漸進式變革 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jiānjìnshìbiàngé]
漸進式變革
英文
incremental change-
The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man
本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。On the one hand, small business problems play a more and more important role in stimulating and stabilizing the social economy, relaxing the underemployment pressure, satisfying the characteristic demands and accelerating technological advance. on the other hand, small business is a pioneer in the step - by - step market reform. all the state - owned small business, private small business and township small business adopt themselves to the changing market environment by system innovation, technology innovation and market innovation
一方面，中小企業的發展是社會經濟的推進器和穩定器，其在緩解就業壓力、推動經濟增長、滿足個性化要求、促進科技進步等方面發揮著日益重要的作用；另一方面，中小企業是漸進式市場化改革的先驅，無論是國有中小企業、民營中小企業，還是鄉鎮企業，它們都通過體制創新、技術創新、市場創新等途徑來適應不斷變化的市場環境，並走出了一條適應市場經濟要求的創業發展之路。This paper tries to have some innovations in the following aspects : ( 1 ) the main cause of our tax revenue depending mainly on turnover tax is short of innovation in system ; ( 2 ) it ' s innovation in system to impel the rising of income tax in developed counties, which is a good example for us to learn from in the optimization of our tax structure ; ( 3 ) the main function of turnover and income tax should be separated according to their characters ; ( 4 ) the reforms in turnover and income tax should be taken simultaneously, congenially and complementally, although the former will be more progressive while the later more abrupt ; ( 5 ) the essential function of tax is to raise revenue, but its fair - promoting effect is much more obvious in disbursing than in collecting
本文力求在以下幾個方面有所創新： （ 1 ）認為我國稅種收入過度依賴流轉稅的主要原因是制度創新力度不夠； （ 2 ）認為制度創新是推動發達國家所得稅從弱到強的主要原因，提出我國稅種結構優化需要在制度上大膽創新； （ 3 ）提出根據各個稅種的特性，流轉稅和所得稅的主要功能應有所分工； （ 4 ）流轉稅和所得稅的改革應雙管齊下，以漸進的方式改革流轉稅，以突變的方式改革所得稅，分工協作，優勢互補； （ 5 ）提出稅收的主要功能是籌集收入，稅收在徵收環節在促進結果公平方面效果甚微，稅收在支出環節更能有效促進結果公平。Rmb deposit and loan interest rate float block expands gradually, and progressively move towards marketization day by day. part iii : on the basis of using the experience and lessons of the change of interest rate in other countries for reference in course of the interest rate marketization, it is believed that there should be a course of raising up slightly in the interest rate in the early stage. but the market fluctuations it causes will not be too much ; according to actual operation result and a medium or long term of the reform, foreign currency interest rate has already drawn close to international interest rate competence progressively ; viewed from a short time, rmb loan interest rate total competence will tend towards dropping, some loan interest rate may rise ; the interest rate of the deposit will raise up unilaterally
總體而言，發展中國家的存貸利差要高於發達國家；第二部分：在總結前幾年利率改革包括市場化改革的基礎上，認為，迄今為止，我國利率市場化改革的程度總體上還比較低：同業拆借利率、貨幣市場債券回購利率、現券交易利率、外幣貸款利率、大額外幣存款利率等已完全市場化或基本市場化，人民幣存貸款利率的浮動區間已逐漸擴大，並已漸進的方式日益走向市場化；第三部分：在借鑒境外利率市場化過程中利率變動的經驗教訓的基礎上，認為在我國利率市場化的初期，利率應該有一小幅上揚的過程，但是其造成的市場波動應該不會太大；從改革的實際運作結果和中長期來看，外幣利率已經逐步的向國際利率水平靠攏；從短期來看，人民幣貸款利率總水平將趨于下降，部分貸款利率有可能上升，存款利率將會單邊上揚。Thirdly, with induction method, deductive and the method of theory and practice writer insists that gradual economic institutional change according to chinese situation behaves visible characteristics of path dependency and endogenesis, and it will produce many problems which can baffle the following economic institutional change
再次，運用歸納、演繹、理論與實際相結合的方法，分析得出中國經濟體制改革實質是基於中國國情的、整體上的漸進式制度變遷過程，此過程具有明顯的路徑依賴性、內生非移植性等特徵，註定帶來阻礙中國進一步經濟制度變遷的若干問題。And only by doing this, can we research and explain the mystery of “ missing money ” more clearly and reasonably. since 1978, china has gone through its economic and financial reform gradually, and many big changes occurred in china ’ s economic field, especially about the changes in so many aspects, such as the price - system, tax - system, financial - system, foreign - exchange management as well as social insurance system, ect. in a word, china ’ s economic system has been changing from “ planned - oriented economic system ” to “ market - oriented economic system ”
從1978年至今，中國漸進式的經濟、金融體制改革已走過了20多年的歷程，整個經濟金融領域發生了一系列重大的變化，無論在價格體制、財稅體制、金融體制、投資體制、外匯管理體制、社會保障體制等諸多方面都進行了深刻改革，中國經濟運行機制逐步實現了由計劃經濟向社會主義市場經濟的根本轉變。Part 4 proposes the property rights as the breach of chinese bank system reform should take the thorough separation of the ultimate property rights and the legal personal property rights as the prerequisite and take the joint stock system as the ultimate form. due to the strains in chinese bank reform, the author views that, on the basis of the reports at the 16th national peoples " congress, the joint stock system reform with flexibility, emphasis and division ought to be conducted and state - owned capital ought to fade out of the domain of competitive commercial bank
對于股份制改革的具體路徑，本文指出，鑒於我國迄今銀行改革的困境，應以十六大報告為指導方針，以靈活的形式，分階段、有重點地對銀行系統進行股份制改革，促進股權的多元化、分散化和社會化，在銀行業重組中以非公有製成分的發展激活體制內產權變革，除政策性金融領域外，國有資本漸次從竟爭性的商業銀行領域淡出。Nowdays, under the pressure of agricultural manufacture mostly depend on market, and the peasants requirements becomes excessive, to enhance the efficiency of the small farmer " economy in large market, decrease the risk and indeterminacy in market bargaining, there must have a organization to be the agency inter peasants and market, the organization must delegate benefit of the peasants straightly and in deed, so construct farmer cooperative organization is. very important we can know the facts through evaluate the performance of the peasants cooperative organization history : the knowledge about cooperative and follow which guidance have some relation in the development of peasants cooperative organization ; we should choose the gradually pattern for system flux, must consider the economic behavior expect in the main body of organization - the farms
通過對農民合作組織的歷史績效評價可以看到：對合作的認識和遵循的指導思想與農民合作組織的發展關系很大；在制度變遷道路選擇上應考慮借鑒漸進式改革之路；必須考慮參加者主體?農戶的經濟行為預期及產權結構、組織壟斷、規模等因素的影響。農民合作組織發展的必然性源於農業生產的生物性、地域分散性和生產的隨意性，同時也決定農民合作經濟組織必須具有靈活性、多樣化、可過渡性和以社區為基礎的特殊要求。從制度經濟學分析，農民合作經濟組織在降低農民外部交易成本、實現公平和效率平衡、降低風險和不確定性等方面具有經濟上的合理性，所以有進一步規范和發展的必要。The problems our capital market meets with include institutional hindrance and functional defects that lead to an over - animated fund - raising and a weakening of the optimization of resource co1location which in turn result in the low efficiency of the operation of our capital market
中國資本市場改革和發展實質是一個漸進式的制度變遷過程，市場化成分逐漸滲透而計劃經濟成分逐步淡化是其主要特徵。資本市場籌資功能亢奮，優化資源配置功能發揮被抑制，導致了我國資本市場運行的低效率。Balance factors of the governance model to foreign typical companies and reforming procedures of incentive and constraint for managers to stage - owned enterprise by analyzing. the paper tries to explore the current existing problems of incentive and constraint mechanism for managers
在對國外典型公司治理模式的均衡因素進行比較分析以及對國有企業漸進式改革過程中經營者激勵、約束制度變遷進行分析的基礎上，探討了國有企業經營者激勵、約束均衡機制的現狀及其存在的問題。分享友人