治外法權 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhìwàifǎquán]
治外法權 英文
extraterritoriality; exterritoriality; extrality
  • 治 : Ⅰ動詞1 （治理） rule; administer; govern; manage 2 （醫治） treat （a disease）; cure; heal 3 （...
  • 外 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面） outside; external side 2 （外國） foreign country 3 （以外） besides; beyond; in ...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 權 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （秤錘） counterpoise; weight （of a steelyard）2 （權力） power; authority 3 （...
  1. Because of imperfect in regulation, laws and market, the model brings out lots of problems such as insider - control, excessive freedom for large stockholder, no efficiency of supervisory, hollowing out the listed firm, etc. the fourth chapter : to solve the problems of corporate governance in china, we must do these things as follow : to diminish the difference of currency stock and incurrence stock, to realize that common stocks have common rights, to perfect the stimulation and control mechanism, to perfect the - structure of the board of the directors through introducing independent directors, to perfect market system and law system

    4 、研究問題的目的是為了解決問題，而要解決我國公司治理中的問題，不但要克服制度構造的缺陷，逐步縮小流通股與非流通股的利益差別，實現同股同權：要完善公司的激勵、約柬機制，改善董事會的結構，引進獨立董事，加強公司對其他利益相關者利益的考慮：而且還要建立和完善市場體系，加強法律和執法體系的建設，使外部治理市場和法律、法規在公司治理中發揮強勢的監督和約柬功能，最終形成公司治理的良勝生態環境。
  2. This chapter studies the concept and connotation of state immunity through comparison with such relevant concept as diplomatic immunity ; analyses the significance and complexity of state immunity from such different points of view as public international law, private international law and social economy, and at the same time states the state immunity is one principle of customary international law ; introduces four theoretical bases concerning state immunity : doctrine of exterritoriality, doctrine of dignity of state, doctrine of comity and doctrine of sovereignty equality of state, through historical review. although the author is in favor of the view that independence and equality of state are the bases of state immunity, certain degree of understanding and approval of different views are also expressed

    本文通過與外交豁免等相關概念進行比較的方法，來研究國家豁免的概念與內涵;從國際公法、國際私法、社會經濟的不同角度分析國家豁免的意義與復雜性，同時論述國家豁免是一項習慣國際法原則;並通過歷史性考察，主要介紹了治外法權說、國家尊嚴學說、禮讓學說、主權平等學說四種國家豁免的理論根據，作者雖然贊同國家的獨立和平等是國家豁免的根據，但是對于不同的觀點也持一定程度的理解和贊同。
  3. In the late period of anti - japanese war, the wang puppet government ' s taking back the concession and rescinding the exterritoriality, was the outcome of the japanese government ' s policy on china for the sake of saving the declining trend of pacific ocean campaigns, and was also an important try of wang puppet government to improve the relationship with japan

    摘要抗日戰爭後期，汪偽政府「收回」租界及「撤廢」治外法權，是日本政府為挽救太平洋戰場的頹勢而推行「對華新政策」的產物，也是汪偽政府試圖「改善」對日關系的重要嘗試。
  4. The foreign aggressors enjoyed " extraterritoriality " in those days

    那時，外國侵略者享有不受中國法律官轄的「治外法權」 。
  5. Foreigners ' understanding of china ' s extraterritoriality system of foreign law during the later qing dynasty

    近代在華外國法律人對中國治外法權制度的認識
  6. Compared the equity structure and corporate governance of listed company of our country with countries such as u. s. a, japan and germany, and by game theory, this dissertation analyzes the influence mechanism of equity structure to corporate governance of a listed company from following main respects : stimulation, restriction, take - over by other company, and competition of dealership. by theoretical research, it comes to that a comparatively centralized equity structure helps to perfect corporate governance ; for its fierce competition and stability of performance, we choose the data of the industry of wholesale and retail trade listed companies of our country to analyze the influence that equity structure made to corporate governance by regression analysis, and approve it by real case. by the theory and real example, we draw the conclusion that a mode of comparatively centralized equity and main power is controlled by fictitious persons is ideal, and correspond measures are put forth to advance the economic development of our country

    本文通過對我國、美國、日本利德國等發達國家的上市公司的股權結構利治理模式比較；通過採用博弈論等方法分析了上市公司股權結構對公司治理的激勵機制、監督機制、外部接管市場和代理權競爭四個方面的影響，從理論上得出相對集中的股權結構有利於完善公司治理結構：通過選取了我國競爭比較激烈、業績相對穩定的批發與零售行業的上市公司的數據、採用回歸分析的方法對不同性質和集中度的股權結構與公司業績的關系進行了實證分析，還進行了具體的案例分析，由理論利實證研究相結合得出股權結構相對集中的法人控股模式為一種理想模式，並提出了促使我國上市公司股權結構調整使治理結構合理化的相應建議。
  7. Secondly, the course of transformation in china ' s grass - root shows that political integration by power exclusively uses national power as the main measure of political integration, that the state executes in a sovereignty capacity a simplex " reflexive monitoring " to societies within the " national boundaries ". in order to secure the national power to arrive quickly and effectively at each would - be integrated stage, the state eliminates those tanglesome characteristics of all the integration objects, and regard them as indistinctive abstract existence wanting technical treatment. thus, integration of this kind holds the political community externally, rather than internally and organically

    第二，以中國基層社會為敘述場景的社會轉型歷程表明，國家權力支配型的政治整合排他性地將國家權力作為政治整合的主導手段，國家以主權者的身份對處于「國界」中的社會實施一元化的「反思性監控」 ，並為了保證國家權力能夠迅捷有效地抵達有待整合的各個層面，而消除了一切整合對象的「雜多」個性，將之視為有待技術化處理的無差別的抽象存在，致使這種整合形式只能維系政治共同體的外在統一，而無法實現作為「共同體」應有之義的內在凝聚和有機團結。
  8. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  9. When the seigneur swore fealty to gods on the feudal ceremony, the king had got a permanent affiliation with the seigneur except lineal consanguinity, which was supervised by gods every time

    周公東征之後，盟誓成為構建西周國家政權的重要組織形式，使諸侯與天子建立了宗法血緣關系之外依靠神靈監督效忠的政治從屬關系。
  10. The companies are controlled by the big family or crony capitalism. the common task of corporate laws in different countries is to allocate the company power reasonably

    因此在設計我國公司治理模式時不能照搬國外的做法，要充分考慮我國公司股權結構的特點以及由此產生的特殊的公司治理問題。
  11. Further more, the article will describe the differences of corporate governance between our country and abroad. according to my research, it will utilise the steps to consummate the corporate governance. the property right among director board, supervisor board and management will be allocated clearly ; consolidate the function of independent directors and supervise system ; protect the share holders and launch outside supervise mechanism ; manager system ; set up a stimulating system to guarantee these three parts can operate appropriately

    本文認為，不斷完善法人治理結構可以通過下列途徑來實現，首先，通過明晰產權，強化獨立董事制度，強化董事會、監事會的監督、制衡和決策作用來確保三會之間權責明確、互相制約；其次，通過確保股東利益，建立完善外部治理環境，經理人制度，有效的激勵約束機制來確保企業管理中法人治理結構能夠有效的運行。
  12. Correct measures are essential to carry out the peoples equality and development policy and pertinent religion policy in the multi - nation - state ; to form a correct concept of people and to publicize correct ethos by combining nationalism with patriotism ; to prevent and expose the western countries " factionalism on the peoples issues to the multi - nation - state ; to set down the active and effective measures aimed at the terrorist character of the peoples separatist forces. due to the pervading existence of the peoples separatist forces in the world, different countries need to reach the common conclusion to strike the peoples separatist forces ; to cut the capital resources of the peoples separatist forces and terrorist activities, to root out the basement of them, with the lead of un, strike the international support to them ; besides, different countries should strengthen nation security protection, form a new concept of national security, get international and organizing cooperation and get rid of every form of hegemony and power politics

    在民族國家內部應正確實施民族平等團結、各民族共同發展的民族政策及相關的宗教政策；樹立正確的民族觀，把民族主義與愛國主義相結合，進行正確的民族主義思想理論宣傳；防止和揭露西方國家對其他多民族國家實行的民族分裂政策；針對民族分離主義恐怖主義活動的特點，制定出積極、有效的防範措施。由於民族分離主義勢力在世界范圍內具有普遍性，因此，各國應求同存異，尋求打擊民族分離主義及恐怖主義活動的國際共識；切斷民族分離主義分子進行民族分離活動和恐怖活動的資金來源，鏟除國際民族分離主義活動的基地，並充分發揮聯合國主導作用，打擊國際不法組織和個別國家對恐怖活動的支持；此外，各國還應共同加強國家安全工作，樹立新的國家安全觀，進行有組織的國際安全合作，戒除一切形式的霸權主義、強權政治。
  13. Unlike every other big country in the world ( and plenty of small ones ), america runs an “ extraterritorial ” tax system

    和世界上的其它大國（以及許多小國）不同，美國實行一種「治外法權」的稅務制度。
  14. The dissertation includes three parts : part one presents the theoretical background with the focus on constitutional and political sources, followed by a historic conclusion and summary of relevant theories in reference to the rise and decline of power on the foreign policy between the president and congress

    正文分三部分：第一部分為本文提供理論分析的背景。重點闡述美國國會外交決策權的憲法和政治依據，並結合美國總統與國會在美國外交權限中的消長變化對美國國會的外交權作一歷史歸納與理論概述。
  15. In essence, citizen is not only negation for autocratic country, special rights of law, but also it ' s affirmation and admission for rights, ability, independent and subject qualifications of economic, politic, culture of social members " reality and latency. the great history progresses with citizen embodied shows that citizen should n ' t be replaced in the construction of juridical country : ( 1 ) citizen is history starting point and logic starting point of juridical country. ( 2 ) citizen is real subject of building legal country and the deepest basis

    公民不僅是對專制國家、社會不平等和法外特權的否定，同時也是對社會成員現實的和潛在的經濟、政治和文化諸方面的權利能力和獨立主體資格的肯定和承認，公民所體現的巨大的歷史進步性，使公民在法治國家的建設中具有不可替代的地位： （ 1 ）公民是法治國家建立和生發的基礎； （ 2 ）公民是建設法治國家的真實主體； （ 3 ）公民是法治國家的終極關懷。
  16. Otherwise it only has demonstrative political function ; a considerable number of those basic civil rights confirmed by the constitution cannot be actually fulfilled because they are not specified by the branch laws. as to the reason of this phenomenon, it is mainly due to the fact that there is no corresponding system of constitutional actions in our country so that those laws and behaviors which are against the constitution cannot be corrected and punished in time and the citizens " constitutional rights cannot be protected as a practical procedure

    長期以來，我國憲法的根本法地位，只是體現在作為制定法律的依據方面，除此之外，主要發揮的是宣示性的政治功能，憲法所確認的公民基本權利，相當一部分因未被部門法具體化而無法真正實現，究其原因，主要是由於我國缺乏相應的憲法訴訟制度，以至於違憲的法律和行為得不到及時的糾正和制裁，公民的憲法權利缺乏實現的程序性保障。
  17. And the fundamental way out for the realization of the judicial impartiality lies in its reformation. on the basis of the principle of rule of law in constitution and by using the advanced experience of china and foreign countries for reference, we ought to reform the outdated judicial system which does n ' t conform to the operating law of administration of justice inside, to better the leadership system of judiciary by the party, to improve the relationship of power between legislative bodies ( the npc at all levels ) and judicial organs, to restrict the unjustified interventions of judicial powers by administrative authority, and to repres s the local, implemental and administrative trends in judicial powers. and within the operating mechanism of judicial powers, we should perfect the selection of judges and their job security and enhance the requisite qualifications to be judges

    司法改革的根本目標是司法公正，實現司法公正的根本出路在於司法改革，我們應當根據憲法的法治原則，借鑒中外司法制度中的先進成果，改革不符合司法權內在運作規律要求的舊的司法制度，改革黨對司法的領導體制，完善立法機關（各級人大）與司法的權力關系，控制行政權對司法權的不當干預，阻止司法權的地方化、工具化及行政化的趨勢；在司法權運作機制內部，完善法官的選拔及職業保障，抬高法官的資格門檻，同時廢除違反司法權性質的上下級之間請示、匯報、審批制度等等。
  18. In the forth part, on the bases of the third part, the paper works out the amount of the stock option plan, which is just the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries during a whole stock option plan ; the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries one year and the amount that a beneficiary can attain one year. in the fifth part, also the last part, after introducing the method that decides the exercise price in foreign and associating our country ' s conditions, the paper discusses several methods, which fit our company. they are comprehensive price method, cash flow method, simulating listed company ' s price method and asset evaluation method

    本論文包括五部分，在第一部分中論述了我國引進股票期權的必要性及股票期權計劃的國內外發展狀況；第二部分探討了股票期權計劃的理論基礎，具體有契約理論、委託代理理論、兩要素理論、共同治理理論、風險激勵理論；第三部分針對七個期權獲受人的工作職責分別設計了七個有定量指標和定性指標構成的個人業績評價指標體系，並給出了評價標準和評價方法；第四部分則充分利用了第三部分的評價結果，分別確定了公司在一個股票期權計劃中可授予股票期權的總量、各年可授予的股票期權數量、個人可獲得的股票期權數量；第五部分，也就是最後一部分，在介紹國外行權價格確定方法的基礎上，結合我國國情，探討了適用於我國行權價格確定的各種方法，包括綜合價格法、現金流量法、模擬上市公司價格法、資產評估法。
  19. When constructing the internal corporate governance legal system, it is pivotal to improve the general meeting system, the board of directors system and the supervisor board system, so as to resolve the mechanism of balance between the general meeting and the board of directors, between the holding shareholders and common shareholders, between the independent director and the executed director within the board of directors, between the board of directors and the supervisor board, and in order to intensify the liabilities and duties of the directors and the protection of shareholder ' s rights. when constructing the external corporate governance legal system, china should establish the company ' s social responsibility system. meanwhile, china should learn from the advance experiences of foreign countries, enhance the openness and transparency and the listed company s information to establish strict information disclosure system

    在公司內部治理法律制度的構建上，關鍵是通過股東會制度、董事會制度、獨立董事制度（單層制下）和監事會制度（雙層制下）的建設，解決股東會和董事會、大股東和小股東、單層制下董事會內部外部董事和內部董事、雙層制下監事會和董事會的利益制衡機制，強化董事的義務和責任，加強對股東特別是廣大中小股東權益的法律保障；在外部治理法律制度的構建上，應建立我國公司的社會責任制度，同時應該借鑒國外的先進經驗，增加我國上市公司信息的公開性和透明性，建立嚴格的信息披露法律制度。
  20. Set to disobeying above, should according to federation of trade unions of labor department, the ministry of public security, whole nation " invest enterprise and private enterprise labor to supervise cogent safeguard worker about strengthening a foreign trader the announcement of legitimate rights and interests " with labor department general office " to " mix about state - owned company business of collective system of ownership whether consult executive labor department is sent [ 1994 ] 118, instruct unit of choose and employ persons to return him laborer instantly by door of the ministry of public security and labor service

    對違反以上規定的，應按照勞動部、公安部、全國總工會《關于加強外商投資企業和私營企業勞動治理切實保障職工合法權益的通知》和勞動部辦公廳《對「關于國有企業和集體所有制企業能否參照執行勞部發[ 1994 ] 118號文件中有關規定的請示」的復函》的規定，由公安部門和勞動行政部門責令用人單位立即退還給勞動者本人。
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