族群形成 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zúqúnxíngchéng]
族群形成
英文
population formation-
A dominance hierarchy exists in all multi - male groups. dominance in a group usually depends on body size, strength and aggressiveness of an adult male. the alpha male ( group leader ) together with the high ranking males, protect the whole group especially the infants
在多雄性的獼猴族群內，存在著明顯的階級制度，要成為族群內出眾的高階級雄猴，必須擁有龐大及強壯的體形，並具強勁攻擊能力。Recently, the public has focused its concern on expanding educational opportunities for aboriginal peoples. although the educational achievements of aborigines have, since taiwan s retrocession in 1945, been steadily improving, other ethnic groups have made even greater progress. in the initial stages, the educational levels of aborigines showed signs of growth due to expansion in the educational structure ; however, in later stages this progress began to slip
因為光復以來，原住民的教育成就雖然也有向上提升的趨勢，但是其他族群提升的幅度卻更大，並且原住民教育程度之向上流動的情形，復有隨教育結構的擴張而出現先大后小的跡象，以致目前的人口中，仍以中學以下程度者居多，依賴體力勞動為生。Phylogenetic analysis surports that anseranas should be placed in monotypic family anseranatidae, and the whistling ducks and the white - backed duck should be separated from subfamily anserinae and placed them into family dendrocygnidae. the family anatidae could be classified into two subfamilies, anserinae and anatinae. the results approve that the swans should be put into the tribe cygnini of subfamily anserinae as suggested by livezey ( 1996, 1997b ) and the shelducks should be placed in the tribe tadornini of subfamily anatinae, therefore, our results do not support sibley and ahlquist ' s ( 1990 ) establishment of the subfamily cygninae and placing the shelducks in the tribe anserini
研究結果表明： 1 ）雁形目鳥類12srrna基因有較多的堿基插入和缺失，堿基轉換數高於顛換數； 2 ）贊同將鵲鵝（ anseranas ）置於鵲鵝科（ anseranatidae ）中，樹鴨（ dendrocygna ）應從雁亞科（ anserinae ）中獨立出來設立樹鴨科（ dendrocygnidae ） ，白背鴨（ thalassornis ）隸屬于樹鴨科； 3 ）鴨科（ anatidae ）可分為雁亞科和鴨亞科（ anatinae ） 2個亞科，不贊同sibley & ahlquist （ 1990 ）設立天鵝亞科（ cygninae ）及將麻鴨歸入雁族（ anserini ）的觀點，支持livezey （ 1996a ， 1997b ）的觀點建議將天鵝類歸為雁亞科天鵝族（ cygnini ） ，麻鴨置於鴨亞科下麻鴨族； 4 ）在鴨亞科內的系統發生上，潛鴨最早分歧出來，麻鴨、海中文摘要鴨及棲鴨彼此iaj的親緣關系較近；河鴨族為一單系發生群，在系統演化中形成獨立的一支。" nationality " contains not only political and cultural factors as well on the basis of such objective elements as region and economics. " nationalism " means supreme loyalty and ardent love towards its own nation, formed by its members of nation community on the basis of nation senses
「民族主義」是民族共同體的成員在民族意識的基礎上所形成的對本民族至高無上的忠誠和熱愛，是關於民族和民族理論，以及在這種理論指導和影響下的追求、維護本民族生存和發展權益的社會實踐和群眾運動，並具有多層次性。The coexistence mechanisms of industry populations are mainly discussed in terms of small spatial scale : the latent species pool coexistence mechanism in a specific temporal and spatial scope ; the coexistence mechanism under the condition of niche regeneration caused by competitiveness ; the coexistence mechanism under the condition of the formation of adaptive temporary niche caused by similar competitive capability ; the pre - occupied and lottery coexistence mechanism under the condition of the faultage of resources ; the coexistence mechanism through transfer and diffuseness in the heterogeneity survival environment
上述機制完備地闡釋了產業族群的競爭共存現象，其中，斷層預佔在報酬遞增規律支配下的新經濟時代具有重要的價值，而「以創新的方式形成相似的競爭能力是產業族群競爭共存的重要條件」等結論同樣是令人感興趣的。Local temples became places of worship and ritual for all people regardless of birth origin. family clans no longer returned to the mainland for ancestor worship, and instead established independent halls in taiwan where they paid respect to their forefathers. these developments were natural and expected
祖籍人群械鬥由極盛而趨于減少，同時本地寺廟神的信仰則形成跨祖籍人群的祭祀圈，宗族的活動則由前期以返回唐山祭祖之方式，漸變為在臺立祠獨立奉祀。There are different kinds of villas with foreign style, some special ethnic villages, hot spring pools, spectacular forests and etc. all these special and stuff attract thoundsands of travelers come here for traveling
島內的景色也十分獨特，各種異國情調的別墅群，別具風採的民族村，天然形成的溫泉泳池，蔚為壯觀的紅樹林，飲譽中外的鮑魚龍蝦，也同樣令遊人目不暇接。Under these circumstances many misunderstandings about mcc come into being, for example, overstating mcc ' s influences and trends, shrinking the content and target of mcc, misunderstanding the meanings of multiple cultures in mcc abroad, and overlooking the difference of history and reality of ethnic groups between west countries and china
這就使我國教育界特別是民族教育界對此產生了某些誤解：誇大了多元文化課程的影響和趨勢；窄化了多元文化課程的范圍；泛化了多元文化課程中「多元文化」的概念；混淆了某些西方國家特別是加拿大和美國少數族群形成發展史及現狀與我國少數民族形成發展史及現狀的區別。The formation and roles of the american polonia
論美國波裔族群的形成及其歷史作用Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映Patterns of manchu culture is divided into an introduction and eight chapters, these contents include as follows : the houses of manchu families and their surroundings, the structure of rooms and their furnishings, own their characteristics, and they give the important influences in the behaviors, mentality, concept of value of manchu people, in men environment, manchu people highly value the groups, pay attention to the differences between ourselves and strangers, hygiene, open to the community, value public opinions, and broadly admitting the new members and forgive others
） uwenimuru ）共分八章，其中包含的主要觀點如下：滿族家庭的住宅結構、房間配置和環境的特點，對滿族人的行為方式、心理意識、價值觀念有很大影響，在這樣的環境中，滿族形成了重視群體的意識、內外有別意識、衛生意識、社會開放心理、公共監督意識、包容與吸納心理。In the third part ( chapter 3 4 and 5 ), the author differentiates several specific organizational forms ( library governance unit ) that " a certain group of people " organize or be organized, which include family, association, institution ( college, university, school, etc. ), local government which can provide direct library services for local residents, and some new forms combined by above units. university library, autonomic city library and county library in usa, and public library in china, which are four kinds of elementary library governance, are studied in detail as well as four kinds of combined library governance, which are federated library system, consolidated library system, joint library and public library district. the succeeding part four ( chapter 6 ) is a connecting link between the preceding and the following parts
在第三部分（第3 、 4 、 5章） ，論文區分了幾種特定的「一定范圍內的居民」的組織形式（治理單元） ? ?家族、社團、機構（包括大學、學校等） 、能夠為轄區內居民提供直接圖書館服務的地方政府，以及由以上治理單元組合形成的新的群體，重點考察了大學圖書館治理、美國的自治城市圖書館治理、美國的縣圖書館治理以及中國的公共圖書館治理這四類元素型圖書館治理，以及聯盟型圖書館系統、統一型圖書館系統、聯合型圖書館以及公共圖書館特區等四種組合型圖書館治理的實踐性規則。Only those features had been connected together and appearances a stable system of rural society, can we recognize the significance of rural society through the institution culture. china is a vast traditional agriculture country, the amount and spread of villages are extensive compared with other countries, and how to find out effective ways of preservation from thousands of strands and loose ends is a quite difficult problem
同一宗族形成的血緣關系的存在成了村落賴以存在的基礎，而它所投射出的地緣關系使得生活在那裡的人們有了共同的生活和生產基地，血緣性代表著其生物學特徵，地緣的聚居性則表明了其地理學特徵；血緣關系為群體提供了無形的聯帶，地緣關系為群體提供了有形的聯帶。Based on the case of macau, this paper suggests that the multiple ethnic groups in macau have exempted from the problems regarded to lead to the clash of civilizations by huntington, and a harmonious situation in macau has come into being
在對澳門的多元族群和文化的研究基礎上，文章指出在這個城市，多元族群文化以交流、融合為主，突破了亨廷頓所認為造成文明差異和沖突的種種因素，而各自形成了相互借鑒和交融的文化雜合體。Issues of spatial extent and resolution, the selection of environmental burdens to analyze, data and methodological limitations, and different approaches to delineating exposure are discussed in the context of the asthma study, which, through proximity analysis, found that people living near ( within specified distance buffers ) noxious land uses were up to 66 percent more likely to be hospitalized for asthma, and were 30 percent more likely to be poor and 13 percent more likely to be a minority than those outside the buffers
本研究考慮空間與?圍、環境分析的資料、所收集資料與不同應用方法的限制及運用不同方法去說明該研究族群之暴露情形，透過趨近分析，發現以該地空氣污染濃度劃分結果，相較于污染較低之區域，居住于污染物濃度較高之區域，有高於66 %以上的機率會因氣喘而住院治療，有33 %是機率因為貧窮， 13 %以上的機率可能是未成年者。According to the analysis, the profession that the our country milk product appears the main reason of crisis to lie in the marketing the strategy and quality turns the degree high and the product likeness is high. the chinese market contain 1, 300, 000, 000 populations, this is " big gold mine " that waits for the development, drawing on numerous foreign investor, multinational companies into, the milk industry of the mainland tycoon also in succession recruit, the market competition that local milk product is increasingly vigorous. among them, with coastal region of the challenge that the business enterprise that milk product face is more rigorous. a few big business enterprises of the north, for example, mengniu, yili and wandashan, three deers etc. obtained the convenience on the geography, closing to northeast and these two good milk industry bases in inner mongolias ; the business enterprise of the south then occupies the advantage of the market maturity. now, in the profession that the chinese milk product this big " battlefield " up each show the magical power, therefore, aim at the product characteristic of the profession of the milk ware,
企業族群的形成是基於這些企業具有相同的歷史傳統，擁有相近的資源，在目標顧客、產品定位等方面的一致性較高。在過去的四、五年內，北方奶源帶的企業的市場佔有率不斷提高，在形成競爭格局的同時，也催生了企業族群的形成，使得乳業市場的競爭更多是在城市型企業群和奶源帶企業群之間展開。這兩類企業族群都有各自的戰略設計與營銷策略，但總體而言，這兩類企業族群在競爭戰略上並不很明確，差別也不大。As a result, firstly, identification is a form of internal experience about ethnic recognition, ethnic members possess strong identification upon the culture, costume and history of their own nationalities ; secondly, group character is a form of external behavior about ethnic recognition, most ethnic members are unwilling to depart from their own ethnic groups
結果表明：第一，認同感是民族意識的內在體驗形式，民族成員對自己本民族的文化、服裝、歷史具有很強的認同感；第二，群體性是民族意識的外在表現形式，民族成員大多數不願意離開自己的民族群體，而讓自己「落單」 。White clouds are in the blue sky, under the white clouds are snow white sheep. . . the instrumental music adapted from mongolia folk song is melodious
藍藍的天空上飄著白雲，白雲的下面蓋著雪白的羊群… …這首根據蒙古族民歌編配而成的器樂曲，旋律悠揚抒情，中間增加了快板部分，從而使音樂形象更加豐滿。分享友人