立法的理由 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lìfǎdelǐyóu]
立法的理由 英文
ratio legis
  • 立 : 動1 （站） stand; remain in an erect position 2 （使豎立; 使物件的上端向上） erect; stand; set up...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 理 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物質組織的條紋） texture; grain （in wood skin etc ） 2 （道理;事理） reason; logic; tru...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 立法 : legislation立法程序 legislative process [procedure]; 立法創制權 legislative initiative; 立法調查 ...
  • 理由 : account; regard; justification; reason; ground; argument
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. Abstract : events contributing to the establishment of statistics the science of data and its chemical branch are epitomized. as the new chemical branch named chemometrics or chemstatistics has been disputed in the circles of chemistry for a long time, reasons for adopting chemstatistics are given, which is defined as the science of gathering or generating, describing, summarizing and interpreting the data concerned to acquire new chemical knowledge or information. the fact that many traditional statistical methods, such as significance tests, analysis of variance, regression and correlation, and some others not usually considered statistical, such as model building, monte carlo method, fourier transformation, artificial nerval networks and pattern recognition, each contains one or more of the five connotations of statistics is expounded. the regular pattern that a chemstatistician grows up is approached. the urgent task is to include chemstatistics in the undergraduate or graduate curriculum of chemistry specialty. the goal of the project is to nurture chemists who know statistics

    文摘:本文追溯了統計學發展、建立中的大事，陳述了它的定義及其化學分支發展、建立的梗概；鑒于化學界對該新興化學分支學科的名稱長期存在爭議，提出了以化學統計學而不以化學計量學為該學科名稱的理由，把化學統計學定義為一個研究有關數據的收集或產生、描述、分析、綜合和解釋，以獲得新化學知識或信息的學科；闡明了許多公認屬于統計學的方法，如顯著性檢驗、方差分析、回歸和相關，以及一些尚未認定屬于統計學的方法，如模型建立、蒙特卡羅方法、傅立葉變換和人工神經網路，都含有統計學5個內涵中的一個或多個；探討了化學統計學家成長的模式，認為當務之急是把化學統計學納入化學專業的教學計劃，以培養懂統計學的化學家。
  3. A united and fixed system of delegated legislation not having been set up, many differences existing, perfective terms not having been provided. they all make the practices of delegated legislation having many problems in delegated organs in granted organs and in rules of delegation

    由於我國沒有形成統一、固定的授權立法制度，對授權立法基本問題理論爭議較大， 《立法法》對授權立法的規定不完善，使得我國授權立法實踐存在著種種問題，無論是在授權機關、被授權機關，還是授權法中都存在著不盡人意之處。
  4. Chapter iv introduces the common doctrine that there is not a de jure stare decisis in the dsm according to the text of the wto, the viewpoint of appellate body and the allegation of some scholars, and then questions the reasons by which of the common doctrine excludes the system of stare decisis. this chapter continues to examine the practice of wto adjudic

    第四章首先根據wto的約文、上訴機構的觀點和學者們的主張，闡述了在wto爭端解決中不存在法律上先例制度的通說，並對學說上主張wto排斥先例制度的理由提出質疑，進而通過考察wto爭端解決實踐，得出了wto爭端解決中存在事實上遵循先例的結論，並進一步探討了在wto爭端解決中確立正式先例制度的意義和必要性以及諸先例之間的位階關系等問題。
  5. The article also discusses the trade restraint system. meanwhile, it discusses the system from the staff member ' s incumbency period and his dimission period respectively. finally, the article investigates into the legal status of the covenants not to compete and the validity of verdict criteria, thus advancing to protect the bus iness secrets and maintain fair competitiol with the trade restraint system

    文章從商業秘密保護著手，認為人才流動是商業秘密喪失的主渠道，因此有必要建立商業秘密保護中的競業禁止制度；文章探討了競業禁止的一般原理，並論證了實行競業禁止的理由；同時分別從職工在職期間和離職后兩個階段論述了競業禁止制度；最後，文章研究了競業禁止協議的法律地位，合法性和合理性的判斷標準，提出用競業禁止制度來保護商業秘密，維護公平競爭。
  6. One is that comparative analysis of foreign legislation modes. the other is that the basic legal mode on the law control of the target company ’ s anti - takeover

    本文可能的創新點為:一是國外立法模式比較分析以及模式選擇的理由論證。
  7. The principle must be obeyed in the law enforcement of the industrial and commercial administration sum up above mentioned, under the socialism market condition, only vigorously participating legislation activity, establishment of the perfect law and regulations can we do in conformity with the laws ; only obey the law enforcement procedure and administrative law performing principle can we ensure that the laws are served, the laws enforcement shall be strict, the illegal activity shall be investigated under the law, the normalization of the law enforcement in the industrial and commercial administration can be realized

    （五）實行工商體制垂直管理，徹底實行「管辦」分開，是開展有效執法的必由之路。四、工商行政執法應遵循的原則。綜上所述，社會主義市場經濟條件下，只有積極參與立法，建立健全法規，才能做到有法可依；只要實行執法程序化，按行政執法原則執法，才能做到有法必依，執法必嚴，違法必究，才能逐步實現工商行政執法規范化。
  8. As a safeguard against despotism, the former administrative duties of the king - the conduct of military campaigns, the management of public finance, and the control of legislation - were distributed at the beginning of each year between two men, usually elected by the senate from the patrician class, who served on an annual, rotating basis

    對抗專制的守護者、擔任舊時國王的管理責任?軍事戰役的指揮、公眾金融的管理，還有立法的控制?通常由元老院在每年年初，從貴族階層中推派兩人為執政官，以一年輪流制為準則。
  9. In french civil law, it contains two aspects of meaning : the first is the reason the parties make a contract, i. e. the proximate cause ; the second is the ultimate aim that the parties want to achieve through a contract, and it is called the remote cause of a contract

    原因是大陸法系契約法中的術語。在法國，原因包含著兩層意思：一是當事人訂立合同的理由，即近因；二是當事人訂立合同所希望達到的最終目的，即遠因。
  10. As regards the a licable rules of （ the law of the country of the seller ）, the arbitrators have relied on the parties ' re ective statements on the subject and on the information obtained by the arbitration from an independent co ultant

    至於賣方所在國法律的適用規則，仲裁員們依據的是雙方當事人各自陳述的理由，以及仲裁員們從一位獨立咨詢人處所得的信息。
  11. As regards the applicable rules of （ the law of the country of the seller ）, the arbitrators have relied on the parties ' respective statements on the subject and on the information obtained by the arbitration from an independent consultant

    至於賣方所在國法律的適用規則，仲裁員們依據的是雙方當事人各自陳述的理由，以及仲裁員們從一位獨立咨詢人處所得的信息。
  12. Base on the discussion of the basic subject concerning definition, character, designation, classify, function of the international treaty and it ' s conclusion, inuring, reservation, revision, comparing the relation of the international treaty and chinese law, confirming the above status in china law system, the problem of applying with regard to the international treaty including the manner, reasoning, conflict will be discussed. the character of the international treaty will be concluded. so, the suggestion of legislation according to the international treaty to be applied in china will be made at last

    在探討了國際海事條約的概念、特徵、名稱、分類、作用及其締結、生效、保留和修訂等基本理論問題的基礎上，通過推斷比較我國已加入的國際條約與我國國內法的關系，明晰其在我國法律體系中的地位，著重論述了國際海事條約在我國國內的適用問題，包括在我國適用的理由、適用的方式、效力范圍、與國內法的沖突等等，歸納總結出國際海事條約在我國適用的顯著特徵，並在此基礎上，提出有關國際海事條約在我國適用問題的立法建議，以期今後國際海事條約在我國得以順利執行，我國可以更妥善地履行國際海事條約義務，完善我國海事法律制度有所幫助。
  13. A belief introduction of internet management in developed countries was also discussed in this part. chapter 2, administering internet in china in this part, the laws and statutes related to internet were unscrambled to explore the strategies for internet management in china - that include the process from macro general theory to detailed maneuverability, as well as consistent with international laws

    第二章：我國對網際網路的管理解讀我國對網際網路管理的有關法律、法規，理清我國網路管理的脈絡：即由宏觀到具體，由理論規范到可操作性，以及加快立法的步伐，在條例設置和表述上力求與國際接軌，走法制化管理的道路。
  14. The separation of powers is one various countries " constitutionalism instruction theory, and it also are one barrier which the administrative legislation produces. through the analysis from exterior factor and internal factor two aspects, this articl e research the reason of administration legislation " produces

    三權分立理論是近現代各國立憲的主要指導理論之一，它也是行政立法產生、發展最重要的障礙之一，但是， 「當公共政策有堅實的理由要求該規則讓路，它就必須讓路」 。
  15. Then, everywhere he turned, van gundy found reasons, from the off - the - charts competitiveness of shane battier to the example set by dikembe mutombo and juwan howard to tracy mcgrady ' s selflessness and decision - making and yao ming ' s work ethic

    之後的采訪中，從肖恩?巴蒂爾數據無法統計的奮力拚搏，到迪肯貝?穆托姆博和朱萬?霍華德為麥迪樹立的無私地處理球的榜樣，再到姚明的職業道德，無論哪方面，范甘迪都能找到贏球的理由。
  16. As a result of the virtual property creditor ' s rights real right attribute, on is objective requests in the legislation both to need to consider must has the physique to the virtual property " the thing " as well as network science and technology influenced, and must give dual attention to the reality of laws basic theory allows temporary credit the nature, through the real right legislation complete system, and draws support the real right legislation technology, enable the virtual property the legal protection to have a complete mechanism

    由於虛擬財產的債權物權化屬性，客觀上要求在立法中既要考慮到虛擬財產的非有形體的「物」以及網路科技的影響性，又要兼顧到物權法基礎理論的融通性，通過物權立法的完整體系，並藉助於物權立法技術，使虛擬財產的法律保護擁有一個完整的機制。
  17. When considering an appeal, the immigration judge will look at all the evidence sent in by your representative, as well as by the home office

    處理上訴時，裁定人將全面考慮您（或者您的代表）提交的證據，並將根據移民法規以及上訴的理由做出獨立裁定。
  18. When considering an appeal the adjudicator will take full account of evidence presented by you or by your representative and he or she will then make a judgement based upon the immigration rules and on the individual merits of the appeal

    將安排由獨立裁定人對案件進行聽證。處理上訴時，裁定人將全面考慮您（或者您的代表）提交的證據，並將根據移民法規以及上訴的理由做出獨立裁定。
  19. So, the court is maintained finally decorate the reason with company con contract not to hold water, rejected the litigant request that makes a gentleman

    所以，法院最終認定裝修公司合同欺詐的理由不成立，駁回了許先生的訴訟請求。
  20. Then the author argue the rationality of civil protest system specifically, by refuting the theory of negation of the civil protest system as follows : 1. whether civil protest supervision invades the independent jurisdiction of the court ; 2. whether civil protest supervision unduly intervene the discretion of the parties ; 3

    其次，筆者具體論證了民事抗訴制度的合理性，從以下三方面逐一反駁了民事抗訴制度否定論的理由:其一，民事抗訴監督是否侵犯了法院的獨立審判權;其二，民事抗訴監督是否不當干預了當事人的處分權;其三，民事抗訴監督是否有損於法院終審權。
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