游動基因 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [yóudòngjīyīn]
游動基因
英文
roving dna-
Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms ; with majority of them are benthic invertebrates. in contrast, marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal potential. this paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton. based on findings in 38 studied taxa, it was concluded that : 1 ) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton, suggesting holoplankton speciation was more active than previously thought ; 2 ) current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplankton ; 3 ) geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton. however, contribution of allopatric speciation is still questionable ; 4 ) ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton. cryptic speciation in marine holoplankton is paradoxical, because rapid speciation under strong gene flow is countertuitive. solution of this paradox will help us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity
隱種廣泛存在於各類海洋生物中，尤其是底棲無脊椎動物.然而，海洋終生浮游生物由於具有較強的擴散能力，往往被視為生物多樣性低、物種形成慢.本文就海洋終生浮游生物隱種與物種形成的研究作一綜述.基於研究的38個種類，結果表明: 1 ）海洋終生浮游生物普遍存在隱種，其物種形成要比想象得快; 2 ）由於引種的廣泛存在，形態種生物多樣性無法反映海洋終生浮游生物真正的物種多樣性; 3 ）地理隔離有助於海洋終生浮游生物隱種的形成，但異域物種形成的作用仍值得商榷; 4 ）生態物種形成很可能是海洋終生浮游生物物種形成的主流模式.海洋終生浮游生物強基因流下快速的物種形成有悖于生物進化常理，解決該悖論將有助於我們對海洋物種形成和生物多樣性的理解Degenerate oligonucleotides to highly conserved regions of cucumis melo 1 - aminocyclopropane - 1 - carboxylic acid ( acc ) oxidase gene were used to prime the amplification of fragment of 128bp by ploymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) in samples of genomic dna from fruit of cucumis melo l. cv hetao flesh, which was cloned into plasmid vector pmd - 18 - t. the clon of antisense orientation were selected, and it was inserted downstream of camv35s promoter and enhancer " " of tmv into the plant expression vector pbinyxw, antisence expression vector pbinya was constructed. at the base that pollination and fertilization of cucumis melo l. cv hetao was studied, using pollen tube pathway transformate cucumis melo l. cv hetao, 76 fruit had been obtained, moreover, hardness and content of sugar were analysed
本實驗以河套蜜瓜果肉基因組dna為模板，用甜瓜acc氧化酶基因特異寡核苷酸鏈為引物進行pcr擴增，得到128bp的擴增產物。將得到的擴增產物克隆到質粒載體pmd - 18 - t上，篩選反向克隆，然後將其反向構建到植物表達載體pbinyxw的camv35s啟動子和tmv增強子「 」的下游，構建成反義表達載體pbinya 。並在對河套蜜瓜授粉受精生物學研究的基礎上，通過花粉管通道法轉化河套蜜瓜，共獲76顆瓜，並進行了硬度和含糖量的分析。These results suggested that higher accumulation of ergosterol might be induced by imazalil in the isolate of pd07, which contained 4 - 126bp tandemly repeated in cyp51 gene more than that in the pd23
與敏感菌株相比，抗性菌株cyp51基因啟動子上游多了4個126bp的串聯重復序列，推測該重復序列可能是導致cyp51基因過量表達的內在原因。Further, their luciferase activities were determined in ty medium, and showed that tn5 - 1063 was inserted directly into loci downstream of promoters in 042bm genome
它們都表現發光酶活性，表明轉座子正向插入到基因組中的某個啟動子下游。The c - phycocyanin ( cpc ) operon of blue - green alga ( or cyanobacteria ) arthrospira platensis fachb341 was cloned, sequenced and characterized by using chromoseme walking method. the sequence includes cpcb gene ( 519 bp ), cpca gene ( 489 bp ), cpch gene ( 357 bp ), and upstream sequence of cpcb ( 427 bp ) and upstream sequence of cpch genes ( 184 bp ), 111 bp of phycocyanin intergenetic spacer ( pc - igs ). upstream sequence of cpcb gene was ligated into promoter - probe vector pegfp - 1 and transformed into three systems : e. coli, synechocystis pcc 6803 and a. platensis fachb341 by supersonic and electrophoresis methods
根據genbank中報道的節旋藻藻藍蛋白基因序列設計引物，首先克隆了鈍頂節旋藻（ arthrospiraplatensisfachb341 ）藻藍蛋白操縱子中亞基基因、亞基基因部分序列及二者之間的間隔區序列（ pc - igs ）並進行序列測定，然後根據此測序結果設計引物，通過染色體步移法克隆得到藻藍蛋白操縱子長度為2086bp的基因片段，其中包括藻藍蛋白亞基基因（ cpcb ， 519bp ） ，亞基基因（ cpca ， 489bp ） ，連接蛋白h基因（ cpch ， 357bp ） ，亞基基因上游啟動子序列（ 427bp ）以及各基因之間的間隔區（ pc - igs ， 111bp ； cpch與cpca間隔區， 184bp ） 。Studies revealed that p - catenin dissociated from ccc and translocated into free catenin pool in cytosol after it has been phosphorylated at tyrosine or serine residues, and in this situation, the ccc has been disrupted and cell adhesion function disturbed. a large amount of the free p - catenins in the cytosol can be degraded by the tumor suppressor apc, and the remains translocate into nucleus and bind to transcriptional factor tcf / lef in the nucleus and then promote cell proliferation related gene or anti - apoptosis gene transcription
當-連環蛋白酪氨酸或絲氨酸殘基磷酸化后，就與ajs發生解離而游離到細胞漿中，此時細胞的粘附功能也發生障礙，游離到胞漿中的-連環蛋白，一部分被抑癌因子apc降解，一部分則轉移到細胞核內，與核內的轉錄因子tcf lef結合，啟動與細胞增殖有關的基因轉錄。Different amount of copies in different tissues attribute to the different density of positive signals. the result of the experiment suggested that the transgenic animals can be produced by spermatozoa - mediated gene transfer after the entrapment of liposome. and because the exogenous dna occurs losing the segments. partly integration, or existin g outside of genome dna, the rate of chimerism is relatively high
結果表明： （ 1 ）脂質體包裹外源基因轉染精子的方法，可將外源基因導入受精卵中，能夠獲得轉基因動物，並得到了較高的轉基因陽性率； （ 2 ）精子攜帶的外源dna的整合過程是隨機的，在受精過程和胚胎早期分化過程中可能發生了片段丟失、不完全整合或游離于基因組存在而產生嵌合體。Secondly, the hyaluronate lyase gene ( hyl ) was cloned into the vector puc19 by pcr using the total ona sample ofs. equi as template and partially sequenced, too
Equi的總dna為模板，通過pcr方法，克隆了透明質酸分解酶基因（ hyl ） ，測序后連接到表達載體pse380的trc啟動子下游，構建表達質粒pse380 - hyl 。The transient expression of lacz driven by crtw 306bp s ' - flanking sequence and crtz 302bp s ' - flanking sequence shows that these two sequences habour transcription regulatory sequences
以lacz為報告基因的瞬間表達實驗結果表明，長度分別為306bp和302bp的crtw和crtz5 '上游側翼序列具有很強的啟動轉錄活性，提示兩段序列包含了啟動子的結構。Both the mature genes of gloshedobin and gussurobin were cloned into the vector pet - 32a ( + ), strain bl21 ( de3 ), to study their expression in prokaryotic cell. the gene was expressed under t7 promoter with a fusion protein partner of thx. tag and a 6x his. tag at its n - terminal. having been induced by iptg for 4 hours, the recombinant enzyme was examined in the cytoplasm by sds - page analysis
將大連蛇島蝮蛇和長白山白眉蝮蛇毒類凝血酶基因分別克隆到大腸桿菌表達載體pet - 32 （ a ） +中，在t7啟動子下表達出融合蛋白，融合部分為硫氧還蛋白，位於類凝血酶基因上游，並在其n端帶6xhistag標簽以利於表達產物的分離純化，經熱激轉化至宿主菌bl21 （ de3 ）中， iptg誘導斗小時后收獲菌體。In the study, several recombinant expression vectors were constructed in vitro by using the technique of gene engineering, making pheromone 3 be expressed under the control of different promoters and signal pcptides
本研究利用基因工程的方法，體外構建重組表達質粒，探索用不同的啟動子和信號肽序列表達八肋游仆蟲信息素3蛋白。In the research of transgenic fish, green fluorescent protein gene was sub - cloned to downstream of carp p - actin gene promoter that was cloned in pucusa by molecular recombination technology. thus pagfp plasmid was constructed successfully. the recombination was determined by digestion of restriction enzyme and sequencing
實驗通過分子重組技術，採用定向克隆法將綠色熒光蛋白基因亞克隆到puc118a上鯉魚-肌動蛋白基因啟動子下游，構建成能在真核生物體內表達的表達載體pagfp ，經雙酶酶切法序列鑒定后，回收帶啟動子和目的基因片段。One of the characteristics discriminating from the other type of promoters is having some specific elements in the upstream relative to the specific control of the seed - specific gene expression
它區別于其它類型啟動子的一個顯著特點是上游存在一些特異的調控元件與調控種子特異性基因的特異表達有關。Activity of each construct was determined. the basal promoter was located at about 60bp up stream of the transcription initiation site. it contains a tata box at - 33bp which is required for the transcription initiation
基因的基本啟動子元件位於轉錄起始位點上游約60bp ，其中含有一個位於- 33bp處的tatabox ，它對于轉錄起始起著重要作用。It is suggested that 538bp sequence of ast gene 5 " end had been cloned after the 138bp fragment was linked up with the 706bp fragment. the analysis of 538bp sequence with the software of promoter prediction indicated that there maybe exist four transcriptional initiator sites, one caat - box and two gc - boxes
將該片段與706bp的片段對接后，表明克隆到了ast基因的上游啟動子的538bp序列，通過promoterpredict軟體進行啟動子的分析，顯示該序列存在可能的四個轉錄起始位點，一個caat框和兩個gc框。Yeast one - hybrid assay revealed that all of the four dreb proteins specifically bound to the dre element
經酵母單雜交驗證，每個dreb蛋白都能與順式作用元件dre結合，啟動下游基因的表達。( 3 ) on the basis of the deletion analysis, three substitution mutants ( ml : 6bp sequence upstream of gcc box m2 : gcc box and m3 : g box - like sequence ) by pcr were designed to isolate the essential ja - responsive element. transgenic tobacco plants containing promoter substitution constructs were generated by agrobacterium - rnqdiaied leaf transformation. loss - of - function experiment, using transient expression analysis of gus reporter genes, confirmed that gcc box act as an essential element to respond ja signaling in pdf1. 2 promoter
（ 3 ）在缺失突變的基礎上，通過對gccbox及其相鄰的上下游六個堿基進行取代突變，將突變啟動子與gus構建融合基因，在煙草中受heja誘導的瞬時表達結果表明， h1和m3的突變對該啟動子應答ja信號的影響很小，而m2 （ gccbox的突變）則幾乎使該啟動子應答ja信號的功能完全喪失，所以gccbox是該啟動子中應答ja信號的必需元件。The most efficient regulation of gene occurs at transcription level by regulating the interaction between transcription factors and upstream regulation sequence. thus, to investigate promoter of a target gene will be helpful to predicate the principle of molecule regulation, biological function of molecule and even involving pathogenesis of some diseases
轉錄水平是調控蛋白質表達效率最高的環節，通過影響相應的轉錄因子與啟動子和上游調控序列的相互作用調控目的基因的表達，因此研究基因的啟動子對于了解基因的表達調控規律、闡明分子的結構和生物學功能乃至疾病的發生都有重要的意義。Then, 5. 5kb thrombiotin gene was amplified with the same technique from the genome of a baby ' s blood, which included the begining part of intronl to the teminator. in addition, 6. 0kb and 1. 8kb homlogous arms were also amplified from a cow with high yield. the 6. 0kb homologous arm contains the promotor, extron 1, extron2, extron3 and intron 1, intron2 and part of the intron3 fragment, while the 1. 8kb homologous right arms contains exon13, exon14 and part of intron 13, the whole intron14 and part intron 14 of asl - casein gene of bovine
通過長片段pcr從高產奶牛的基因組中獲得了打靶所需的長、短同源臂序列，長度分別為6 . 0kb和1 . 8kb ，位於s1 -酪蛋白基因的5上游區到第三內含子和十二到十四內含子；從綿羊全血基因組克隆得到了綿羊的-酪蛋白基因啟動子區到第二內含子區4 . 1kb的5調控序列；利用同對引物克隆得到了水牛的同基因序列；從廣西當地一嬰兒臍血基因組中通過獲得了人血小板生成素基因，位於第1內含子到終止子後部分的序列，長達5 . 5kb 。A new e. coli promoter - probe vector phn1005 was constructed by using a red - shift enhanced gfpmut3 as reporter gene and showed the following characters : 1, bamhi at the 5 " end of gfpmut3 structure gene could be used to clone promoter - active fragment and the strength of promoter could be quantitatively assayed. 2, a rrnbtlt2 terminator from rrna gene at the 3 " end of gfpmut3 could permit clone strong promoter. 3, another rrnbt1t2 terminator was inserted upstream bamhi to prevent reading through of promoters from puc19
進一步以紅移且熒光強度提高21倍的gfpmut3為報告基因，構建了大腸桿菌啟動子探針載體phn1005 ，該載體上gfpmut3結構基因5 』端的bamhi位點可用來克隆具有啟動子活性的dna片段並定量分析插入的啟動子強度；其3 』端含rrnat1t2終止子，可允許克隆強啟動子；在bamhi上游同樣插入rrnat1t2終止子以防止載體puc19上的啟動子的轉錄通讀； gfpmut3結構基因上游還插入一段內含子序列使正反六種讀碼框的翻譯均可被終止，可保證gfpmut3以正確的讀碼框翻譯。分享友人