現存碳 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xiàncúntàn]
現存碳
英文
contemporary carbon-
Based on the analyses on mechanical properties, microstructure and fracture of - the microalloyed steels socrv with various heat treatment technique, it can be affirmed that various fractures arttribute to various mechanism, we can draw conclusion that the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels 50crv will be increase simultaneously by optimal heat treatment technique. to illustrate the mechanism of the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels socrv, we designed the comparative experiment and observed the microstructure of the sample which occurred at different quench and tempering temperature and different tempering time. the last experiment results were determined by the four factors : fined microalloyed elements grains, the decompound of martensite, martensite transformation of remnant austenite and the second phase precipitation
為解釋微合金化50crv鋼強韌化機理，本文通過對不同淬火溫度，回火溫度，回火時間下的力學性能指標的對比及顯微分析，認為微合金元素的細化晶粒，馬氏體的回火分解，殘余奧氏體的轉變，第二相的沉澱析出共同決定了微合金鋼的強韌化情況，特別是由於微合金元素的存在，其細化晶粒及其碳氮化物的沉澱析出，導致鋼的良好的強韌性，並且如果工藝滿足第二相的沉澱析出強化大於回火馬氏體分解引起的軟化效應，會在硬度曲線中產生明顯的二次硬化現象。The main results are following : ( 1 ) the variation of clay / silt ratio can indicate the secondary clay action of dust depositions ; the variations of magnetic susceptibility and total fe content are inferred to be records of the changeable intensity of bio - pedogenesis ; the variations of sr content and rb / sr ratio can indicate bio - pedogenesis, dissolving and leaching action ; the content of total organic carbon ( toc ) can reflect variation of climate and vegetation during soil formation, it indicates the intensity of weathering and bio - pedogenesis ; the content variation of caco3 can show the intensity of dissolving - leaching action and secondary deposit, which was noted as pseudomycilia in pores and fissures in the sediment, so it can indicate the intensity bio - pedogenesis quite well. these proxy indexes also reflect obvious regional difference of pedogenic environment and the intensity bio - pedogenesis ; namely, secondary clay action, dissolving - leaching action and bio - pedogenesis are all much stronger in south than that in north
實驗結果表明：粘粒粉沙比值能很好地指示粉塵堆積物的次生粘化作用；磁化率和全鐵很好地指示生物風化成壤作用； sr和rb sr比值能很好的指示生物風化成壤作用和淋溶作用；總有機碳（ toc ）含量的高低，在一定程度上反應了土壤發育過程中氣候和植被狀況的變化，指示著成壤過程中腐殖質化的程度； caco3含量的變化，可以反映了黃土古土壤形成時的風化成壤作用的強弱程度，指示成壤過程中的淋溶作用和次生碳酸鹽化作用；並且各指標所指示的成壤環境和成壤強度存在明顯的區域差異，即渭河流域土壤的生物風化成壤作用、次生粘化作用和淋溶作用均表現出南部強于北部。Proceed from the present situation of nanometer tio2 powder industry in our country, confront more problems in preparation of nanometer tio2. on the base of analyzing advantages and disadvantages of existing every methods, neutralization precipitation method is adopted, using self - prepare tioso4 solution as raw material, soda as precipitant to precipitate titanous hydroxide precipitation, then obtained anatase nanometer titanium dioxide after heat treatment
從我國發展納米tio _ 2粉體產業的現狀出發，針對納米tio _ 2制備中現存的問題，我們在綜合分析對比了現有各種方法優缺點的基礎上，採用中和沉澱法，以自制的tioso _ 4為原料，碳酸鈉作沉澱劑沉澱出ti （ oh ） _ 4沉澱，經熱處理得到銳鈦型納米tio _ 2粉體。The particles distributed hi the matrix of grey cast iron, but some contact each other. the composite layer extend gradually into the substrate. when volume fraction of wc is 36 wt % and 27 wt %, the matrix of the composite is high chromium cast iron, consist of white carbide bars and the austenite. wc particles distributed uniformly, retaining approximately quondam granular form in the composite layer which has an evident interface area with the substrate, with good bonding strength
對不同碳化鎢體積分數的灰鐵和低鉻鑄鐵基復合材料的微觀組織結構分析表明：碳化鎢體積分數為52時，復合層內基體為灰口鑄鐵組織，顆粒直接分佈在灰鐵基體上，部分碳化鎢顆粒有相互接觸的現象，基材與復合層之間沒有明顯的過渡；碳化鎢體積分數為36 、 27時，復合層內基體為高鉻鑄鐵，由面塊狀的奧氏體和白條狀碳化物組成，碳化鎢顆粒表面固溶於基體組織中，粒形基本保持完整，分佈均勻，與基體構成冶金結合，基材與復合層之間存在一個明顯的平緩過渡區。On the research of cfrc, infrared thermograph detection under joule heat by adding voltage to the cfrc specimens is found to be a feasible and effective method of inspection, which can avoid the defects
在碳纖維混凝土（ cfrc ）的研究中發現，對碳纖維混凝土試件進行外加電壓的焦耳內熱源紅外檢測可以改善上述存在的局限性。We also studied the dynamic characteristics of cf / cu ( c ) - cu composites, the results show that, by the method of graphite is coated with copper, the coefficient of friction and the wear rates remarkably decreased. with the increase of the copper coated carbon fiber content, the wear rates of cf / cu ( c ) - cu composites is notably decreased, while the coefficient of friction is increased. with the increase of electric current density, the wear rate of cf / cu ( c ) - cu composites is increased
研究發現，碳纖維鍍銅石墨-銅復合材料的電摩擦磨損性能與碳纖維含量存在一最佳值，當碳纖維含量為0 . 6時，其電摩擦磨損性能最好；對于不同電流密度下的電磨損性能的比較可以發現，通電磨損時的電摩擦系數要小於機械磨損時的摩擦系數，碳纖維鍍銅石墨-銅復合材料的電摩擦系數隨電流密度增大先減小而後增大，在電流密度為15a cm ~ 2時達到最小值；通電磨損量要遠大於機械磨損量，且隨著電流密度增大，磨損量增加。The content of this paper contains : chapter one introduces the basic concepts, developing course, research significance, application foreground and the present research state of other countries in the world. chapter two introduces the structure characteristic and the performances and applications in the areas such as mechanics, physics and chemistry, then analyzes the present state, existing problem and developing trend of nanotubes research. chapter three introduced several synthesis methods and purification methods of nanotubes and nanofibers detailedly. chapter four concentrates on the research of two foreign research groups who use carbon - hydrogen gases flames to produce carbon nanotubes
論文的主要結構如下：第一章介紹了納米材料科學的基本概念、發展歷程、研究意義、應用前景及世界各國的研究現狀。第二章闡述了碳納米管的結構特徵以及力學、物理和化學等各方面性能和應用，並且分析了碳納米管這種新型碳材料研究目前現狀、存在問題及發展趨勢。第三章詳細介紹了碳納米管和碳納米纖維的幾種傳統制備方法及純化方法。By studying characteristics, merits and solving problems of the different nozzle and new spray equipment in asphalt gas decontaminating for carbon calciner, the research provides a basis for the industrial design of swirl nozzle
摘要在闡述瀝青煙氣凈化系統中不同霧化設備及新型霧化設備特性的基礎上，分析了碳素焙燒爐瀝青煙氣凈化系統的霧化冷卻的技術現狀，並指出了存在的問題，為工程設計選擇霧化設備提供了參考。Results came as follows : in this dissertation, we found that it was the smallness of the positive electrode capacitance that limits the performance of carbon based supercapacitors in alkaline electrolytes, and the performance could be meliorated if the active material loaded on positive electrode increased. activated carbon electrode was proved to have good capacitor performances in neutral electrolyte such as ammonium sulfate solution and ammonium nitrate solution, but a correlated problem is the corrosion of the metal current collector
本文通過考察活性炭電極在堿性電解液中的電極行為，指出活性炭電極在堿性溶液中正極性能較差是影響碳基超級電容器性能的重要因素，增大正極活性物質的載量能夠使電容性能得到一定程度的改善，同時發現活性炭電極在硫酸銨和硝酸銨等中性電解液中具有優越的電極性能，但存在金屬集流體的腐蝕問題。The comparison of stomatal parameters in leaf cuticles between two fossil angiosperms from the pliocene in west yunnan and their nearest living equivalent species indicates a little higher atmospheric co2 level at that time than the present, while carbon isotopic composition of fossil cuticles demonstrates much higher carbon isotopic discrimination and slight lower water use efficiency, showing a warmer and wetter climate than today
摘要對滇西騰沖新近紀兩種被子植物葉片及其現存對應種的氣孔參數和碳同位素組成的綜合分析表明：當時的大氣co2濃度略高於現在水平；化石種的碳同位素分餾值高於現存對應種，但水分利用效率低於現存對應種；這證明當時的氣候條件比當前更為溫暖濕潤。Associated with the study of lighter hydrocarbon constituent, carbon isotope, biomarker and inclusions, adopted the technique of oil source correlation on whole oil samples, it can be confirmed that the hydrocarbon source of viscous crude in permian, in the east slope of jimusaer depression, is pingdiquan formation mudstone ; carboniferous oil comes from carboniferous source rock. meanwhile, the causes of oil formation are investigated based on datum of reservior geochemistry : viscous crude of permian is the result of biodegradation and low maturity working together, and that lighter hydrocarbon constituent of carboniferous oil is missing. at last, the mode and mechanism of the oil pool formation are analysed in the study area according to the structure phylogeny, sedimentary history, and data of reservior geochemistry
本論文根據輕烴、碳同位素、生物標志化合物等資料，運用全烴地球化學油源對比方法進行油源對比，得出吉木薩爾凹陷東斜坡區二疊系的稠油來自平地泉組泥巖，石炭系的稀油來自石炭系本身源巖；同時，根據地化資料研究了原油的成因，認為二疊系稠油是生物降解和成熟度較低共同作用的結果，石炭系的稀油存在輕組分散失現象；最後，綜合構造、沉積、烴源巖和油藏地球化學資料，分析了吉木薩爾凹陷原油的成藏機制和模式。Vast stores of carbon in the form of peat underlie much of the tundra in alaska and russia, evidence that for long periods arctic tundra has been a net carbon sink ; about 600 cubic miles of peat are currently in cold storage
碳以泥煤的形式大量儲存在阿拉斯加與俄羅斯大部份的苔原底下，長期以來北極苔原一直都是碳的儲存槽，現在約有2500立方公里的泥煤冷藏於此。The system can simulate welding expert to help technicians to complete procedure parameter design, set down wps and save them. besides the mechanical property and chemical composition of low carbon & low alloy steel, the weldabiliry and the defect forming analysis of them have been given in the system. furthermore, the estimation of welding cost and welding procedure files management can be accomplished
系統能模擬焊接領域專家輔助設計人員進行焊接工藝參數的設計，編制出wps並保存文件；能進行簡單的焊接成本估算；能實現鐵路、橋梁及其它鋼結構生產中常用的低碳及低合金鋼及其焊接材料的力學性能和化學成分的查詢；能進行母材焊接工藝性以及常見焊縫缺陷成因分析與對策等的咨詢；能對各工藝文件進行有效的管理，包括對圖片的管理，能實現簡便地查詢、靈活地調用等。The main effect factors include : 1. microbial species, which seem to have different degradation rate under varied circumstances and n - alkanes ; 2. physical and chemical properties of crude oil itself, which have an important effect on biodegradation, such as conglutination, boiling point, refractive index, ingredient and concentration of the oil ; and 3. culture condition of microorganism, under which the degrading activity of microorganism will be affected by surfactant, light condition, sorbent, nutrition, co - metabolite, oxygen, temperature and salinity during the inoculation of selected or indigenous microorganisms
其中主要影響因素包括：菌種的影響，菌種在不同的環境中和對不同碳鏈長度的碳氫化合物表現出不同的降解效率；石油物質本身物理化學特性的影響，如石油物質在水體或土壤中的濃度以及石油的粘度、沸點、折射率等特性；生存環境條件的影響，在接種入高效率的降解菌或利用土著微生物進行降解時，降解率受到生存環境中各種條件的影響，如表面活性劑、光照條件、吸附劑的利用、營養鹽、共代謝底物、氧氣、溫度、鹽度等。Wilson said carbon capture and storage are estimated to add 30 percent to the cost of conventional electricity, making gas or coal usage cost roughly the same as wind or solar energy in today ' s dollars
威爾遜說利用碳來吸附和存儲估計會使常規的電力成本增加30 % ，按現在的成本計算起來，這將使使用氣和煤發電與用風和太陽來發電要花費一樣的成本。The metals transported in the various forms by the above processes can be co - consolidated with carbonate precipitation in the top soil, can easily be extracted by ho ac. the structure, weight and mineral constituents of loess change with varies on concentration of ho ac : the boundary between the grain become unclear after different gradually, but when hoac > 3 %, the weight change become smaller. also with increasing of ho ac concentration, the carbonates in loess decreases gradually, while hoac > 3 %, the change become smaller
不同濃度醋酸提取，黃土的結構、重量和礦物組成發生不同變化：黃土團粒界限變得模糊並出現孔洞，可能說明次生碳酸鹽在黃土中主要成膠結物存在；隨醋酸濃度增高，黃土重量逐漸降低，但當醋酸濃度大於3后，重量變化明顯變小；黃土中碳酸鹽礦物含量逐漸降低，當醋酸濃度3后，變化范圍明顯變小。In order to play the whole advantage of supply chain, realize the information sharing, supplement with each other ' s advantages, reach a result of two - wins and set up a steady and healthy cooperative partner and strategic alliance relation, this paper proposes to choice the supplier by combining the actual situation of kunlun machine factory according to the supplier ' s choice standard and method, and then sets up a supplier evaluated indexes system of kunlun machine factory. with the example of the purchase of carbon - forms steel in hai - 2000 productions, the fuzzy - evaluation method is applied in evaluate three supplier of kunlun machine factory, and on the basis of it the encourage measures of different kinds of suppliers is studied. the paper also analyses the influence of e - business to enterprises material purchased and probes into the material purchase strategies under the environment of e - business ; finally, a supply chain integrated performance evaluate index system is designed according to the analyses of supply chain management theory, and two methods of self - evaluated and pole - evaluated are adopted in evaluate the supply chain purchase integrated performance of kunlun machine factory
論文在對采購管理和供應鏈管理理論綜述的基礎上，根據昆侖機械廠采購管理現狀和軍品采購的特點，分析了昆侖機械廠物資采購中存在的問題，研究了昆侖機械廠物資分類采購的策略；為了發揮供應鏈的整體優勢，實現信息共享，優勢互補，達到雙贏效果，建立穩定健康的戰略合作夥伴，按照供應商的選擇標準和方法，結合昆侖機械廠實際對供應商進行選擇，並建立了昆侖機械廠供應商綜合評價的指標體系；以昆侖機械廠的海2000產品中的碳結鋼物資采購為例，運用模糊綜合評價方法對該廠的三家供應商進行了綜合評價，在此基礎上，研究了不同類型的物資供應商的激勵措施；論文分析了電子商務對企業物資采購的影響，探討了昆侖機械廠電子商務環境下的物資采購策略；根據供應鏈管理理論構建了昆侖機械廠物資采購供應鏈，設計了昆侖機械廠供應鏈采購整體績效評價的指標，採用自我評價和標桿評價方法對昆侖機械廠供應鏈采購整體績效進行了評價。Electrochemlcal sensor was widely used in the analytical determination recentlythe studyofchemlcal modified electrode （ cme ） whlchact as electrochemlcal sensor was very plentiful the chemical modified carbon paste electrode （ cmcpe ） which was fabricated by mingling modifier with carbonpaste 叩 plledmore often the cpe has the characteristic ofeaslly modified ， wide using range ， fabricated easily3 innoculty ， long llte span etc because modified spedal substance cmcpe has spedal mnctlon ， it is studied more and more byelectfochemlcal worker now supermolecule chemistry ， the emerging and up to date cross su 刊 ect ， involves all su 刊 ects of chemistry biochemistry and material science etc inthatsupralllolecule c 卜 cthlstry chcffi1stfy offers an effective method for chemists to solve the long term puzzle of improving selectivity ， ithas gotten a great devebpment from it ’ s theory beingput forward we can expect the greatly wide application ofsupermolecule chemistry on cme but because the difficulty how to station it on the surface of ethetrode cannot be solved easily ， the application of supermolecule chemistry on cme was defined
Cmcpe具有了一般碳糊電極的特點，同時又因為修飾了特定物質，使cmcpe具有了特定的功能，越來越受到電分析工作者青睞。而超分子化學是一個新興的跨學科的交叉前沿領域，由於超分子化學解決了一直困擾化學工作者的選擇性問題，因而從其理論提出以來，就得到了巨大的發展。可以預期超分子化學在化學修飾電極方面將有非常廣闊的應用前景，但現在由於將超分子試劑修飾在電極這一環節上存在困難，所以現在超分子試劑在cpe上應用較少，在cmcpe中的應用更少。Ptru / c, ptruwo _ 3 / c and ptrumoo _ 3 / c are prepared by chemical reduction of the appropriate salt solutions, and structural characterizations are carried out with x - ray diffraction. the result indicates pt and ru form alloy and the transition metal oxides are existed in amorphous form
通過化學還原法合成了ptru / c ， ptruwo _ 3 / c和ptrumoo _ 3 / c三種碳載合金催化劑，並進行xrd及tem測試，發現鉑釕組成了合金相，而過渡金屬則是以無定型的結構存在的。The regulation was introduced on hong kong s own initiative to better protect the ozone layer as well as to conserve hong kong s stock of chloroflurocarbons cfcs for use in existing air conditioning equipment in view of the gradual phasing out of controlled refrigerants
該條規例由本港自發引入，用以更有效地保護臭氧層鑒于受管制製冷劑正逐步被淘汰，該規例亦可保存氟氯化碳存貨，供現存的空氣調節裝備使用。分享友人