化速率的影響規律，試驗結果表明水膠比對混凝土水凍時的飽和系數及變化速率影響顯著，而鹽凍情況下含氣量則是主要影響因素，說明引氣能顯著提高混凝土的抗鹽凍性能。

According to relative criteria, the performance of ash - jd such as ratio of water - reducing, ratio of compressive strength, effect of enhancing strength, ratio of bleeding, air entrainment content, effect of keeping slump value, compatibility with cement, resistance to concrete shrinkage and damage by freezing and thawing and impermeability to water etc are all equal to the traditional aminosulfonic - based superplasticizers, and the ratio of performance to price is better than naphthalene series superplasticizers

按照相關標準，對產品進行了測試，所開發的低成本改性氨基磺酸鹽高效減水劑ash - jd的各項性能如減水率、抗壓強度比、增強效果、引氣性、坍落度保持效果、與水泥適應性、收縮性能、抗凍融性能、抗滲性能等相當于傳統氨基磺酸鹽高效減水劑，性能價格比優于萘系高效減水劑。

We have now developed effective and environmental use of this method to speed up the thawing process and, at the same time, to minimize the use of water and sewage treatment

我們已發展了有效地使用冷水解凍法加快解凍速度，同時亦可減少用水及排污量。

But floods occur in many other ways, heavy rains and thawing snowfall can overwhelm rivers, storm surges caused by hurricanes and tsunamis inundate the coastline, landslides and mudflows can displace large volumes of water

洪水的產生有多種成因，如暴雨和冰雪融化導致河水暴漲，由颶風和海嘯引起的洶浪席捲海岸地帶，山體滑坡和泥石流帶來的巨大水量也可造成洪災。

Some technical guides e. g. environmentally friendly cold water thawing practice on environmental protection and compliance have been produced to help improve the trades practices

環保署亦為食肆管理人員和廚師印製一些有關的技術指引例如環保冷水解凍法。

In cold areas, concrete is always deteriorated by freezing and thawing cycle. the durability and the corrosion of concrete are directly affected by the water - saturated degree of concrete

寒冷地區凍融循環破壞往往是導致混凝土劣化的主要原因，而混凝土內部的水飽和程度又直接影響了混凝土本身的抗凍性和耐腐蝕性。

Based on the damage mechanics theory, during the freezing and thawing, the ct measurement technology is used to observe the water transference, ice formation, inner microdamage propagation principle and the corresponding damage structure variability

從細觀損傷力學理論出發，利用ct識別先進的試驗技術研究巖石在凍結融化過程中，水分的遷移，冰的形成，內部細觀損傷擴展機理及相應損傷結構的變化。

Two test methods are employed : one is loading the samples before thawing, and the other is loading the samples after completely thawed. the coefficient of thaw settlement as a function of granule, as a function of water, and also as a function of dry density are protracted ; besides, the consolidation coefficient of thawed samples as a function of granule, as a function of water, and as a function of dry density are protracted. we can discover from the test results that the thaw - settlement coefficient and the consolidation coefficient of thawed samples are mainly relevant to the granule, dry density and the water content they have little to do with the geology and geography factor of the frozen soils

為了研究季節凍土區工業民用建築的基礎淺埋穩定性問題，特開展了有關季節凍土的融化壓縮特性的研究，先後在內蒙古農業大學三個比較典型的建築地點取了將近三百個試樣，在室內進行試驗，採取兩種試驗方法即先融化后壓縮試驗法和同時融化壓縮試驗法，通過對這三個不同地點的兩種不同的試驗方法的試驗結果進行對比分行，分別繪制了融沉系數與凍土的含水（冰）量、干容重以及顆粒級配的關系曲線;融化壓縮系數與凍土的含水（冰）量、干容重以及顆粒級配的關系曲線，由試驗結果發現凍土的融沉系數和融化壓縮系數都與凍土的含水量呈正向相關關系，可近似的用線性方程來表示;兩種實驗方法的總沉降量與凍土的含水量呈正向相關關系，與凍土的干容重呈反向相關關系，也可以近似的用線性方程來表示。

Effect of water content on cell viability at an average dehydration rate of 0. 9 % water content / h, water contents in beads had more effects on cell viability after dehydration than after thawing. different algae have various optimum water contents

結果表明： （ 1 ）含水量對藻細胞存活率的影響以0 . 9 %含水量/ h的脫水速率脫水，膠球含水量對脫水過程的存活率影響不大，但對冰凍保存的存活率影響很大。

Pavlova viridis, isochrysis zhanjiangensis and isochrysis galbana 3011 were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using encapsulation - dehydration. algal cells in early stationary phase were encapsulated in 3 % ca - alginate beads with 30 nacl, 2 million cells in one bead. beads were desiccated with silica gel then directly immersed in liquid nitrogen. the cell viability after warming was evaluated by chlorophyll content. the main factors influencing the cell viability, such as water content of beads, dehydration rate, dehydration procedure, preculture and recovery methods after thawing were studied. the results are as follows : 1

本文以綠色巴夫藻（ pavlovaviridis ） 、湛江等鞭金藻（ isochrysiszhanjiangensis ）和球等鞭金藻（ isochrysisgalbana3011 ）等三種餌料金藻為試驗材料，用包埋脫水法進行冰凍保存。選擇靜止初期的藻細胞包埋在含有30氯化鈉的3 %的褐藻酸鈣膠球中，細胞負載約200萬個細胞/膠球，經過硅膠吸濕法脫水后，探討了膠球含水量、脫水速率、脫水程序、預培養以及化凍后恢復方法對冰凍保存存活率的影響。

The author validate that precipitation is the source of juzhai valley by using of isotopic. changhai in the recharge area receives the precipitation and thawing water, which drains along the rupture towards rize valley and jiuzhai valley so changhai has the important effect on the whole area

運用回歸方法得山位於補給區的長海之水來源於大氣降水的冰雪融水，並沿斷裂補給到日則溝和九寨溝，因此長海水量多寡來源直接到本區湖泊水體的穩定。

The mechanism of water movement in the freezing - thawing process

凍融過程中水分運移機理

This means the saturation degree of concrete is different. by means of analyzing the l9 ( 34 ) orthogonal table, the air content is the chief factor, the second factor is water binder ratio and the third is mineral admixture in both high water pressure and low water pressure. the water saturation degree of concrete in damaging point ( e6 / e0 = 60 % ) can be found by measuring the dynamic modulus of elasticity after six freezing - thawing cycles

採用l9 （ 34 ）正交表對水膠比、含氣量和摻合料三個因素進行分析，試驗結果表明:在自然情況下，影響混凝土水飽和系數的主要因素是水膠比，而影響混凝土在鹽溶液中飽和系數的主要因素則是含氣量;在水壓力作用下，無論壓力大小，混凝土水飽和系數的影響次序依次為含氣量、水膠比、摻合料。

By using the method of orthogonal table, the water binder ratio, air content and mineral admixtures which affect the saturation degree are analyzed in this paper. meanwhile in freezing and thawing cycle circumstance including water environment and 3. 5 % nacl liquor, the saturation degree and the saturation rate are also analyzed. moisture content of the concrete is different by varying water pressure

本文採用正交分析方法，研究了自然飽水和壓力飽水條件下水膠比、含氣量和摻合料三個因素對混凝土飽和系數的影響規律，並研究了混凝土在純水和3 . 5 % nacl溶液中受凍后飽和系數的變化規律。

The test result shows that the water binder ratio is the chief factor in damaging point. the saturation of concrete and the higher degree of saturation in the surface layer of specimens can be used to explain the damage form of specimens in the freezing - thawing, which include change of relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and weight

通過測定飽水受凍6次后混凝土試件的相對動彈性模量，可以計算出混凝土破壞時（ e6 / e0 = 60 % ）相對應的水飽和系數，即極限水飽和系數，試驗結果表明對試件極限水飽和系數而言，水膠比影響顯著。

By testing according to correlation criterions, the performances of jd such as ratio of water - reducing, ratio of compressive strcngth, effect of accelerating and enhancing strength, ratio of bleeding, air entrainment content, effect of keeping slump value, compatibility with cement, resistance to concrete shrinkage and damage by freezing and thawing and water - tightness etc are all better than that of the traditional melamine resin superplasticizer sm and naphthalene series superplasticizer fdn

按照相關標準進行測試，所開發的改性密胺樹脂高效減水劑的各種性能如減水率、抗壓強度比、早強增強效果、泌水率、引氣性、坍落度保持效果、與水泥適應性、收縮性能、抗凍融性能、抗滲性能等都遠遠優于傳統的三聚氰胺高效減水劑sm ，也優于萘系高效減水劑fdn 。

Cold water thawing of frozen meat is widely adopted in restaurants, hotels and other related industries

餐廳酒店及相關行業均常使用大量流動冷水把雪藏肉塊解凍。

( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。

The results show that the runoff supply of kuitun river basin has the characteristics of perpendicularity and diversification, the runoff supply sources are glaciers thawing water and rainwater firstly and secondly are seasonal snows thawing water and groundwater

本文採用奎屯河流域各水文站徑流系列資料，選取變差系數、年際極值比、集中度、集中期等參數，分析了奎屯河流域徑流補給特性、來源、年內分配規律及年際變化特徵。