相對不反應期 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiāngduìbùfǎnyīngqī]
相對不反應期 英文
relative refractory period
  • 相 : 相Ⅰ名詞1 （相貌; 外貌） looks; appearance 2 （坐、立等的姿態） bearing; posture 3 [物理學] （相位...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 不 : 名詞[書面語] （剁物所用的木墩） a block of wood
  • 反 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方向相背） reverse side 2 （造反） rebellion 3 （指反革命、反動派） counterrevolutionari...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 期 : 期名詞[書面語]1. （一周年） a full year; anniversary 2. （一整月） a full month
  • 相對 : 1. （面對面） opposite; face to face 2. （非絕對的） relative 3. （比較的） relatively; comparatively
  1. 1. ecological effects of long - term organophasphate pesticides contamination on soil microflora the long - term effects of organophosphate pesticides contamination on soil microflora were investigated in the present study. little difference in total counts of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was observed between the contaminated and the non - contaminated soil. compared with the control there were a slight decrease in total counts of free - living nitrogen - fixer and denitrifying bacteria and a significant increase in those of ammonifying and ammonia - oxidizing and nitrifying _ bacteria in the methylparathion contaminated soil

    一、甲基對硫磷長期污染對土壤微生物的生態學效應研究了有機磷農藥甲基對硫磷長期污染對土壤微生物的影響，實驗表明：土壤細菌、放線菌、真菌總的數量影響不大；自生固氮菌和反硝化細菌數量減少；氨化細菌、亞硝化細菌、硝化細菌的數量在污染土壤中卻有所增加；與對照土壤相比，污染土壤呼吸作用下降了29 . 93 ；氨化作用和硝化作用強度得到增強。
  2. Viewing from the global tectonics, the authors dynamically described the dialectical relationships between extensions and compressions in time special 4 - d, and pointed out the different tectonic deformation systems corresponding to different tectonic dynamical environments. considering the geological evolution of sichuan basin, from nine aspects, the authors proved that the tectonic dynamical environments of sichuan basin, after its formation, has experienced the early extension, middle transition and late compression environments. correspondingly, as the paper suggests, a considerable attention need to be paid to the comprehensive studies of the early extensional structures, middle inversion structures and the late compression structures of sichuan basin when analyzing its tectonics

    從全球構造著眼，動態地從時間-空間四維闡述了拉張-擠壓構造動力學環境的辯證關系，指出了不同構造動力學環境對應于不同的構造變形系統。結合四川盆地地質演化歷程，從9個方面論證了四川盆地自其形成以來，構造動力學環境曾經歷了早期拉張中期過渡晚期擠壓的過程，相應地在對四川盆地進行構造分析時，要注意早期伸展構造中期反轉構造晚期擠壓構造的識別和綜合研究。
  3. From russia " judicial reform, the author turn over to think. - judicial reform should be designed and pushed on the base of actual level of country ' s economic and social condition ; judicial reform is bound by a common cause with politics ; reform should not be designed to be a type of misconstructions and instant collapse, concrete reform must be harmonized with the whole judicial reform

    俄羅斯司法改革取得了一定的成效，但與《構想》的預期效果相比仍有很大反差，由此對俄羅斯司法改革進行了反思：司法改革應當在國家的經濟和社會生活的現有水平的基礎上設計和推進；司法改革與本國的政治休戚相關；改革不應被設計成破壞性、瞬間崩塌型的；具體改革措施須與司法改革的全局協調一致。
  4. In attempt to directly compare the sound response characters of the same bf neurons or different bf neurons and their interactive relation, the double recording microelectrodes were penetrated into two different neurons in iso - frequnency laminas or hetero - frequency laminas. taking advantage of frequency tonotopical arrangement in 1c of bats, it was explored how the neurons integrated different parallel processes of the same sound information. in the case of which, we hoped to explore the relation between the sound response characters of the central auditory neurons and neural modulation in background noise for the further understanding of the mechanism in the central auditory neurons extracting sound signals

    本研究以大棕蝠（ bigbrownbat ， eptesicusfuscus ）為模型，利用ic聲調組構排列成同頻層這一結構特點，突破單電極記錄和檢測神經元的方法，同時推進兩單電極至一個同頻層或兩個同頻層的兩個不同神經元，試圖從細胞水平直接比較兩個具有相同和不同最佳頻率的神經元聲信號的加工處理特徵、以及它們之間的相互關系，以期窺探它們在對同一聲信號處理過程中的整合奧秘，並以此為基礎分析和探討背景噪聲條件下中樞神經元聲反應特徵與神經調制的關系，以期進一步了解中樞聽神經元聲信號提取的機制。
  5. In order to study how the floor stiffnesses influence on the mega steel - frame structures, the results of mode 1 and mode 4 of example 1, and those of mode 2 and mode 3 of three examples are compared. some conclusions are obtained as follows : compared with beams and columns of the common steel - frame structures, the cross - sectional dimension of mega beams and mega columns in the main - frames of mega steel - frame structures are very large. because the mega structure system has great lateral stiffness and entirety work behavior, whether or not considering the floor stiffness has less influence on the entirety responses of the mega steel - frame structures and on the displacement and internal forces of columns of the mainframe, but larger influence on the response of columns of hypo - frame

    通過對算例1方案1和方案4及算例1 - 3方案2和方案3結構周期、位移和內力反應的比較，研究了樓板剛度對巨型鋼框架結構反應的影響，得到如下結論：與普通鋼框架的梁、柱相比，巨型鋼框架中主框架的巨型梁、巨型柱截面尺寸要大得多，並且由它們組成的這種超常規的大型結構具有巨大的抗側剛度和整體工作性能，因此，在地震作用下，考慮樓板剛度與否對巨型鋼框架結構整體反應影響不大，對主框架柱位移和內力反應影響也不大，但對次框架位移和內力反應的影響相對較大。
  6. While this was doing, i sent friday with the captain s mate to the boat, with orders to secure her, and bring away the oars, and sail, which they did ; and by and by, three straggling men that were happily for them parted from the rest, came back upon hearing the guns fir d, and seeing their captain, who before was their prisoner, now their conqueror, they submitted to be bound also ; and so our victory was compleat

    船長告訴他們，他可以饒他們的命，但他們得向他保證，表示痛恨自己所犯的反叛的罪行，並宣誓效忠船長，幫他把大船奪回來，然後再把他們開回牙買加去，因為他們正是從牙買加來的。他們竭力向船長表示他們的誠意，船長也願意相信他們，並饒他們的命。對此我也並不反對，只是要求船長在他們留在島上期間，應把他們的手腳綁起來。
  7. The pilot fuel model has been given to calculate the distribution of the liquid fuel and time of fuel pre - combustion, at the same time, analyzing the important action to the combustion of the natural gas in the combustion chamber of engine, determining the best quantity of pilot fuel. the explosive combustion model has been established to compute the pressure of the cylinder during the combustion, determining the main influence factors. the emission model has been established to forecast the co, nox emission

    理論方面，提出了基於化學反應的燃燒模型?多組分氣相反應系統的化學反應動力學模型，以此進行雙燃料發動機的熱力學?化學反應動力計算；引燃油燃燒模型，計算引燃油液滴的分佈規律和滯燃期，驗證引燃油在雙燃料發動機燃燒過程中的作用，揭示不同噴油規律對雙燃料發動機的影響，確定在不同負荷下的合理引燃油量；爆震模型，揭示爆震與工質能量釋放間的關系和影響爆震的各種運轉因素，確定合理的爆震依據，減小爆震傾向。
  8. In order to select male nucleo - sterile new genotype, a tentative idea was put forward for the nucleo - male sterility to attach a tps ( thermo - photoperiod sensitivity ) and a selection strategy of combination of selection and identification, at the same time, the spring and summer sowing method were used to provide different environment conditions of appraising sterility and tps. the results indicated that ( 1 ) sterility could be appraised under the spring sowing environment and tps could be appraised under summer sowing environment. ( 2 ) under spring sowing environment, sterility could be selected, but not maintained. thereby, lines selected could only be selected as recorded selection method in the experiment. ( 3 ) and then, selection was carried out from spring sowing line selected into summer sowing in same line with tps to select plants. these plants through the intercrossing selection had been combined with sterility and tps. in this way, a new selection protocol for selection sterile line with tps was formed. it mainly involves the spring and summer sowing method, recorded selection method and the intercrossing selection method

    為了選育新類型玉米雄性核不育系，提出了為玉米核不育性添加溫光敏感性的設想和選擇與鑒定相結合的策略，同時應用分期播種的方法為作物提供不同的生長和發育的環境條件，以鑒定玉米雄穗的育性變化和對不同環境條件溫光的反應.研究結果表明，春播環境下可鑒定和選擇玉米的不育性，夏播環境下可鑒定和選擇其溫光敏感性.針對玉米核不育性難以找到保持系的特性，結合兩種播期選擇兩種性狀.但春播環境下選擇的不育性群體難以通過選擇單株來保持其不育性，為記錄性群體選擇.通過從春播入選的雜合不育性優良株系群體轉移到其對應的夏播溫光敏感性入選的同一優良群體中進行優良單株選擇，能逐漸使不育性和溫光敏感性相結合而選育出純合溫光敏不育系.這種新的選擇程序主要包括應用分期播種法、記錄性選擇法和春夏兩季交叉式選擇法，使含有不育基因的可育株系逐步累積不育基因並增加了溫光敏感性而育成玉米溫光敏不育系
  9. Some people thought the regular education should not be changed because it is a matter of fundamental importance for generations to come. on the contrary, some thought the regular education system would let a nation perish and it was necessary to turn middle schools and universities into short - term training courses that would produce qualified personnel for both the front and the rear. in others " opinion, the whole educational system should be arranged, enriched, adjusted, improved, and expanded, meanwhile, some facilities matching the war should be increased

    一些人認為教育是百年大計，不應更改；另一些人的主張與此完全相反，他們認為維持正常教育就是在堅持「亡國教育」 ，大中學校應全面轉軌，變成各種戰時短期培訓班，直接為前線後方輸送抗戰人才；也有人主張一面對整個教育事業加以整理、充實、調整、改進、擴充，一面增加一些適應抗戰需要的設施。
  10. It is indicated that the hydration process of cement - based materials with slag, fly ash and silica fume is different in some degree from that of neat cement because of the difference in mineral structure and hydration mechanism. the periods of accelerating, decelerating and terminating are prolonged and hydration reaction decelerates. the second peak of rate curve of the heat evolution could be divided into two small peaks, which are contributed to the hydration of clinkers and mineral mixtures at the temperature of 30 but when temperature comes to 50, the two small peaks combine into one and the reaction accelerates

    結果表明，與硅酸鹽水泥相比，由於礦物摻合料與水泥熟料在活性和水化機理上的差異，水化歷程有較大的改變：多組分體系誘導期、加速期和衰減期延長，水化反應速率明顯降低；低溫時，水化放熱速率曲線上的第二放熱峰細化成分別對應于熟料和礦物摻合料水化的兩個小峰；高溫時，反應速率加快，雙峰合併；進一步研究發現，摻合料的種類與摻量對水化歷程也有較大的影響；建立了適用於多組分水泥基材料不同水化階段的水化動力學方程。
  11. The study on the characteristics of development and seed setting of different spikelet and floret positions was important for the realization of big - spike - cultural - goal with more spikelets and grains. with both the winter type ( wv ) and spring type ( sv ) varieties sown at different dates, it was found that the greater seed setting capacity of spikelets resulted in more grain number of spike. the trend of differences in grain weight per spikelet between the different sowing dates and varieties was similar to that of grain number. the correlation between the average grain weight of middle spikelets and lower spikelets and the grain weight per spike was highly significant. the environmental changes resulted from different sowing dates mainly effected the middle spikelets development, even though the differences between wv and sv were represented in every spikelet positions. the grain weight on the second floret position was most sensitive to the development status of wheat plant and environmental changes, and could represent the yielid potential of the whole spikelet. the results showed that the enhancement of seed setting of the middle spikelets ( from 5th to 15th ) and the grain development from the first to third floret positions was a key to realize big - spike and grain

    確定小麥不同小穗位和小花位發育與結實特性是實現大穗多粒的重要前提.本文通過對冬、春性小麥品種分期播種試驗得出，較高的小穗結實力是增加穗粒數的重要因素.不同播期、品種之間，小穗粒重和粒數呈現相同的變化趨勢.中部以及基部小穗粒重與穗粒重之間呈高度正相關.體現環境差異的播期效應以對中部小穗發育的影響為主，而冬、春性品種的基因型差異可反映在各個小穗位上.第2小花位的子粒發育狀況反映整個小穗的生產能力.結果表明，促進中部優勢小穗（第5 15小穗）結實和第1 3小花位子粒發育是提高小花結實率和穗粒重的關鍵
  12. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  13. Senior high school is higher than middle school ; the factor of situation shows that very distinct main effect on every dependent variables. ( 3 ) regression analysis shows that the choice of the reactive strategy is determined by intentional attribution, reactive judgment, expectation and angry but not the stability and sympathy ; there is distinct negative correlation between sympathy and others variables. except sympathy variable, there is positive correlation among the others variables

    （ 3 ）相關分析與回歸分析的結果表明，意圖歸因、責任判斷、期望水平以及生氣對行為應對策略的解釋率高，而穩定性和同情的情感反應不會直接影響到行為應對策略；除了同情因子之外，其餘因子兩兩之間都存顯著的正相關，而同情因子與其它因子都呈顯著的負相關關系。
  14. Meanwhile, river network analysis tools ( rivertools ) and geographic information system software ( arcview ) are used to display subcatchments and river network extracted from dem data. on the platform of the digital basin built above, the xin ' anjiang model is selected for runoff simulation during the different periods

    在構建數字流域的基礎上運用新安江模型模擬徑流量的方法，對不同時期的實測水文資料進行率定，率定后的模型反應了相應的下墊面及人類活動狀況，利用率定了的模型和實測長系列降水、蒸發資料，模擬計算流量過程。
  15. As to the problem on the structure of the real estate market and operation pattern, a lot of experts and intelligences thought that the real estate, is the same as other manufactory in china, has too much competitive so that the industry structure is scattered. on the contrary, any people a lot of different point of view, for example, according to the 3 major index of undue competition concluded by jiang xiaojuan ( 1998 ) on the “ much accession of enterprise ”, “ low efficiency of the whole industry ” and “ competition and efficiency won ’ t produce elimination ”, explanation of mass situation - - - restructuring the

    與此觀點相對應，許多人也提出了不同的觀點，如:根據江小娟（ 1998年）將「企業進入太多」 、 「全行業長期低效益」 、 「競爭和低效益不能產生淘汰作用」總結的過度競爭的三大主要指標，任紀軍在《破解亂局? ?重整中國房地產經濟》一書中認為，房地產行業不存在全行業的長期低效益，而是相反。
  16. But as a training study, we think its design should been improved. we adopted more rigorous design than his study and conducted an training study about the ability of rule - based reasoning in young children. furthermore, our study assessed distant - transfer of training effect. the results were follows : 1. the age range from 3. 5 to 4 years is a rapid period for the development of children ' s rule - based reasoning ability. at this age, the age shows an obvious effect on the development and children ' s reasoning ability udndergoes a rapid development. at about the age of 4, most children possess the ability to use embedded rules and can switch flexibly between sets of rules keeping two incompatible rules in mind. 2

    但patricia等人的訓練研究還存在一些需要改進的地方，基於此，本研究採用實驗組控制組前測后測的實驗設計對兒童的規則推理能力進行訓練，並進一步探討了訓練效果的遠遷移問題，得出了以下結論： 1 、 3 . 5歲到4歲是兒童利用二維合取規則進行推理能力的快速發展期，在這一階段，年齡效應顯著，兒童的規則推理力在這一階段得到了飛速的發展，到4歲時，大部分兒童已掌握合取規則，能有效利用高級規則抑制優勢反應，在兩套不相容的規則間進行靈活轉換。
  17. All concrete structures are exposed to volume changes caused by hydration reactions in the early age. if the volume changes are restrained, stresses is generated which will cause cracking when it overcomes the tensile strength. as the mechanical properties of early age concrete vary with time, especially the creep degree depends on the time elapsed and the time at loading, to calculate the stress of concrete structure is a complex nonlinear problem. the finite element method ( fem ) can take account of the evolution of the stiffness properties, the development of thermal strain, creep, shrinkage and so on. in this paper, a general approach for numerically simulating this type of behaviour is presented firstly. then, how to solve this problem is introduced by the general finite element software ansys using the initial stress method. finally, a detailed description of an example calculation that demonstrates the potential of the numerical simulation strategy follows

    早期混凝土由於水化反應都會產生體積變化.如果體積變形受到約束就會產生應力，一旦超過混凝土的抗拉強度就會產生裂縫.由於早期混凝土的力學性能是隨時間變化的，特別是徐變，它不僅與加載時間有關而且同時隨齡期而變化，因此計算早期混凝土結構應力是較為復雜的問題.有限單元法不僅可以考慮混凝土剛度的變化，而且可以考慮溫度、徐變、收縮等因素.本文利用初應力法對通用有限元軟體ansys進行了二次開發，通過工程實例計算了高層建築地下室側墻早期混凝土應力的變化過程，並提出了相應的抗裂措施
  18. For a long time, how to detect water stress levels in crops accurately and apply a real - time accurate irrigation, is a popular topic for many researchers

    長期以來，如何準確判斷作物水分虧缺程度、掌握生長對水分虧缺反應的規律，為實時精確灌溉提供依據，一直是眾多學者致力於研究的課題，人們從不同方面入手，制訂了相應的灌水指標。
  19. But this logic does not mean that any society or country will obey it, for example, many socialist countries adopted the planned economy and state - owned firm system, which brought about some negative influences on rampant moral hazards, adverse selection and especially could not tells any one ' s benefits or costs from others ", the state - owned firm could not try it best to prompt any one to work hard in the planned economy, so most socialist countries have experienced the failure of the socialist planned economy and have now begun a market - oriented reform program, the aim is to clearly separate one ' s benefits or costs from other ' s and make full use of people ' s talents, that is to say, how to scientifically select firm systems to make full use of capital and other resources is the goal of thesis

    這也預示著在很大程度上人們不能僅根據自己的主觀願望，而強制性地推行在某一環境之中取得成功的制度來替代既有的制度；否則，極有可能適得其反。當然，這並不表明人們只能被動地等待新制度的自發產生、發展，而是完全有可能通過誘致性和強制性兩種方式來實現制度的變遷，以滿足不同主體的利益需要。但現在的問題是為什麼在不同的國家會有著各具特色的佔主導地位的企業制度，而與此相對應的則是各國的經濟與科技發展成就也有著高低不同的差異，有的國家經濟發達，技術進步神速；而有些國家則剛好相反，長期被鎖定在落後狀態，其內在根源究竟是什麼
  20. Under the different wave heights, the variation of the reflection coefficient with wave - period, the resonant periods and the maximal reflection coefficients are almost the same

    兩種入射波高對應條件下的反射系數-周期（ kr - t ）曲線形狀相似，共振周期基本一致，最大反射系數相差不大。
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