互為主體 的英文怎麼說

Besides, the legislation of criminal scout behavior is amphiboles, also with the improper setting mode of governor organization and the procedural deficiency in criminal scout. only one kinds of criterion of distinguishing the public security organ ’ s double behaviors is not enough to answer the question and to solve the problem that these two kinds of behaviors making confusion with each other. so it is necessary to define its theoretical base further and erect some correlative mechanism to make easy for the body to distinguish double behaviors automatically and consequently to guarantee each of these double behaviors goes to its own legal orbit

至於如何真正將公安雙重行為分辨清楚，切實有效解決公安雙重行為相互混淆的問題，僅提出一個分辨標準是遠遠不夠的，這只可能解決了能辨的問題;因此，還需進一步明晰其理論基礎並完善和構建相關機制，使之易辨，並促使行為主體主動去辨，從而保證公安雙重行為在各自法定的軌道上正常運行。

In the second part, on the basis of the explanation to the scope of the two kind of improper developing activities, the author focuses on the diseconomy of exterior environment of this kind of activity. the third part mainly discusses the activity motivation of government and investor in different stages of the developing and constructing activity, which are the entry motivation, the exit restriction, and the mutual decision - making in the repairing period

第三部分：通過對政府和投資商兩個行為主體的分析，研究了風景名勝區「錯位開發」和「超載開發」的形成原因，同時借用博弈論的分析方法，探討了政府與投資商在修復風景名勝區開發誤區過程中的決策互動。第四部分：通過前兩個部分的分析，筆者在這一部分嘗試性的構建了風景名勝區開發的約束機制。

Proceeding from the advantages of information technology and network technology used in education, the present paper discusses how humanised modern education technology help optimize teaching methods through building up a two - way c - commerce teaching mode, with teachers playing the leading role and students as the center

摘要從信息技術和網路技術應用在教育領域的幾大優勢出發，結合電子商務的特徵，論述了現代教育技術在「以人為本」的基礎之上優化教學手段，通過建立雙向互動的以教師為主導、學生為主體的新的電子商務教學模式，進而優化電子商務的教學。

Network in this paper means the relationship of all kinds of actors interacting during the integrating resources of npd course

「新產品開發網路」是指各種新產品開發行為主體在整合資源的過程中相互作用而形成的各種關系的總和。

The modern technology give a chance for the pattern of transmitting knowledge with network, the course based on network have opened up it ' s way in china, our pursuer paid more attention to the mode, but in america, pursuer have studied the more width aspect, thereinto the investigation and design of the information in the course based on network is very important, for the design of the information decide the pattern how the student receive the information, which will effect the way of knowledge understanding and memory, and the way is related to the study pattern, so the design of the information in the course based on network is very important to the efficiency and effect. so the core of the paper is the investigation and design of the information in the course. i have the entropy from the information science as the analyse tool to analyse the information, these work tell us the efficient pattern to transmit information, based on the result, i design the net page, of course, study theory and the character of the net itself are also the factors i employ for design a good net page. then, links and navigation is constituted for students adapt to the course based on network

當今技術的發展給知識以網路為媒介來傳播的學習方式帶來前所未有的機遇，網路課程在國內迅速開展起來，但是國內研究者的注意力主要集中在對網路課程模式的探索上，放眼國外，他們的研究觸角已經涉及到網路課程比較細致的方面，尤其是對網路課程信息的研究構成了國外網路課程研究中的比較重要的一個方面，而網路課程中信息的設計是重要的，因為信息的組織設計是為了接受者能對信息進行有效的信息加工，信息的呈現模式影響著學習者對知識的理解和記憶方式，進而決定了學習者的學習模式，因此網路信息的設計在網路課程傳遞的效率和效果中就佔有很重要的位置。基於這個觀念，本文把網路信息的組織設計作為研究的重點，引入了信息科學作為研究的主要工具對網路中的信息作以量化分析研究，主要應用了信息科學中信息熵的公式進行推導，得到學習內容信息組織的基本模式，並充分利用網路自身特性和學習理論對知識信息進行細致的設計，此外還對鏈接和導航信息進行了設計，在網路課程的適應性方面作出了努力，把交互信息與輔助學習信息的分析設計與應用和對網路頁面信息的總體調節優化作為主體信息設計部分的補充，最終形成了網路信息組織設計的方案，力求創設一個能夠有效傳遞知識信息，減少網路自身弊病，並帶有一定適應性的網路學習環境，也使更多的網路課程的設計者關注網路信息這個因素。

Then the author pointed out the disadvantages of this unbalanced tax revenue system and the necessity of its reform from both domestic and international requirements. after investigating the evolving of tax systems in the world and the rising of income tax in developed countries, the author suggested the way to optimizing chinese tax revenue structure is to set up a two - main - body tax system with turnover tax and income tax. the conceived outline is to augment the incom e taxation, to adjust the comparative proportion between turnover tax and income tax, and hence to change the distorted tax system and set up a two - main - body one, in which turnover tax and income tax can function congenially and complementally

在分析成因、指出弊端和改革必要性后，本文通過對稅制演變的規律總結和發達國家所得稅上升為主體稅種的過程考察，提出優化我國稅種收入結構的方向是建立雙主體稅種結構，總體思路是在穩定流轉稅收入的情況下，增加所得稅的規模及在稅收收入中的比重，以動態的方式改善商品流轉稅和所得稅的相對比例，改變我國稅種收入結構失衡、稅制功能扭曲的現狀，構建一個流轉稅和所得稅結構協調、功能互補的雙主體稅種結構。

" to wit, the objectivations of subjective processes ( and meanings ) by which the intersubjective commonsense world is constructed.

這就是： …機巧地了解主體進程（和意義）的客體化，藉此得以建構互為主體的常識世界。

Comparing with natural ecosystem, the industrial ecosystem was a social economical system with man as major body, lower stability and complexity, short cycle of environment variables, control under dual law, mutual reverse of material flow and energy flow and unobvious regional characters

提出兩者的區別在於工業生態系統是一個以人為主體的社會經濟系統，穩定性、復雜性差、環境變化的周期短、工業生態系統受雙重規律制約、工業生態系統的物質流和價值流互為反向、工業生態系統地域性不明顯等。

The relationship between two internal act body of firms based on value creation characteristics and interaction mechanism

基於價值創造的企業內部行為主體的特點及互動機制

At first, the author sets of forth the goal of the industrialization, which is to create mutual benefit and co - developing electrical after service systems all over the country, which dominated by the enterprises, with special service company as principal part, individual company as complementary

文中首先提出了產業化的目標，即建立以家電廠家為主導，以專業服務商為主體，以零星服務商為補充的時空分工、優勢互補、共同發展、遍布全國的家電服務體系。

Zhang zeyu, the teacher - moral model : he lays stress on students thinking by teaching and learning from each other

貫徹以學生為主體，師生互動的教學原則，實施「問題、自學、啟發、誘導、歸納」的教學模式，注重學生靈活思維能力的培養。

With an ever - growing role in driving the growth of the electronic industry, the economy under the shareholding system contributed an 11 % increase and initiated a condition in which the public ownership remained dominant with the coexistence of other ownership systems, so that the advantages of each could be shared by all

股份制經濟對電子行業增長的拉動作用日益突出，拉動增長11個百分點，初步形成了以公有制為主體、多種所有制並存、優勢互補的發展局面。

The reason lies in the fact that the ibdp teaching process comprises a system of " teaching - results - assessment - teaching ", which best elaborates the effect of this perfect assessment, which, by working constantly, guides the teaching effectively. this brand new system makes the teaching method and style quite different from the domestic teaching which is characterized as instilling. the integration of students - oriented open teaching method and its specific field trip fosters the students ' creative ability, infonnation collecting and processing ability, as well as the ability to cooperate, to explore, and to practise, effective geography techniques, and the double character of science and human and it greatly enhances teaching effect

本文作者對ibdp （國際文憑大學預科）地理學科的評估方式進行了深入研究，發現ibdp地理學科和國內普通高中地理學科的教學目標是相擬的，但體現在學生身上的能力卻大大不同，其原因在於ibdp地理學科通過教學過程? ?教學結果? ?評估方式? ? ?教學過程這樣的一個循環體系，充分發揮了其完善的評估方式的作用，通過不斷地進行形成性評價，對教學過程進行了有效的指導，從而使得ibdp的課堂教學方法和模式和國內普通高中主要是灌輸知識有著顯著不同，其以學生為主體的開放式教學思路和特有的野外實習活動交互回應，使整個教學過程向著有利於培養學生創新能力、信息搜集和處理能力、合作能力、有效的地理技能、自主學習能力、交流和合作能力、探究能力、實踐能力以及科學和人文雙重品質的方向發展，取得了良好的教學效果。

Also, this part puts forward such viewpoints as : regional difference, inducement of economic interests, concept of sustainable development, disintegrative status, government intervention are the motivities of modern city integration ; government is the subject of urban integration ; co - construction and share of infrastructure, mutual complement in economy, and eco - environment control and prevention are three nodes in urban integration

提出了「地域差異、經濟利益誘惑、可持續發展理念、現狀不整合態、行政干預是現代城市整合發展的源動力；政府是城市整合的行為主體，基礎設施共建共享、經濟互補性合作、生態環境整治和保護是城市整合發展的三個節點因素」的觀點。

The interdependent individuals within the system function as the standard to categorize the system ' s structure, with suppliers and demanders of social in security fund grouped into individuals with different economic status

把尋找其內部相互依賴的行為主體作為劃分系統結構的標準，將社會保障基金的需求方與供給方分別劃分為處于各種經濟地位的不同行為主體。

Thirdly, according to some relevant theories of new policy economics, the article explains the characteristics and their forming reasons of the employment changing by cost - income analyses respectively form the government, enterprises and employees " sides. this is the further micro - analysis, belonging to the inside operation studying in the model. fourthly, this article indicates that the social security system is the sequent supporting system, which is an essential outside condition required by the employment policies " changing

在以上內容的基礎之上，文章以諾斯的相關理論為分析依據，從更微觀的層面多角度觀察和分析了就業制度變遷的三方行為主體在變遷中的行為動機及互動，分別從政府、企業和職工三者的角度進行成本?收益比較，揭示了國企就業制度變遷的特點及其形成原因。

Based on the general conception of holography, the author analyzes the tourism region with a holographic view of human - nature relationship, and considers, in the core, the origination, development, transformation of tourism region system is a course in which the resources system is transformed to the economic system ， to the cultural system, which demonstrates by the structure of tourism region objection system ? ? from the structure of tourism resources to the structure of tourism products ， to the structure of the tourism markets ， to the structure of tourism industries, and each step of transformation needs the input of anti - entropy from the subjection system ? ? the tourists, the tourism scholars, the tourism enterprising, the tourism media, the government and the local people who urge the region sustainable development. there are six chapters in the dissertation : in the first chapter, on the base of holographic view, the author constructs a holographic space which consists of one - dimensioned time, three - dimensioned space and multi - dimensioned system, which can supply for the study of variety and multi - perspective of tourism region subsystem, meanwhile originationable theory, fractal theory and down - to - the - earth theory are put forward as methodology, what ' s more, the author constructs the paradigm of the tourism region development as the frame of region tourism development. in the second chapter, with a holographic view, some concepts of tourism region system, both objection system and subjection system, are defined again, especially, the conception of tourism, tourist, tourism resources and tourism product, the author considers, it ' s only through information that can explain how the tourism derived and developed, what the tourist demands and utility are, and the relationship between the inner subjection system is regarded as mutuality

本論文結構共分6個部分：第一部分，從全息學的基本觀點出發，構建出由一維時間、三維空間和多維系統組成的全息空間，這為研究旅遊地域各子系統的多樣性和多角度性提供了理論的依託，並將元化思考、分形理論和紮根理論作為旅遊地域開發的主要方法論，構建出旅遊地域全息開發的思維範式，為旅遊地域的開發奠定了堅實的理論框架；第二部分，從全息角度對旅遊地域系統，包括客體系統和主體系統，進行全新的界定，尤其對旅遊活動、旅遊者、旅遊資源及旅遊產品的概念進行全新界定，認為只有從信息角度才能理解旅遊活動產生、發展以及旅遊者的需求和效用，並在旅遊地域開發關繫上提出了互為主體的觀念；第三部分，從空間角度對旅遊地域進行分析，認為旅遊地域是運動的，要素運動形成要素的結構變化，進而推動整個旅遊地域的運動，同時，旅遊地域運動還受到環境系統的制約和影響，筆者還對旅遊地域相互作用關系作了較為深入的研究，認為不同等級間和同等級間旅遊地域相互作用遵循不同的規律；第四部分，通過對旅遊地域周期理論的再認識，詳細分析了影響旅遊周期的因素，並提出旅遊地域全息周期的理想模式是logistic曲線；第五部分，筆者對旅遊地域的開發模式進行了總結，從主體角度提出了4種旅遊地域全息開發模式? ?資源主導型、學者主導型、企業媒體主導型和政府大眾主導型，並從環境系統對旅遊地域開發的影響程度出發，提出2種修正模式? ?微阻礙模式和重阻礙模式；第六部分，以安西縣為例，在全息分析安西縣旅遊地域發展狀況之後，強調旅遊產品的開發與設計是旅遊地域開發的關鍵，並運用全息的觀點對旅遊產品開發進行了實證研究。

Instruction is a process of conversation between teachers and students. teachers are subjects to students and vice versa. when they respect each other, a new type of so - called " i - you " relationship is formed

教學是師生之間的對話過程，師生雙方互為主體，彼此尊重，他們之間呈現一種新型的「我一一你」關系。

Under postmodern perspective, social work as a profession seem to regain a sense of vitality which is reflected in its emphasis on indigenization, local knowledge, " intersubjectivity ", and the reconstruction of meaning of life during the professional reconstruction process of social work

在後現代視角下社會工作專業似乎有了一線生機和活力，這就是在社會工作專業建構中對本土化、地方性知識、 「互為主體」狀態、生命意義重構的重視和強調。

The author argues that in mental health and other service fields for social work whether the working staff can offer real service depends on whether they are able to realize the existence of and exclude the interference of cultural factors, and form the true understanding on the basis of subject with each other

本文認為，在精神健康服務及社會工作的其他服務領域內，工作人員是否能夠提供真正的服務，取決於他們是否能夠認識到文化因素的存在，是否能夠排除文化因素的干擾，真正實現互為主體基礎之上的理解。