政策特性 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhèngcètèxìng]
政策特性 英文
policy characteristics
  • 政 : 名詞1 （政治） politics; political affairs 2 （國家某一部門主管的業務） certain administrative as...
  • 策 : Ⅰ名詞1 （通「冊」 古代寫字用的竹片或木片） bamboo or wooden slips used for writing on in ancient ...
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 政策 : policy
  • 特性 : characteristic（s）; character; performance; features; properties; behaviour; response; character...
  1. We will be empathetic, appreciative of different perspectives and flexible in the application of policies to meet specific needs

    我們要設身處地去了解不同的觀點和看法，並且彈性地實施各項政策，以切合特別的需求。
  2. Medium and small - size enterprises would be usually restricted by " capital gap " considering their capital character and operation merchanism even in developed countries. furthermore, national medium and small - size enterprises have confronted with more problems because of imperfect m arket system and exceptive course of economy transformation, including some discrimination policies

    而在我國，廣大的中小企業除上述原因外，由於國內市場體系的不完善以及當前所處的特殊的經濟體制轉軌時期，將會面臨更為嚴重的融資困難，包括一些對其發展的歧視性政策和制度性障礙。
  3. On the basis of the comparison of successful experiences of running agricultural education in developed counties, such as usa, japan and france, this paper put forward following viewpoints : in order to visualize the strategic status of hae, necessary protectionism must be offered through lawmaking and hortative policies, peasantry - undergraduates facing agricultural production must be cultured in the process of expanding and developing hae. the opportunities of developing higher agricultural vocational and technical education must be grasped in the process of realizing the transit from elite - education to popularization - education. existent and developmental room of hae must be unceasingly widened basing upon the road of distinctiveness, integration and internationalization

    文章在比較美國、日本、法國等國家發展高等農業教育的成功做法和經驗的基礎上，提出了要通過立法或制定鼓勵政策來彰顯高等農業教育的戰略地位，為高等農業教育的發展提供必要的政策性保護；要在大力擴張高等農業教育的過程中培養面向農業生產一線的農民身份的大學生；要在實現農科精英教育向大眾化教育轉軌的過程中抓住發展高等農業職業技術教育的機遇；要通過立足走特色化、綜合化和國際化的道路來不斷拓展高等農業教育的生存和發展空間；要正確處理精英教育與大眾化教育的關系，明確各類農業高校的生態位等發展高等農業教育的觀點和思路。
  4. In ranking the indicator system of affecting cultivated land being selected into prime farmland has been built firstly, which is composed of 18 indicators involved in quality, location, policy attribute and administrative intervention of cultivated land. then based on the character of ranking, the idea of combination decision has been brought forward, ranking cultivated land synthetically with three ranking models including a model by similarity to ideal point, fuzzy optimization model and attribute hierarchy model. in three models the weights are based on hierarchy analysis and entropy weights, considering not only subjective partiality but also the intrinsic information of decision objects, which make the ranking results more scientific, reasonable and credible

    在耕地綜合排序中首先建立了耕地入選基本農田的決策指標體系，由耕地質量狀況、區位條件、政策屬性以及行政干預4大決策因素共18個決策指標構成；然後根據排序問題的特點，提出了「組合決策法」的思路，並採用逼近於理想點的排序模型（ topsis ） 、模糊優選模型（ fom ）和屬性層次模型（ ahm ）三種排序方法對耕地進行綜合排序，每種排序模型中均採用基於層次分析法和熵權系數法確定的綜合權重，既考慮決策者的主觀偏好，又充分利用決策對象的固有信息，使排序結果更為科學、合理、可靠。
  5. First, the thesis gives a detailed analysis about the causes and expressions of the medium and small - sized enterprises financing problems, concerning the relationship between banks and enterprises enterprises status, related policy and finance service etc. then, in order to solve the financial problems effectively during the developing process of the medium and small sized enterprises, on the basis of the development stage, concrete environment and characteristics of the medium and small sized enterprises in our country, the thesis gives relevant suggestions about the improvement of enterprises " inside financial environment channel expansion of the indirect f inane ing, more emphasis on direct financing trend of the state ' s policy and innovation of financial instruments etc. at last, in order to welcome the coming technology economy, the thesis especially analyze how to use the capital from at home and abroad to develop risk investment, to ease up the contradiction of capital supply and demand, and to support the fast development of the hi - tech medium and small - sized enterprises

    然後，為有效解決中小企業發展中遇到的資金問題，根據我國中小企業所處的發展階段、具體環境和自身特點，結合我國金融市場的現狀和未來發展趨勢，從改善企業內源融資條件、拓展間接融資渠道、注重直接融資手段、國家政策取向、金融工具創新等方面，提出相應的對策建議。為迎接知識經濟的到來，本文還特別探討了利用國際、國內資金發展風險投資業務，緩解我國高科技中小企業資金需求與供給的矛盾，支持高科技中小企業快速發展的措施。本文試圖通過對中小企業融資問題的研究，探索我國中小企業特別足高科技中小企業發展面臨的一些共性問題，為我國中小企業融資方式和融資體制的改革略陳管見。
  6. If a country ' s money supply was exogenous, monetary policy using money supply tool is effective, central bank can adjust the money supply to adjust the macro economy ; conversely, if the money supply is endogenous, the monetary policy authorities will be unable to influence its money supply effectively, so that an attempt that the monetary policy authorities adjust money supply and then adjust the macro economy through monetary policy of money supply is ineffective. now under the condition of the inefficacy of monetary policy, the research on the endogenity of our country ’ s money supply is meaningful. first, this paper reviews the research on the endogenous money supply theories

    首先，本文回顧了國內外關于貨幣供給內生性理論的研究，並據此澄清了貨幣供給內生性的概念;其次，本文依據貨幣供給的一般模型，找出影響我國貨幣供給特性的因素，結合我國的經濟現實對這些因素進行分析，得出我國貨幣供給存在內生性的結論;再次，本文依據我國宏觀經濟的統計數據，應用經濟計量方法，對我國貨幣供給內生性的結論進行了統計檢驗，檢驗結果對我國貨幣供給內生性的論斷給予了支持;最後，本文提出了內生貨幣供給條件下的貨幣政策中介目標選擇的建議。
  7. As the deepening of soe reform and the aggravation rubing among new institution and old institution, the enormous function of the small and medium - sized enterprise is paid attention to by personages of various circles day by day. the embarrassment of the small and medium - sized enterprise. especially his finance difficulty, come into being the focus. at present, the study on question of small and medium - sized enterprise in the theory circle is ma inly concentrated on the following : the first, discussion of the importance of small and medium - sized enterprise ; second, management of small and medium - sized enterprise. especially the finance difficulty ; the third, to the reference of experience outside the country ; fourth, combining our country national conditions people discuss the particularity of ways of finance the enterprise

    目前，理論界對中小企業問題的研究主要集中在以下幾個方面：第一、對中小企業重要性的探討（如吳敬璉， 1999 ；董輔仁， 1999 ） ；第二、對中小企業經營困難，尤其融資難問題的理論探討和政策建議（如樊綱， 1999 ；鐘朋榮， 1999 ；賀力平， 1999 ；如國家計委財金司調查組， 1998 ；國務院發展研究中心中小企業發展對策研究課題組， 1999 ；郝雁、游淑瓊， 1999 ） ；第三、對國外經驗的借鑒（如裘元倫， 1998 ；姜勝利， 1999 ；柳紅， 1999a ， 1999b ） ；第四、結合我國國情探討我國中小企業融資方式的特殊性（林毅夫、李永軍， 2000 ） 。
  8. In second part, the feasibility and necessity that a internuncial line of the railroad hinge ( lishu bay - cai yuan dam ) participate in new no. 1 light railway in chongqing is analyzed, at the point of technology and economy, at the same time, the pattern of operation and management is being probed. at last, the methods of joining and transferring among state railway. outskirts railway and routine public traffic is been analyzed

    本文第二部分對重慶鐵路樞紐內梨樹灣至菜園壩一條重要聯絡線參與重慶輕軌交通新號線進行研究，首先介紹重慶市客運現狀和交通路網現狀，結合重慶市鐵路樞紐的調整規劃，通過對梨菜線參與城市軌道交通的幾種運營模式和管理模式的比較，提出了一個比較適合重慶市特點的運營管理方案，並從技術、經濟、政策方面分析了其可能性和可行性。
  9. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  10. In fact, it is the special system of our country that increase the incoherence and unconditionally of all the stockholders and the lack of the true investors. these two elements increase the stockholders " dissimilated behavior. in dividend policy, the difference of payment level resulted from the variance of the controlling degree embodies not the difference of stockholders " decision making to increase the company " value but the particular preference of the nonnegotiable shareholders and the management

    而最根本的原因是由於我國特定製度安排導致了股東群體的非一致性和非制約性的強化以及真正投資主體的缺位，兩個因素的共同作用加劇了股東行為的異化，表現在股利政策上，由股權控制度變化產生的支付水平差異主要體現為非流通股股東及管理層的特殊偏好，而從質的角度，以公司價值為目標的真正股東化主體的決策差異分析無效。
  11. In accordance with the inherent continuity and stage - by stage essence characteristic of america ' s policy towards scandinavia, this part elaborates on how the united states treated scandinavia : from requiring of it the right to the bases in it, from orbiting the three scandinavia countries norway, denmark, and iceland into the north atlantic treaty organization, and making them under the control of the trade between the east and the west, to obliging the three countries to desert the " bridge building " between the east and the west

    根據美國對斯堪的納維亞政策的內在連續性和階段性的特點，著重闡述了美國對斯堪的納維亞從最初只要求基地權利到最終將斯堪的納維亞的挪威、丹麥、冰島三國納入北大西洋公約組織。並將斯堪的納維亞的挪威、丹麥等國裹脅進東西方貿易管制中以及迫使斯堪的納維亞國家放棄東西方「搭橋」政策的過程。第三部分進一步探討美國對斯堪的納維亞政策的演變過程。
  12. However, preterit researches were barely within the limits of economic and social policies, with no reference to political characteristics of the problems

    然而，以往對中國「三農「問題的研究基本上沒有脫離經濟政策和社會政策的樊籬，而罔顧「三農」問題的政治特性。
  13. So on the basis of descriptions on the control rights, this dissertation tries to demonstrate the influence of the states of the control rights on corporation governance structure, especially the vicegerent collisions between the controlling shareholders and the smaller shareholders, on which it puts forward some policies and suggestions to make the governance structures of the listed private - controlled companies consummate. and this depends on the analyses on the share structure 、 character and controlling of levels of factual controllers 、 share proportion of every level shareholders on the control chain and states of control rights etc. this paper is divided into five parts

    本文參考laporta等人關于控制權的定義，試圖通過對樣本民營上市公司的股權結構、實際控制人的性質和控制層級、控制鏈條上各層級股東的持股比例以及控制權狀態等因素的分析，論證公司控制權狀態對民營上市公司治理結構的影響，特別是控制性股東與中小股東之間的代理沖突，並在此基礎上提出進一步完善民營上市公司治理結構的政策建議。
  14. The paper centers on introducing the creative thoughts and theory of modern human resource administration into universities and colleges, put forward in policy and administration. the paper studies the external and internal circumstance about human resource administration in university, from policy bedding surface, the paper put forward renewing thought, deepening reformation, perfecting human resource management & development system, tries to establish a reference framework of government policy - making on human resource, from management bedding surface, the paper conduct solution research on human resource bringing in, stability and human resource capacity building etc and point out concrete policy design scheme, to provide the feasible advice and proofs in practice about human resource administration in university. the findings of study in the paper are valuable in theory and practice because the paper belongs to a project of soft science in anhui province titled " present situation analysis and solution research on human resource administration in anhui universities and colleges

    本論文研究旨在將人力資源管理的思想與理論引入到高等學校的人事管理中，在對人力資源管理理論進行系統梳理的基礎上，分析了高校人力資源及其管理與開發的特點，通過對我省高校人力資源及其管理與開發現狀的調查研究，在系統分析目前高校人力資源管理與開發中存在問題的基礎上，進行綜合研究，從政策層面上，提出更新觀念，深化改革，完善高校人力資源管理與開發體系，構建政府人力資源戰略決策參考平臺，從管理層面上，對人才引進、人才穩定、人力資源能力建設等十個方面進行對策研究，並提出具體政策設計方案，為高校人力資源管理與開發提出具有可操作性的建議和管理與開發實踐的依據，並對高校人力資源管理的外部環境和支持系統進行了研究。
  15. The apbf institution has business ability and policy information advantages in censoring, so the loan policy may have " inductive effect " on commercial financial organs ; ( 3 ) agriculture and rural economy are confronted with many puzzles and challenges, and the poor - quality condition of our agriculture has not changed for a long time. it can be explained that we have not made full use of our economic and financial instruments and that the scarcity of finances has been in such a high level. combined with policy and financing, apbf is the most suitable choice for government to protect agriculture ; ( 4 ) developing apbf is in need of deepening of the reform of financial system

    究其原因，外部在於農村經濟體制改革滯后、農村金融體制改革反復不定、對農業扶持和保護的力度不夠；內部在於制度上的缺陷所致：一是缺乏管理和運營的法律制度；二是在於對農業政策性金融的經營成果的計算和組織管理比較困難；三是由於農業政策性金融要代替商業金融對存在外部性的農業進行投資，這種業務在中國本來就是商業金融盡力迴避的困難工作；四是特殊的政策性制度設計導致農業政策性金融信貸資產風險大；五是自主經營權落實不夠。
  16. This paper is aimed at professional analysis of the generation mechanism and some basic points on business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry, and further study of the characteristics of business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry and its relationship with macroeconomic business cycle. writer is prefer to conclude that policy cycle fluctuation is a fundamental cause on business cycle fluctuation of real estate industry in the period of chinese economy system shift. in the end writer su

    本文集中分析和研究了房地產經濟周期波動的生成機理等基本理論性問題，探討了我國房地產經濟周期波動的特徵及其與宏觀經濟周期的相互關系，提出了當前我國經濟轉軌時期，政策周期波動是房地產經濟周期波動的根本原因觀點，同時提出了應對周期波動的房地產業發展政策建議，這些不但是對經濟周期理論的創新，而且更是房地產經濟周期波動理論的擴展。
  17. Since china ’ s reform and opening to the outside world 20 years ago, we use different income tax to the fdi and the domestic invest enterprises. as the deepen of the opening to the outside world and entering into the wto, china is facing the question of whether will unify the income tax of the fdi and the domestic invest enterprises and how to unify it. on the one side this context analysis the spill over benefit, the capital benefit of the preferential income tax, on the other side analysis the problem that exists in the current income tax. on the basis of the above analysis we meet the necessary and the possible of the unification, and put forward the way to unify the income tax should carry out step by step. in the end of this context we propose the measure to solve the problem which it may occur after the unification

    自改革開放初期至今，我國實施了內外有別的企業所得稅制度，隨著改革開放的推進及我國的入世，內外資企業所得稅的合併與否，以及怎樣合併被提到議程上來。本文通過對我國吸引外資的稅收優惠政策，特別是所得稅優惠政策進行效益分析，一方面分析了稅收優惠引進大量外資所帶來的溢出效益、資本效益，並以90年以來的引進fdi為例進行分析，另一方面分析了我國現行的所得稅制度存在的問題。在以上分析的基礎上，本文認識到我國內外資企業所得稅改革的必要性以及改革基本條件，提出實施「漸進式」合併我國內外資企業所得稅的方案，並分析了合併的影響及對策。
  18. Due to the special equity structure in china, company governance does n ' t pay attention to protect the investors, so the empirical results show as follows : ( l ) it exists the negative relation between the proportion of state - owned stocks and corporate performance ; it does n ' t exists the remarkable relation between the proportion of circulation stocks and corporate performance ; the function of corporation in company governance depends on its owned stocks. ( 2 ) the performance of equity - scattered company is superior to that of equity - gathered company, the performance of corporation - gathered company is superior to that of state company. ( 3 ) in the protective industries, the degree of equity d oes n ' t influence the performance, state - owned stocks play a leading role, there is a negative relation between the proportion of its stocks and croa, but there is n ' t a remarkable negative relation between the proportion of its stocks and roe ; in non - protective industries, the performance of equity - scattered company is superior to that of equity - gathered company, and the proportion of corporation stocks rise, the influence of proportion on corporate performance depends on its owned stocks. finally, it gives some reasonable suggestions and discusses the limits of research

    由於在我國特殊的股權結構下，公司治理對投資者缺乏保護，實證結果表現為： （ 1 ）國家股股東持股比例與公司績效存在負向關系；流通股股東持股比例與公司績效之間不存在顯著的關系；法人股股東在公司治理中的作用依持股水平而定； （ 2 ）股權分散公司的績效優于股權集中公司，法人集中公司的績效優于國有集中公司； （ 3 ）在保護性行業，股權集中程度對績效的影響不顯著，國家股佔主導地位，其持股比例與績效指標croa存在負向關系，與績效指標roe存在不顯著負向關系；在非保護性行業，股權分散公司的績效優于股權集中公司，法人股比例上升，其持股比例對公司績效的影響依持股水平而定。最後，提出相應的政策建議並討論了研究的局限性。
  19. In part of theory research, the author points out that the scarcity of capitals is an primarily cause that leads developing country to poverty, while the financial restraints result in lack of capitals and unreasonable resources deploying, and the main measures to break vicious cycle of poverty is lift the financial restraints and improve the investment efficiency. subsequently by analyzing the phase characteristic and its practice course of our country ' s help - poverty policy, the author induces the basic deficit. and by analyzing international help - poverty loan policy especially little help - poverty loan, the author points out that our country ' s help - poverty policy must obey the credit principle and design a direct credit loan transfer system specially aiming at the poor and pay more attention to the development of human resource of the poor

    在理論研究部分，作者指出，資本稀缺是導致發展中國家貧困的重要根源，而金融壓制是造成資本缺乏和資源配置不合理的主要原因，解除金融壓制、改善投資效率是打破貧困惡性循環的主要途徑；繼而通過分析我國信貸扶貧政策的階段性特徵及其實踐歷程，分析了我國信貸扶貧政策及其實踐的基本缺陷；進而通過國際扶貧信貸扶貧政策特別是小額信貸政策的分析與借鑒，作者提出，今後我國的信貸扶貧政策，必須堅持信用的基本原則、必須設計一個直接和專門針對窮人的信貸傳遞系統，注重對窮人人力資源的開發。
  20. There is especial systematic background to build up small towns in china. it cannot help but choose small towns " building - up under the condition that planned economic system makes deviation of economic structure of industrialization advancing urbanization, the large number of labor in countryside, and the chance of job is lack in cities. so the systemic barriers in small towns " building - up is the inertia effect of planned economic system

    我國小城鎮建設具有特殊的體制背景，它是為了矯正計劃經濟體制下形成的「工業化超前、城鎮化滯后」的經濟結構偏差和解決我國農村勞動力數量巨大、大中城市就業需求不足而提出的，是提高我國城鎮化水平必然而無奈的選擇，因而小城鎮建設的體制性障礙是計劃經濟體制的體制慣性作用，具有政策剛性、交叉性綜合性和動態性等特徵。
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