退化因數 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tuìhuàyīnshǔ]
退化因數 英文
degeneration factor
  • 退 : 動詞1 （向後移動） retreat; draw back; move back 2 （使向後移動） cause to move back; remove; wit...
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 數 : 數副詞（屢次） frequently; repeatedly
  • 退化 : become vestigial; degenerate; deteriorate; retrograde; devolution; retrogradation; retrogression;...
  1. They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem

    本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
  2. Incomplete visual recovery after cataract surgery was due to ( 1 ) refractive error ( incorrect or no glasses ), ( 2 ) armd, ( 3 ) glaucoma and ( 4 ) posterior capsule opacity ( or after - cataract )

    至於手術后視力未能完全恢復的原因，一般為屈光不正（如眼鏡度數有誤或根本沒有配戴眼鏡） 、老年性黃斑退化、青光眼及晶體后囊膜混濁（繼發性白內障） 。
  3. The causes of devolution, desertation, salinization and solonization were analysed in two aspects : it is apparently due to overpopulation, overstocking, unreasonably using, lacking of new technique, frequent occurrence of nature disaster, small area and low output of artificial pasture and semi - artificial pasture, but the more deeply reason was that the function of grassland was not completely understood only emphasizing the economic efficiency and regrowthful resource in grassland while the ecological efficiency and its potential use were neglected

    本文主要從兩方面對草原三化進行了分析，首先從表面上看有以下幾方面原因，人口多、牲畜數量多、草原利用不合理、新技術推廣差、草原自然災害頻繁、人工半人工草地少產量低。其次又挖掘了草原退化的深層原因，第一對草原資源的功能和作用的認識具有片面性，只重視草原的經濟效益，卻忽略了它的生態效益；只重視草原資源的再生性，卻忽略了它的適宜可利用性。
  4. In light of current using situation and drawing on the experience of many scholars researched methods and viewpoints, this thesis made com land, fallow land, orchard, grass land as experimental field in black soil region jlau, which carried out experiment by applying different amounts of n and p fertilization in corn field. by means of collecting the samples of rainfall runoff, erosion silt and surface layer soil before and after rainfall for one year nature precipitation in field, we study the effect of surface runoff on n and p nutrient and fertility degeneration. the results showed : ( l ) there are lots of factors which affect soil erosion and losses of n and p, in which rainfall and rainfall intensity were more important, while rainfall intensity is the most important meteorological phenomena factor

    針對當前黑土利用現狀，本文借鑒眾多學者的研究方法和觀點，在吉林農大黑土區選擇利用方式不同的玉米地、休閑地、果園、草地，在玉米區進行了不同數量的施肥，通過野外試驗，採集一年自然降雨產流及泥沙樣品，同時採集降雨前後的耕層土壤樣品，研究了黑土區地表徑流對氮磷養分特徵及肥力退化的影響，結果表明：土壤侵蝕和氮磷的流失受諸多因素的影響，降雨量、降雨強度是重要因子，而降雨強度是影響農田地表徑流養分流失的最重要的氣象因子，特別是暴雨，暴雨徑流中氮磷濃度較平時高得多；隨作物生長，覆蓋度逐漸增加以及不同利用方式下表現的覆蓋度差異，氮磷流失都表現為顯著的差異。
  5. Another algorithm is based on pixels : sample many points along the curve, round them to the nearest integer and set each pixel the computed point falls in. although this algorithm uses integer arithmetic, it provides the smooth curve possible at the expense of computation time as many points have to be computed to ensure that no gaps are created along the curve. furthermore these two algorithms we mentioned above is appropriate for low degree parametric curves, for high degree parametric curves, we usually approach them by using low degree rational parametric curves, the generating curve ' s fairness property is not very good

    我們知道當節點矢量的兩端節點均為k重節點且無內節點時， b樣條基函數退化為bemstein多項式，因此該生成演算法還可推廣到b能ier曲線中，具有廣泛的應用價值、同樣地，在cad和cagd中，有理b樣條曲線，特別是非均勻有理b樣條曲線（ nurbs ）已經成為曲線曲面設計中最廣為流行的技術，然而對這些曲線目前也尚無很好的曲線生成演算法，因此有理b樣條曲線的生成演算法無疑有著更重要的意義
  6. However, the simulated annealing algorithm will expand too much time to estimate the values of objective function when applied to aerodynamics optimizations. the way to remedy this problem in this dissertation is by improving the efficiency of optimizer and the cfd - solver. our cfd - solver is base on the modification to the proper orthogonal decomposition ( pod ) method that can produce a finite series of basis functions or modes through the solution of snapshots

    但對于氣動外形優化設計問題來說，由於評估需要解決的問題的目標函數值需要多次調用流場解算器，會導致用模擬退火演算法進行優化設計的計算工作量過大，因此需要我們對流場解算器和優化方法兩個方面進行研究以尋找此問題的解決辦法。
  7. All of these become the congenital of obturation and dropping behind to make the hetian typical arid poverty. hetian plunges into the vicious circle of " ppe " ( population, poverty and environment ). the population density ( 10. 27 ) is higher than the standard of arid land ( 7 )

    和田地處偏遠，生存環境惡劣，少數民族聚居，經濟以較為原始的農業生產為主，成為當地相對封閉、發展落後的先天因素，使和田成為乾旱區貧困的典型，深陷入「環境脆弱?貧困?掠奪資源?環境退化?刺激人口增加?進一步貧困」的貧困、人口、環境的「 ppe 」怪圈。
  8. Based on the change of electrical load, promptly monitor stop and run operation of capacitor to ensure effective watt factor on proper level

    根據分路用電負荷的變化，及時檢查電容器的投入和退出運行，保證有功功率因數維持在正常水平。
  9. Consulting criterion and experts ’ experience the grade standards of indexes are listed, and applying grey correlation analysis method to calculate value of the indexes, of which the form is a serial data. the last, an actual bridge uses synthesis evaluation model, of which calculating result is the same as conclusion of the experts. so the bridge condition synthesis evaluation model of this dissertation is relatively in reason ; chapter 3 discusses defects of current bridge condition evaluation methods, and analyzes various factors, which bring bridge degeneration

    參考《公路橋涵養護規范》中的分級標準進行評語量化，最後根據綜合評價模型進行實橋的評價，驗證本文所用方法的合理性;第三章，討論層次分析法建立橋梁評價模型存在的問題，分析影響橋梁退化的各種因素，並給出因素的模糊分級標準，運用模糊綜合評判方法估算橋梁平均退化率，以掌握橋梁的退化狀態，並舉例說明本方法的可行性;第四章，針對橋梁狀態評價具有信息不完全、關系不明確等灰色特性，以及目前我國橋梁管理部門儲備的橋梁數據資料較少的弱點，對橋梁狀態退化趨勢的預測採用灰色預測的方法，並給出了橋梁狀態的灰色馬爾可夫預測模型和非等時距灰色預測模型。
  10. Secondly, by low - cycle and reverse horizontal loading test, their properties including strength property, deformation property and energy property are studied. we study the loading characteristic values ; the property of hysteretic curve and skeleton - frame curves ; the ductility property and stiffness degradation. at last we analyze the destroy principle and affection reasons of hollow shear wall of r. c with vertical seams in different height and loading measures, we also give the bearing capability calculation formulas and design advises for new type hollow shear wall of r. c

    首先運用ansys有限元程序分析彈性階段水平外荷載施加后，帶豎縫鋼筋砼空心剪力墻板內應力分佈及變形情況，再在試驗數據的基礎上，研究低周反復水平加載條件下，各試件的強度、變形、能量特性；各試件的荷載特徵值；各試件的滯回曲線、骨架曲線；延性及剛度退化等參數；最後，分析了不同剪跨比和加載條件的帶豎縫鋼筋砼空心剪力墻板的破壞機理和承載力影響因素，並給出不同剪跨比和加載條件的帶豎縫鋼筋砼空心剪力墻板承載力計算公式及設計建議。
  11. Especially, when the isocline of x is monotone decreasing in 0 < x < 1, the svstem has no limit cycle and is globally stable ; next, we construct a saddle bifurcation at the boundary equilibrium and a degenerated bogdanov - takens bifurcation at the interior equilibrium by choosing appropriate parameter values in the following two sections, where our work are based on the theory of central manifolds and normal torms. we prove that is a codimention 3 focus - type equilibrium. system ( 6. 1 ) will have two limit cycles at some appropriate bifurcation parameter values, and have homoclinic or double - homoclinic orbits at some other appropriate bifurcation parameter values ; at last, we study the qualitative properties of the system at infinite in the poincare sphere

    因為系統在（ 0 ， 0 ）點處沒有定義，這給研究其在（ 0 ， 0 ）附近的動力學性質帶來了困難，我們應用文獻[ 17 ]中關于研究非線性方程奇點的系列理論和方法，圓滿解決了這一問題，給出了第一象限內當t +或t -時，在全參數狀態下系統的軌線趨于（ 0 ， 0 ）點的所有可能情況，其相圖也得以描繪；並且，系統不存在極限環的幾個充分條件我們也予以列出，當x的等傾線在0 x 1范圍內遞減時，系統不存在極限環，全局漸近穩定；然後，我們以中心流形定理和正規型方法為主要工具，巧妙選擇參數，分別構造了一個余維2的鞍點分岔和一個余維3退化bogdanov - takens分岔，證明了平衡點是余維3的焦點型平衡點，存在參數， m ，的值使得系統（ 6 . 1 ）有兩個極限環，還存在參數， m ，的另外值使得系統（ 6 . 1 ）有同宿軌或雙同宿軌。
  12. ( 2 ) some studies are made for the subject of various effects on wave propagation and ground motion of multi - dry, multi - saturated, and alternate dry and saturated soil layers. a comprehensive computer program is compiled, accounting for soil dilatancy, linear and non - linear constitutive relation, rigidity degradation and suiting to any combinations of soil layers, dry and / or saturated with different thicknesses, properties, continuity conditions at interfaces, and inputs at base and top boundaries. from the numerical results obtained for a quite large number of typical cases, some knowledge of general trends of response for, especially, the cases of alternate dry and saturated soil layers are gained both quantitatively and qualitatively

    （ 2 ）對不含水土層分層排列、飽水土層分層排列、不含水土層與飽水土層分層交錯排列情況下對波傳播和地面運動的影響做了一些研究，考慮到土壤的剪脹性、線性和非線性本構關系，剛度退化等因素，編制了可適用上述各種情況和任意多土層（包括含水或不含水、力學性質不同、厚度不同、邊界連續條件不同等） ，在不同基底輸入或上邊界輸入作用下的通用分析程序，通過對相當數量的典型情況進行的分析計算，得到了一些趨勢性的認識，特別是對飽水與不含水土層分層交錯情況，取得了一些新認識。
  13. According to the rules and considerations which are based and taken into account in the practical work, this paper proposes a new model for distribution maintenance scheduling which intends to find the most economical maintenance schedule without violating any restrictions and also the paper makes a deep research of ga, sa and ts. by constructing two effective instructive rules which derive from the feature of distribution maintenance schedule and introducing ts into mutation operation of ga in the earlier generations, the proposed method improves the convergence of optimization and shortens the calculation time. the proposed model and method are applied to a practical system, and numerical results verify ' the correctness and validity of them

    本文結合實際電力調度計劃工作中檢修計劃的制定原則和所要考慮的各種因素，抽象出適合配電網檢修計劃優化的數學模型：對遺傳演算法、模擬退火演算法以及禁忌搜索演算法等多種演算法進行了研究和分析比較，針對遺傳演算法的不足提出了通過對實際問題的分析抽象出一定規則指導演算法在解空間進行搜索和兩階段變異運算元兩項改進措施，並應用於配電網檢修計劃優化，編制了相應的應用軟體；應用該軟體對我國南方某地區供電局某月的檢修計劃進行優化的結果表明，本文所提出的模型和改進的優化方法是正確和有效的。
  14. Beginning with the problem of interlaced region between farming and herding, the boundary line of the interlaced region is calculated based on grid with 10km grid ; then the relation among land use of the region, soil erosion and erosion region is analyzed ; based on factor classification, no useful factors were neglected and stepwise regression method was used to analysis the drive of land use change ; fractal method was applied to analysis the degradation of land - use and relation among land use, soil erosion and wind - water erosion zone ; environmental variances are introduced to establish characteristic index of land use change and analysis the effect of land use change on soil erosion

    從農牧交錯帶的實質問題入手，基於10公里網格，計算農牧交錯帶的界限；在此基礎上分析農牧交錯帶的土地利用、土壤侵蝕及與風水侵蝕帶的關系；在因子分層的基礎上，剔除不需要因素，採用逐步回歸的方法，進行土地利用變化驅動力分析；運用分形方法分析土地利用的退化，並分析土地利用與土壤侵蝕的關系，引入環境變量，建立土地利用變化特徵指數，分析土地利用變化對土壤侵蝕的影響。
  15. The article proposed one kind of new image restoration method : through the analysis of the reason of the image degeneration, using the fourier transforms theory and the optical system theory, through the union of mathemetics, optics and digital image processing the discipline and so on, established the new model of image restoration, caused x light fiim of the digitized image clarity greatly to enhance, basically has realized x light without film

    文章提出了一種新的圖像恢復的方法：通過分析圖像退化的原因，利用傅立葉變換理論及光學系統理論，通過對數學、光學及數字圖像處理等學科的結合，建立了新的圖像恢復模型，使得x光片的數字化成像的清晰度大大提高，基本實現了x光片的無膠片化。
  16. The decline of bird species diversity and evenness index in yueqing bay indicated that the habitats of water birds were being degraded, which might be related to human disturbance such as reclamation

    鳥類多樣性指數和均勻度指數均呈下降趨勢，說明適宜水鳥棲息的整體資源環境正逐漸退化，這可能與圍墾等人為干擾因素有關。
  17. 3. the action of main affected factors, such as axial force, shear - span ratio, transverse reinforcement amount and so on, are described in detail to study the shear behavior and mechanism of columns under cyclic load. 4. the shear contribution of concrete and transverse reinforcement as to the increasing of columns * displacement ductility level is also investigated

    詳細地分析了位移延性、循環次數以及剪跨比、軸壓比及配箍特徵值等因素對框架柱構件骨架曲線、荷載退化曲線、剛度退化曲線及構件滯回性能等的影響，得出了反復荷載下框架柱塑性鉸區域剪切受力性能的眾多試驗研究結果。
  18. The key to image restoration is how to construct proper blur model. for image restoration can be regarded as an estimation procedure. some algorithms can construct the original images if the blur images and the system parameters were known

    圖像復原的關鍵在於建立正確的退化模型，因為圖像復原處理可看成是一個估計過程，如果已經給出了退化圖像並估計出系統參數，就可以通過一些復原演算法近似復原出原始圖像。
  19. The resistance attenuation of each element is considered in the design process, and the statistical parameters of the elements are assumed to be the same as the investigated results of china. in the process of the calculating of the element reliability attenuation in expected service life, several load combination and different load ratio of dead load to live load are considered. in order to ensure that structure reliability in expected service life satisfies the requirement of today ’ s code, a method of choosing the initial reliability index of structure basing on the length of expected service life and the structure resistance attenuation is proposed and the corresponding durability reduction factor is chosen by an optimum algorithm

    根據我國現行建築結構可靠度設計原理，考慮耐久性退化影響因素，設計了抗力統計參數與我國調查結果一致的五種代表性鋼筋混凝土構件，考慮多種荷載效應組合以及不同荷載效應比，研究了不同使用期內代表性構件的可靠度變化規律;為保證預期使用期內結構可靠度水平仍可滿足現行規范要求，提出了根據預期使用期和抗力衰減幅度確定結構設計可靠度指標的方法，並通過優化的方法確定了預期使用期內的耐久性折減系數，給出了預期使用期結構可靠度設計的實用設計方法。
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