資金與市場 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zījīnyǔshìchǎng]
資金與市場
英文
money and markets-
First, the thesis gives a detailed analysis about the causes and expressions of the medium and small - sized enterprises financing problems, concerning the relationship between banks and enterprises enterprises status, related policy and finance service etc. then, in order to solve the financial problems effectively during the developing process of the medium and small sized enterprises, on the basis of the development stage, concrete environment and characteristics of the medium and small sized enterprises in our country, the thesis gives relevant suggestions about the improvement of enterprises " inside financial environment channel expansion of the indirect f inane ing, more emphasis on direct financing trend of the state ' s policy and innovation of financial instruments etc. at last, in order to welcome the coming technology economy, the thesis especially analyze how to use the capital from at home and abroad to develop risk investment, to ease up the contradiction of capital supply and demand, and to support the fast development of the hi - tech medium and small - sized enterprises
然後，為有效解決中小企業發展中遇到的資金問題，根據我國中小企業所處的發展階段、具體環境和自身特點，結合我國金融市場的現狀和未來發展趨勢，從改善企業內源融資條件、拓展間接融資渠道、注重直接融資手段、國家政策取向、金融工具創新等方面，提出相應的對策建議。為迎接知識經濟的到來，本文還特別探討了利用國際、國內資金發展風險投資業務，緩解我國高科技中小企業資金需求與供給的矛盾，支持高科技中小企業快速發展的措施。本文試圖通過對中小企業融資問題的研究，探索我國中小企業特別足高科技中小企業發展面臨的一些共性問題，為我國中小企業融資方式和融資體制的改革略陳管見。Based on the rent - seeking theory and theory of relation between government and market, the thesis studies the rent - seeking activities, their macroscopical and microcosmic backgrounds, the rent - creating mechanism, and the performance by the principals of security offering, agency, investing, and government, then analyzed their origin and influence and concluded the countermeasures. the framework of this thesis is as follows : chapter 1 is the pandect, mainly about the issues, the train of thought, the hypothesis, and the methodology ; chapter 2 is the academic groundwork, introducing the theories on rent - seeking, the development of relation between government and market, and security market ; chapter 3 studies the macroscopical and microcosmie backgrounds of the rent - seeking activities in chinese security market ; chapter 4 studies the rent - creating mechanism, which premise the activities ; chapter 5 analyzes the performance and characteristics of the activities. ; chapter 6 studies the origin and influence of the rent - seeking activities, probes into their deep roots, and reveals the harms from the activities through investigation in the resource lavishment and impact on the security market and the whole society, which come in the wake of rent - seeking ; chapter 7 gives the conclusions and countermeasures
本文研究結構如下：第一章為總論，主要介紹了研究的問題、思路、假設和方法；第二章為研究的理論基礎，介紹了尋租理論、政府與市場關系理論的演變以及證券市場的基本理論；第三章考察了中國證券市場尋租活動的宏觀和微觀經濟背景，為研究證券市場尋租行為作了鋪墊；第四章研究了證券市場租金產生的機制亦即創租機制，它是尋租活動存在的邏輯前提；第五章則從證券市場不同參與者的角度具體分析了尋租活動的表現和特點；第六章研究了證券市場尋租活動的原因和影響，探討了證券市場尋租問題所產生的深層次和一般性的原因並從尋租活動本身造成的資源浪費、對證券市場的影響和對整個社會的影響三個方面闡述了尋租活動的危害；第七章得出了研究結論並提出了解決尋租問題的對策思路。Mr richard lam, director of hantec investment holdings said at the reception : " the hong kong financial market is very mature with banks and financial organizations competing to launch forever new investment vehicles and products
亨達國際控股有限公司執行董事林岳風于酒會上表示：香港金融市場發展成熟，銀行與金融機構爭相在市場不斷推出新投資工具和產品。As the important components of the financial market, monetary market and capital market are two kinds of main allocated mechanism to dispose the social monetary resources. capital turnover and mobility management of the social economy are all due to their support
貨幣市場與資本市場是金融市場的重要組成部分，是對社會貨幣資源進行配置的兩種主要配置機制，社會經濟主體的資金周轉和流動性管理都離不開它們的支持。Theory of portfolio optimization is an important part of the modern ? nance in - vestment theories, which uses mathematical facilities such as convex analysis, random analysis, nonsmooth analysis, ( nonlinear ) programming etc, combined with the mean - variance method the basic method of modern portfolio theory. by setting up mathe - matical models, discussed the investment rules of ? nance market and o ? ered theoretic guide for investors
投資組合優化理論是現代金融投資理論的重要組成部分，它運用凸分析、隨機分析、非光滑優化、 （非）線性規劃等數學工具，並與現代投資組合理論的基本方法均值方差方法相結合，通過建立數學模型討論金融市場投資規律並為個人或機構投資者提供理論指導。Finance has a unique economical quality of monetary credit, which decides its unsteability and speculative factors are higher than any other mechanism of distribution of resources. so accurately - recognize and effectively - guard against and defuse financial risks are the key to garantee the financial safty and are relating to the financial system and the rate of financial market
由於金融所特有的貨幣信用經濟屬性，決定著其中的不確定性與投機因素比其他任何一種資源配置機制都大，正確認識並予以有效地防範與化解金融風險，是確保金融安全的關鍵，關繫到金融制度及金融市場的效率。Comparing with the stockjobbers outside, although we can also enjoy the same treatment with others, we are still too weak even from the capital size capital strength managerial mechanism managerial efficiency to the stuff of talented person along with entering the wto, our stock market will completely be opened, abroad stockjobbers will threaten our stockjobbers seriously when they are familiar with the operations of our lacal ones, however, we can also obtain more and more opportunities at the same time : the market of our local stockjobbers will become wider from local to international capital market, it can advanced the speed of our local securities industry to improve the system conditions, to renovate manage system, to ameliorate the technic measures, to enrich the xervice breeds ; besides, it can also drive us to adjust the economica l structure, optimize the station of resource, transform the manage mechanism, all of these will provide a wider space for the local stockjobbers after entering the wto, the main develop trends of local stockjobbers are express at : invest - banking operations will become more important, the broking competition will be more fury, the property management will become the rising point of new profits of us
雖然按對等原則，我國證券業也可以進入其他締約國金融市場並享受該國資本的同等待遇，但與境外券商相比，境內券商無論是在資產規模、資金實力、管理機制、經營效率，還是人才素質上，都無法與之抗衡。加入wto后，證券市場終將全面開放，國外證券公司在熟悉中國證券市場的操作后，將對國內券商的業務構成嚴重的威脅，以往國內券商發展業務的許多手段都將很快失靈，從而對券商的經營思路和發展戰略產生深刻的影響。然而，加入wto也使我國證券業獲得了更多新的發展機遇：將使國內券商的生存發展空間進一步拓展到國際資本市場的大舞臺；將從外部促使中國證券業向著市場化、規范化和多功能化的國際證券業發展趨勢快速推進，從而使證券業發展的制度環境得以改善；將促使我國券商更新管理體制，提高管理水平，改進和創新技術手段、業務方式和服務品種，提升競爭層次；此外，加入wto還將推動我國的經濟結構調整、資源優化配置和企業經營機制轉換，為券商開拓業務和進行各種創新活動提供了了廣闊的空間。At the turn of the year, out of concern about the possibility of much greater financial market volatility resulting from strong forces pulling in different directions, i sounded a general alert on the need for all concerned, particularly those running leveraged positions in financial markets and those providing the finance, to manage their risks
年初時眼見多方強大的因素互相角力，我擔心金融市場或會有巨大的波動，因而提醒有關各界尤其是參與杠桿式投資或提供有關融資的朋友要留神，好好管理當中涉及的風險。Finance is the core of the modern economy and the development of the modem finance reflects in the application of financial engineering technology and the development of financial derivative market. nowadays, financial deverivatives play a more and more important role in the international financial market and are called the core of the general capital marketas china entered wto. chinese economy will join the trend of globlization of world economy. but at present, category of financial product is single, structure and function in chinese capital market is imperfect. financial operations remain the conventional operations in the main and the development of financial derivative market lags behind those of developed counteies out and away. therefore, developing financial derivative deal and expanding financial derivative market are urgent
金融是現代經濟的核心，而現代金融發展集中反映在金融工程技術的應用與金融衍生產品市場的發展上。當前金融衍生產品在國際金融市場中的地位與作用越來越重要，被稱為是廣義資本市場的核心。隨著我國加入wto ，我國經濟將加入世界經濟一體化的潮流中，但目前，我國資本市場品種單一，結構與功能很不完善，金融業務基本停留在傳統業務上，金融衍生產品市場發展遠遠落後于發達國家。The traditional economy theories, such as the monetary theory of keynes, friedman and harrod - domar growth model, discussed the role of finance in economy growth from different aspects. in addition, the dispute between finance deepening theory and finance restrain theory is what government should do in the financial development. the theory of modern financial development studies how the financial structure works on the industrial structure by researching on the evolvement of financial institutions and financial markets
根據馬克思在《資本論》中的闡述，可以得出金融資源參與產業資本循環是社會化大生產的必然要求的結論;在傳統西方經濟學理論中，凱恩斯的貨幣經濟理論、弗里德曼的新貨幣數量說和哈羅德-多馬模型等理論分別從不同角度論述了金融在經濟增長中的作用;金融深化理論與金融約束理論之爭引導人們開始探索政府在金融發展中的作用問題，而當代金融發展理論則從金融機構與金融市場的形成機制角度，探討了金融結構對產業結構的影響。1 ) if bank capital are forbidden thoroughly to get into stock market, it will bring low profit on monetary market, constrict the development of capital market and affect the transmission of monetary policy ; 2 ) vice versa, allowing bank capital to flow into stock market too early may also lead to unfavorable effects, such as endangering financial stability, disturbing financial order and constraining the development of economy
（ 1 ）限制銀行資金入市，造成了貨幣市場收益率低下，商業銀行、保險公司在貨幣市場上融出資金基本無利可圖，只好通過各種途徑違規進入股市；使資本市場失去資金支持，不僅造成市場流動性不足，還因缺乏基準利率參照而難以形成合理的定價機制，制約了資本市場的發展；影響貨幣政策的傳導，貨幣市場與資本市場的關聯性低，貨幣政策信號受阻，傳導路徑相對單一，貨幣政策效應的時滯加大。They need to strengthen their market structures, particularly in respect of their financial markets, and bring supervisory and disclosure standards into line with the standards familiar to international investors
它們必須推行獲本土以至國際投資者視為審慎的宏觀經濟政策鞏固市場尤其金融市場的結構，以及將監管與資料披露標準提升至國際投資者要求的水平。We according to different demands of domestic and foreign customers, on the foundation of thorough analysis profession and marketing, we design each kind of high grade financial production and effective plan for the customers, assist the customers to complete highly supply and demand docking, realize stronger and bigger development
我們根據國內外客戶的不同需求，在深入分析行業和市場的基礎上，為客戶設計各種高質量的金融產品和有效的實施方案，協助客戶藉助中美控股這一連接產業與金融、資金與項目的橋梁，完成供需的高效對接，實現更強更大的發展。We according to the domestic and foreign customers the different demand, in the thorough analysis profession and in the market foundation, designs each kind of high grade financial product and the effective implementation plan for the customer, assists the customer this connection industry with theaid of china and america and financial, the fund and goal bridge, completes the supply and demand highly effective docking, arealization stronger bigger development
我們根據國內外客戶的不同需求，在深入分析行業和市場的基礎上，為客戶設計各種高質量的金融產品和有效的實施方案，協助客戶藉助中美控股這一連接產業與金融、資金與項目的橋梁，完成供需的高效對接，實現更強更大的發展。Although it is obviously necessary to put a figure in the government budget for the investment income from the fiscal reserves, the sharing arrangement and financial market volatility mean that the budget figure often turns out to be wrong by a fairly wide margin
雖然政府預算案確有需要列出財政儲備的投資收入估計數字，但分帳安排及金融市場波動往往令預算案數字與實際數字有很大出入。The aggregate amount of the initial margins required for futures contracts, initial margins required for put option contracts, and premiums required for call option contracts for the open positions for all delivery months held by the sub - account plus the investment by the account in money market instruments shall not be more than 30 percent of the balance of funds remitted into the sub - account
每一分戶持有各交割月份未平倉部位之期貨契約所需原始保證金、賣出選擇權契約所需原始保證金與買入選擇權契約所需權利金，併入其投資貨幣市場工具等之總額，不得超過其匯入資金餘額之百分之三十。Under this circumstance, our treasury bond market exits lots of shortfalls which impede further development for this market. in this essay, combining with the experience in developing country " s experience, it analyses some challenges which confronted chinese bond market, such as liquidity in the interbank market has yet to be improved, duration in bond products are yet to be rational, a sound yield curve is yet to be take shape, the separation between exchange and interbank yet to be broken. in order to solving above issues, this essay suggests that it should develop market maker system to increase market liquidity ; manage balanced treasury bond ; issue short and long term treasury bond in proportion to improve duration and yield curve ; develop bond derivative products such as future trading, open style repurchasement, so it can provides tools for risk protection
但隨著我國經濟的快速發展，金融市場已今非昔比，中國成為了世貿組織的成員，中國資本市場要走向國際化，利率的市場化是大勢所趨，在此前提下，我國國債市場還存在著很多不足，越來越阻礙著國債市場的進一步發展，本文結合世界發達國家的先進經驗，剖析了我國國債市場存在的一些問題如：流動性有待改善、國債期限結構不合理、無法形成科學合理的益率曲線、交易所市場與銀行間市場割裂等，為解決這些問題，本文建議應發展做市商制度以提高市場流動性；實施國債余額管理，發行短期國債及長期國債，改善國債期限結構，以形成科學合理的收益率曲線；發展債券衍生金融創新工具如國債期貨交易、開放式回購等，為投資者提供避險工具等等。After china is entry into wto, international coal enterprises are bound to enter chinese market. unfortunately, at present majority of chinese coal enterprises are less competitive and characterized by bad management, small scale, insufficient capital, bad service, etc. now many chinese coal corporations are in the transitional period in which their inadequate mechanisms can ` t accommodate international competition. all chinese coal companies must adapt to the sane challenge
中國正式加入世貿組織，國際大型煤炭企業集團必然會進軍中國煤炭市場，而我國煤炭企業存在著管理差、規模小、資金少、服務差等方面的劣勢，缺乏競爭力，目前大量的國有重點煤礦正處于轉制過程中，企業制度還不健全，與市場要求不相適應，這是我國煤炭企業共同面對的挑戰，現代煤炭企業必須適應這種挑戰。Korean enterprises should take following countermeasures : an effort to get access to china ' s service markets, deepening the composition of export commodities, focusing on upgrading industries etc. part v deals with the perspective of sino - korean trade, holding there are underpinnings of mutual advantages and there is a bright future for trade as long as institutional and policy blocks are removed. finally, some schemes are raised for further opening markets in china : a midvlong term strategic act to advance towards china ' s market, closer contact with local governments, expansion of sino - korean technological trade, flexible employment of edcf, overseas investment capital and capital of international financial institutions and international financial markets, market segmentation from regional features in china, fostering skill - intensive industries instead of pure processing industries, establishment of more joint ventures to lighten the burden on capital etc
文章的最後為韓國進一步開辟中國市場提出了若干方案：韓國要把進軍中國市場看作一項中長期的戰略性舉措；投資到中國的企業應集中開辟中國原輔材料的出口和1產品：加強與地方政府的接觸，實現出口線多變化；大力發展韓中兩國的技術貿易；靈活性的利用經濟開發協作基金（ edcf ） ，海外投資資金及國際金融機構和國際金融市場資金；根據中國的地域性特徵進行市場分割，利用地方政府的經濟自主權制定出經濟協作方案；韓國對中國的投資要從單純的加工業解脫出來，發展技術密集型的產業；多設立合資企業，合作投資可能更減少對資金的負擔。I hope that significant progress will be made in the coming months on proposals to enhance the transparency of markets, in particular the activities of those who are moving large amounts of capital around the globe, and to regulate, whether directly or indirectly, the highly leveraged institutions
金管局現正積極參與有關的國際討論，包括如何提高市場的透明度，特別是涉及調動全球各地大資金的市場活動，以及有關直接或間接監管利用高杠桿效應運作的金融機構的建議。我期望有關的工作可以在未來數月取得顯著進展。分享友人