滯燃的 的英文怎麼說

Because of its extensive application and underdeveloped research level in our country, this paper establish the numerical model of blank cartridge ejecting device, the whole process from blank cartridge burning to eject missile is analyzed by classic interior ballistic theory and gas dynamics. several simulation examples are given, and the effect of different parameter structure on ejecting device is discussed

鑒于這類系統在我國的廣泛應用與相對滯后的研究水平，本文針對三種類型五種型號的掛彈鉤建立了拋放彈彈射機構的數學物理計算模型，用經典內彈道和氣體動力學理論分析了火藥彈燃燒到彈射活塞完全推離懸掛物的整個過程。

Dcn test method for the determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number of diesel fuel oils by combustion in a constant volume chamber

用等容室燃燒法測定柴油燃料油的滯燃期和導出十六烷值

Standard test method for determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number of diesel fuel oils by combustion in a constant volume chamber

通過在定容室內燃燒測定柴油燃料油的滯燃期和導出十六烷值的標準試驗方法

The sensitive time lag theory circumvents the problems inherent in the description of unsteady combustion by use of a simplified two-parameter response function.

敏感時滯理論用簡化的雙參數響應函數來描述不穩定燃燒，從而繞過了某些固有的難點。

Gas jets were flaring under the low ceiling, and a vague smell of cookery hung about the folds of the hangings

煤氣燈在低矮的天花板下燃著，墻飾的皺褶里滯留著隱隱約約的菜肴氣味。

The investigation has declared that the fuel injection with bq fuel pump had higher injection pressure, bigger fuel supply rate and shouter fuel supply duration, which would cause the fuel injection quantity and the fule - air mixture to increase during ignition delay period, the pre - mixed combustion to become acutely, and finally result in increased power levels of noise

研究表明，裝配bq噴油泵，噴油系統的噴油壓力較高，供油速率較大和供油持續時間縮短，使得滯燃期的噴油量增加，滯燃期內形成的可燃混合較多，預混燃燒劇烈，導致整機噪聲聲功率級增加。

The time lag can be envisioned as the time required for the liquid propellants to travel from the injector to an effective combustion "front. "

可以把遲滯想象為液體推進劑從噴注器運行到有效燃燒「鋒」所需的時間。

The pilot fuel model has been given to calculate the distribution of the liquid fuel and time of fuel pre - combustion, at the same time, analyzing the important action to the combustion of the natural gas in the combustion chamber of engine, determining the best quantity of pilot fuel. the explosive combustion model has been established to compute the pressure of the cylinder during the combustion, determining the main influence factors. the emission model has been established to forecast the co, nox emission

理論方面，提出了基於化學反應的燃燒模型?多組分氣相反應系統的化學反應動力學模型，以此進行雙燃料發動機的熱力學?化學反應動力計算；引燃油燃燒模型，計算引燃油液滴的分佈規律和滯燃期，驗證引燃油在雙燃料發動機燃燒過程中的作用，揭示不同噴油規律對雙燃料發動機的影響，確定在不同負荷下的合理引燃油量；爆震模型，揭示爆震與工質能量釋放間的關系和影響爆震的各種運轉因素，確定合理的爆震依據，減小爆震傾向。

It ' s the first time to explore the combustion characteristics of lpg / diesel mixing fuel engine, and find that, with the change of load and rotation, the changing trend of the ignition delay period of e10 mixing fuel is almost as identical as that of the diesel, but that of e30 mixing fuel is very different. comparing with diesel, the combustion of e10 is improved slightly, but that of e30 greatly changes ; the maximum eruptive pressure decreases ; the maximum pressure increase rate decreases ; the highest releasing heat rate increases ; the highest combustion temperature falls ; the ignition delay period extends

結果表明: e10混合燃料與柴油的著火滯燃期隨負荷和轉速的變化趨勢基本一致; e30混合燃料與柴油則有所不同; eio混合燃料發動機的燃燒與純柴油相比，略有改善; e30混合燃料的燃燒特性發生明顯的變化，最高爆發壓力下降，最大壓力升高率減小，最大燃燒放熱率增大，最高燃燒溫度下降，滯燃期延長。

Alkali recovery is an effective way dealing with the black - liquor in pulp mill. black - liquor evaporation and combustion in, alkali recovery are complicated industrial processes. they have characteristics such as strong coupling, non - linearity, large time delay, parameter examining difficulty, etc. and people require more effective control system for the processes "

堿回收是紙廠處理黑液的有效方法，造紙堿回收過程中的燃燒和蒸發工段是復雜的工業過程，具有復雜性、非線性、大時滯和參數檢測困難等特點，而且人們對于控制系統的控制性能也提出越來越高的要求，常規控制技術已經沒有辦法滿足生產的需要。

A series of reformation in urban gas industry and other public utilities has been carried out since 1990s, while compared with other industries, the extent of reformation in urban gas is the smallest and the high level of conflict is considerably obvious, the reformation is at a standstill

但是，從總體上說，城市燃氣等公用事業規制體制的改革力度和步伐相比其他行業是最小的，還處于比較滯后的狀態。同其他行業改革相比，我國城市燃氣產業深層次的體制矛盾還相當突出，改革還處于「膠著」狀態。

Investigation results show that dme engine has shorter ignition delay, lower peak pressure, lower maximum rate of pressure rise

研究表明:二甲醚發動機具有短的滯燃期，較低的最高爆發壓力和最大壓力升高率。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

These materials are strong, durable, have a ceramic - like sound and feel with good surface characteristics, are creep resistant, cost - effective, have broad chemical resistance, good electrical insulating properties, and are inherently flame retardant without the use of flame retardant additives

這些材料堅固耐用，有陶瓷一般的音質和質地，有優良的表面特徵，抗攀爬，節省成本，對多種化學品都有抵抗作用，具有優良的電絕緣特性，無需使用滯燃添加劑而具有天然的滯燃作用。

Dynamic matrix control ( dmc ) can directly treat with objects with pure delay, has strong adaptability to large inertia, approved tracking performance and better robustness, but primary steam temperature object and boiler fuel regulating object are both intricate objects with large inertia and time delay, which are difficult to obtain perfect control effect using routine pid cascade control

由於動態矩陣控制（ dmc ）能直接處理帶有純滯后的對象，對大慣性有很強的適應能力，有良好的跟蹤性能和較強的魯棒性，而主汽溫對象和鍋爐燃料調節對象均是具有大慣性大延遲的復雜對象，用常規pid串級控制難以取得理想的控制效果。

The ship may omit calling at any port or ports whether scheduled or not, and may call at the same port more than once ; may for matters occurring before loading the goods, known or unknown at the time of such loading and matters occurring after such loading, either with or without the goods or passengers on board, and before or after proceeding toward the port of discharge, adjust compasses, dry dock, with or without cargo aboard go on ways or to repair yards, shift berths, make trial trips or tests, take fuel or stores, remain in port, sail with or without pilots, tow and be towed, and save or attempt to save life or property ; and all of the foregoing are included in the contract voyage

船舶可不停靠任何港口，不論其是否列在航程表上，且可多次停靠同一港口；可因裝貨前所發生的事務，不論裝貨時是否知情，和因裝貨后發生的事務，不論貨物或旅客是否在船上，在抵達卸貨港前後，調整航向，駛入船塢，不論是否載有貨物啟程或駛向修理工廠，移泊，進行試航或試驗，裝載燃料或儲存品，停滯在港，是否引水，牽引或被牽引，救助或試圖救助生命或財產；上述所有事項均包含在航程合同之中。

The simulations results show that the spoiler is available to make the fuel and the oxidizer coming from the former to stay in the cavity for a long time, to let the fuel and oxidizer mix and burn completely. since there is a high temperature zone forming by vortex in the middle of the motor, it required a restricted thermal protection. the plate with holes decreased the vortex function in the cavity, which could not promote the combustion efficiency, but to decrease temperature in the cavity and be benefit to thermal protection of the wall

計算結果分析表明:擾流板可以使燃料和氧化劑在擾流腔內的滯留時間加長，促進燃料與氧化劑的摻混燃燒，提高燃燒效率，但由於渦流在發動機的中間部位形成了高溫燃燒區域，致使局部燃料和絕熱層燒蝕速率增大，加大了熱防護的難度;孔板結構減弱了擾流腔內迴流區的漩流作用，不能增加推進劑燃燒效率，但可以使擾流腔內的溫度降低，給壁面熱防護帶來好處。

However, cfb technology itself is developing fast, and the combustion process of cfb is highly non - linear, with high uncertainty, large time delay and high multi - variable coupling, making the process complicated. so far, the research on the combustion mechanism and its fuzziness is immature, therefore, there is no good model for real - time control of the process

但是，迄今為止循環流化床鍋爐仍然是一種工藝上不斷改進的新型鍋爐，它的燃燒過程具有高度的非線性、不確定性、時變和大滯后，及多變量耦合嚴重等復雜特性，尤其是目前對其燃燒機理和模糊化的研究不太成熟，還沒有能用於實時控制的完善的模型。

This paper presents the experimental results of ignition and combustion of semi - coke particles. in the experiment, the ignition temperature, ignition delay, particle burnout time and temperature career during combustion of semi - coke particles with different sizes are measured. the experimental data of the ignition and combustion process are discussed and analyzed. the comparison between the experimental and the theoretical results are also carried out

實驗研究了半焦粒子著火與燃燒過程，測定了幾種尺寸的半焦粒子在不同環境溫度下的著火溫度、著火滯燃期、燃盡時間和燃燒過程中的粒子溫度等與燃燒過程相關的參數變化，對影響半焦粒子燃燒的因素進行分析討論，並將實驗結果與理論計算結果進行了對比分析，兩者在一定范圍內有較好的一致。

The pro lcool programme ended with a hangover around 1990 as oil prices fell and cane growers switched back from ethanol to sugar, infuriating drivers of ethanol - only cars

這項計劃在1990年隨著石油價格的下跌開始停滯，而一些種植甘蔗的農場主也開始從乙醇轉向糖業，留下的是那些憤怒的只能以乙醇做燃料的汽車司機。