降水歷時 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiàngshuǐlìshí]
降水歷時 英文
precipitation duration
  • 降 : 降動詞1. （投降） surrender; capitulate 2. （降伏） subdue; vanquish; tame
  • 水 : 名詞1 （由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子結合而成的液體） water 2 （河流） river 3 （指江、河、湖、海、洋...
  • 歷 : Ⅰ名詞1 （經歷） experience 2 [天文學] （歷法） calendar 3 （歷書; 年鑒; 歷本） almanac Ⅱ動詞（經...
  • 時 : shí］Ⅰ名1 （比較長的一段時間）time; times; days:當時at that time; in those days; 古時 ancient tim...
  • 歷時 : last; take
  1. Meanwhile, an artificial imitation rainfall system was developed in order to study the characteristics of city underlying surface and make experimental check up about the relative appraising index, on which 200 rainfall experiments are made, analyzing the effect of rainfall intensity to the runoff of underlying surface ; the relationship between runoff permeability and unit factor of rainfall intensity and duration ; the effect of rainfall intensity, duration, soil moisture content, and temperature to the runoff permeability ; the relationship between rainfall quantity and runoff permeability, and make mathematical imitation to the expe rimental results, to find the mutual - relationships, and make discussion about the differences between equations of fit

    同時，為研究城市下墊面的產匯流特性研製了一套人工模擬降雨系統，並對相關評價指標進行了實測校驗。在此基礎上，進行了200多場降雨實驗，分析了雨強、歷時、土壤前期含水量、溫度、降雨量、不同下墊面和不同覆蓋度等對產匯流的影響，及各種因素對徑流系數的影響和相關性，建立了一定條件下歷時徑流系數，雨強徑流系數，流量徑流系數的函數模型。
  2. When soil antecedent condition is dry and the initial rainfall intensity is high, peak surface runoff also considerably lag behind that of rainfall, because of the formation of temporary relative impermeable top layer ; b ) surface runoff is controlled primarily by infiltration - excess runoff mechanism under unsaturated condition ; the major fraction of surface runoff are dominated by saturated infiltration - excess runoff response, only a small fraction by return flow mechanism when soil is saturated ; c ) subsurface flow is dominated by saturated runoff mechanism, and the duration of subsurface post the rainfall end is dependent upon rather the soil properties than the rainfall characteristics ; d ) subsurface flow intensity in cultivated soil layer ( 0 ~ 20cm ) is high up to 35mm / h when rainfall intensity is up to 120mm / h, indicating the existing of macropores and pipe flow in cultivated layer

    2 ）耕作制下紫色土的產流主要機制是： 1 ）當雨前土壤含水量未達到飽和狀態時，表面產流起始時間有明顯滯后現象，這與紫色土的快吸水性和較多非毛管孔隙密切相關；當雨前土壤較乾燥，降雨初期雨強較大時，易形成臨時相對不透水表層，表面產流峰也有明顯滯后現象。 2 ）表面徑流的產流方式主要是超滲產流，當土壤達到飽和狀態后，有四川大學博士學位論文小部分回歸流發生，但主要是飽和超滲產流發生，因為紫色土的相對不透水層和其它透水障礙層不明顯。 3 ）壤中流主要是飽和產流，與降雨過程有明顯的滯后，而且雨停后的壤中流產流歷時與降雨特徵無關。
  3. With orthogonal polynomial the relationship between middle - season rice yield and meteorological factors ( air - temperature, precipitation, sunshine - time ) during ear differentiation, heading and seeding stage of middle - season rice over the years in jingzhou city was analysed

    採用正交多項式法分析了荊州市歷年中稻稻穗分化期和抽穗結實期的氣象條件（溫度、降水、日照時間）與中稻產量的關系。
  4. Data used in this work are north pacific ssta, 160 stations precipitation of china, and ncep reanalysis data. main results are as follow : ( 1 ) it is found that a apparent transition of north pacific ssta in later 1970 ' s : eastern and middle - equatorial pacific ssta turns from cold to warm with area extending, and mid - latitude pacific ( west wind drift zone ) turns from warm to cold. during this transition of ssta, different characters also appear in el nino and la nina : before 1976, la nina happens more frequently, and its duration is longer, el nino zone develops from negative ssta in the early stage ; after 1976, el nino happens a little bit frequent and longer with more intensity than before, el nino zone develops from positive ssta in the early stage ; the course of ssta variation has an enso cycle of 2 - 6 years, annual oscillation of 8 - 9 years, and decadal variation of about 22 years

    本文採用1950 - 1999年北太平洋海表溫度（ sst ） 、中國160站夏季降水和ncep再分析的歐亞500hpa高度場等資料，利用eof 、 svd 、小波分析、合成分析和相關分析等方法，在分析北太平洋海溫時空分佈特徵的基礎上，著重探討了海溫異常及其年代際變化對我國東部降水的影響，並對降水、高度場和海溫三者之間的關系進行了分析，以試圖尋找三者異常之間可能的聯系，主要結論如下： （ 1 ） 1976年前後，北太平洋海溫經歷了一次明顯的轉變，赤道中、東太平洋厄爾尼諾海區由冷轉暖，暖水范圍增大，中緯度西風漂流區海溫由暖轉冷；在這樣的年代際背景下，厄爾尼諾、拉尼娜事件在不同的時期也有不同的特徵：在76年前，拉尼娜事件發生頻率高，持續時間長，事件起始於負海溫距平；而76年後，則是厄爾尼諾事件發生頻率略高，持續時間長，強度增大，事件起始於正海溫距平。
  5. " finally, paradoxical as it may seem, the standard of 80 per cent of the people has not been lowered despite all the hardships of the japanese war

    「雖然經歷了抗戰時期的艱難歲月，邊區百分之八十人口的生活水平並未下降，這看來似乎是難以置信的。
  6. On the basis of analysis for recharge, flow - off and drainage of research area, the paper concludes that the main possible cause for the fall of water head is groundwater exploitation by comparing the curve of rainfall - time and the curve of observation heads of some observation well

    在充分分析研究區補給、徑流和排泄規律的基礎上，文章通過比較降雨歷時曲線、部分觀測孔觀測水頭曲線得出開采量可能是影響水頭下降的主要因素。
  7. Based on the rainfall data in autumn, an analysis of synthesis profit, such as autumn rainfall utilized in spring, the change of soil moisture, water storage variation in qinghai lake and so on, of the artificial precipitation is made

    摘要據2001年秋季人工增雨資料，結合歷年秋季降水資料，從秋雨春用、影響地下水位涵養、青海湖水量盈虧等方面分析了秋季人工增雨的綜合效益；並著重分析了秋季降水與環湖地區土壤水分貯量以及第二年春季環湖天然草場土壤墑情、牧草返青時間、生長狀況及產量的關系。
  8. With the same slope gradient and slope length, the soil erosion on the dyke slope caused by the runoff mainly depended on the factors such as the runoff, flow velocity, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, as well as the up - slope drainage area of dyke slope

    坡度、坡長一定時，徑流對戧坡的侵蝕主要與徑流量、流速、雨強、降雨歷時，戧坡以上匯聚水量或集水面積有關。
  9. By monitoring the quality of the roof rainwater gathered in shanghai and analyzing the main influential factors as well as the pollution level, it is found that roof material, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and volume are important influential factors affecting the quality of runoff from roofs

    摘要通過對上海市屋面雨水水質監測，及對其污染主要影響因素與污染程度的分析表明，屋面材料、降雨歷時、降雨強度及降雨量等是屋面徑流雨水水質的重要影響因素。
  10. Based on the analysis of the data and information from the field observations and lab experiments, the results were as follows : ( 1 ) the results of the simulated rainfall and runoff erosion experiments in lab. under the design experiment conditions including the constant rainfall intensities of 1. 0, 2. 0, 3. 0mm / min and the rainfall durations of 30, 70 minutes and with soil moisture content 9. 5 % or 10. 0 % for dry situation, as well as with the soil moisture content 19. 0 % or 20. 0 % for wet situation, the soil erosion increased nonlinearly with the rainfall intensity, and the rainfall duration. the results of the experiments indicated that the amount of soil erosion caused by the simulated rainfall and runoff on the dry - soil slope was more than that on the wet - soil slope

    通過實地觀測及室內試驗資料分析，得到如下研究成果： 1 、室內模擬降雨徑流對戧坡的侵蝕試驗研究結果在定雨強為1 . 0 、 2 . 0 、 3 . 0mm min ，降雨歷時30 、 70分鐘，干土含水量為9 . 5 10 . 0 ，濕土含水量為19 . 0 20 . 0的條件下，侵蝕量與雨強成非線性正比關系；雨強大，侵蝕量大；降雨歷時長，侵蝕量也大；堤坡含水量大時，侵蝕量小，堤坡含水量小時侵蝕量大。
  11. We systemically discussed the distribution of precipitation, dynamics of soil erosion in different land - use types, the relation between soil and water losses and some rainfall characteristics, such as rainfall amount, intensity, duration and prophase rainfall. further, rainfall erosion force was discussed and regression equations between soil and water losses and rainfall characteristics were founded

    較為系統的探討了閩江上游地區的降雨分佈特徵，不同土地利用方式的水土流失動態，不同土地利用方式水土流失與降雨量、降雨強度、降雨歷時、前期降雨等的關系，在此基礎上，初步探討了閩江上游的降雨侵蝕力，並建立了不同土地利用方式水土流失與降雨特性有關的回歸方程。
  12. It is indicated that the hydration process of cement - based materials with slag, fly ash and silica fume is different in some degree from that of neat cement because of the difference in mineral structure and hydration mechanism. the periods of accelerating, decelerating and terminating are prolonged and hydration reaction decelerates. the second peak of rate curve of the heat evolution could be divided into two small peaks, which are contributed to the hydration of clinkers and mineral mixtures at the temperature of 30 but when temperature comes to 50, the two small peaks combine into one and the reaction accelerates

    結果表明，與硅酸鹽水泥相比，由於礦物摻合料與水泥熟料在活性和水化機理上的差異，水化歷程有較大的改變：多組分體系誘導期、加速期和衰減期延長，水化反應速率明顯降低；低溫時，水化放熱速率曲線上的第二放熱峰細化成分別對應于熟料和礦物摻合料水化的兩個小峰；高溫時，反應速率加快，雙峰合併；進一步研究發現，摻合料的種類與摻量對水化歷程也有較大的影響；建立了適用於多組分水泥基材料不同水化階段的水化動力學方程。
  13. Therefor whenever the flood was coming, it is very important that we were prepared to control flood at any moment and safeguard our lives and property and did our best to minimized the damage by some science means, the dss of controlling the flood this paper introduced ought to reflect flood disaster real - timely, list all feasible projects by referring to historic experiences and pre - making plans, find out the optimization of all projects by integrated evaluating for decision maker

    因此，當洪水到來時，作好防洪準備，採取有效措施，隨時保護人民的生命財產的安全，盡量把損失降低到最低程度，意義十分重大。防洪決策支持系統的建立，必須能為決策者展現洪災實時的具體情況，參照歷史經驗和預先制定的防洪預案，列出適合當前洪水狀態的全部防洪方案可行集，利用綜合評價方法求出洪災損失最小的最優防洪方案。
  14. According to the documentation collected from domestic and abroad wang wei dong who works in huadong architect and structure institute utilizes the similar work property between the underground continuous wall and pile subjected the vertical loads, and introduces poulos method of elasticity and plastic which applies to pile foundation into the calculation for subsidence of underground continuous wall. pujialiu and yu yuzhou from water and electronic engineering of qinghua university, according to the result of three axes, define the concrete parameter utilize the model of non - linear e - b combined with the design cross section of dam in xiaolangdi, yellow river accept the total stress programme of thepd dam, and we analyze the stress and displacement of plastic concrete diaphragm wall by finite element method in comparison with the result of common concrete one. at same time, we consider the effect of the character of plastic concrete diaphragm wall which is composed of different gradients and adopting the level of stress and pulling stress infers whether the plastic concrete diaphragm wall is safe or not

    地下連續墻是一種歷史較短的施工方法，目前，砼防滲墻的設計還是以傳統的設計方法為主，根據查找國內外文獻資料，華東建築設計院王衛東利用地下連續墻與樁在豎向荷載作用下的工作性能有相似性，將適用於樁基的poulos彈性理論引入對地下連續墻的沉降計算中；清華大學水利水電工程系濮家騮、于玉貞根據三軸試驗結果確定混凝土的參數，利用非線性e - b模型，結合黃河小浪底土石壩設計剖面，採用thepd土石壩總應力程序，對深覆蓋層塑性混凝土防滲墻的應力、位移進行有限元分析，並與普通混凝土防滲墻計算結果加以對比，同時分析了不同配比塑性混凝土特性的影響，並採用應力水平和拉應力數值來判斷塑性混凝土防滲墻的安全程度。
  15. Annual precipitation series about 50 years is stable and no period ; further, the climate drying and desertification are n ' t caused directly by the decrease of precipitation during the period of the research according to the relational analysis among precipitation temporal - spatial change, runoff, evaporation, potential evapotranspiration and soil water ; longyangxia reservoir which was built in 1986 does n ' t have influence on precipitation up to now ; but annual temperature series in gonghe is unstable, having a linear upward trend, and it increases about 0. 0247, 0. 0422 and 0. 0272c per year, and temperature rise must be having an influence on desertification, but there is a very little temperature change, so that the effect is very small ; annual potential evapotranspiration series is stable too, so climate change has little influence on plant water consumption. 2

    在青海共和盆地，近50年的年降雨量序列是平穩的、無周期，其時空變化與徑流、蒸發、潛在蒸散和土壤水分的關系表明，氣候乾燥和嚴重的荒漠化不是由於降雨量減少直接引起，龍羊峽水庫對共和盆地年降雨量變化沒有影響；但是年氣溫序列是非平穩的，茶卡、恰卜恰和貴南的年氣溫平均每年升高0 . 0247 、 0 . 0422和0 . 0272 ，且氣溫升高2 ，年潛在蒸散增加57mm ，盆地內氣候逐漸變乾燥，但影響比較小；由於歷年潛在蒸散序列是平穩的，因此氣候變化對盆地的作物潛在蒸散的影響在研究期內是較小的。
  16. The study solves engineering problem as follows : ( 1 ) the systematic study on the historical course of xigeda strata deposit and geologic environment includes strata, lithologic characters and constitution et in the liangshan and panzhihua region. the results show that the xichang - panzhihua express way is controlled by the anninghe fault and the xigeda fault, the earthquake frequently happen in the region of pass, the different sedimentation number is more great, they effect the road building, safety in operation and structure belong road ( 2 ) because in some place the xigeda strata is foundation and roadbed, the study on the basic properties of the xigeda strata include density, moisture content plastic and liquid limit graduation. the results show that the xigeda strata is deposition in lake, the main component is mudstone and sandstone, the fine particle is main, it has some viscosity, the moisture content of mudstone is different the it of sandstone, the other property are likeness. the xigeda strata has no dilatation on total, some claystone have low and medium dilatation ; ( 3 ) the study on the basic properties of xigeda filler include the composition of matter the biggest standard dry density, the optimum moisture content the results show that xigeda filler can use as road material, it is well grade filler and admixture filler on essence, its compaction index should change in different place because the property is controlled by mudstone and sandstone that change is great in different place ; ( 4 ) the study on the xigeda filler craft used as express way roadbed, includes suitable thickness, compaction numbers and methods and equipment choice et

    公路沿線廣泛分佈有昔格達地層，昔格達地層能否用作高速公路路基填料，國內沒有先例，本論文就是結合導師的科研項目，在非典期間，現場長達5個月的工作，完成了從試驗、現場施工工藝到路堤分層沉降監測等工作，是面對生產實際，認識昔格達地層的性質和其作為地基、路基和填料應用中面臨的問題進行的研究。主要的研究內容有：對攀西地區地層巖性、構造等地質環境和昔格達地層的沉積歷史過程作了系統的分析，研究表明西攀高速公路主要受安寧河斷裂和昔格達斷裂影響，通過地區地震活動頻繁，差異沉降較大，對公路建設、安全運行和沿線構築物設計有較大影響；由於昔格達地層在有些路段作為地基、有些作為路基，對其基本性質進行了研究：包括天然密度、含水量、塑液限、顆粒級配等指標的試驗研究。研究成果表明：昔格達地層為湖相沉積，主要為砂巖和泥巖，它以細粒組為主，同時粘粒的存在，使其具有一定粘性。
  17. This work aims at studying multi - scale structures of large - scale stratiform precipitating clouds typical of henan province of central - eastern china in spring and autumn drought periods of china, the potentials and techniques of artificial rain increase. through analysis of historical weather / climate and cloud physical data, developed are a number of multi - scale observational schemes including intensive observational items, and space / time resolutions of data for integrative field observations to obtain real - time measurements of the structures at large -, medium -, small - and micro - scale. from analysis of observed separate items, their integrative treatment and numerical simulation we place focus on case studies and their integration in investigating such structures of stratiform precipitating clouds over the target region, rainfall physical mechanisms and exploitation of artificial rainfall increase potentials, whereupon a conceptual model is constructed and a range of catalysis schemes are proposed to improve smaller - scale forecasting accracy and techniques for the rainfall increase, with the dominant results given below

    以地處中原、具有典型代表意義的河南層狀降水雲系為主要研究對象，在對該地歷史天氣氣候和雲物理等資料分析的基礎上，研究設計雲系多尺度觀測方案（包括加密觀測項目、觀測時空解析度） ，實施有設計的外場綜合觀測，獲取雲系結構多尺度（大、中、小、微）配套的實時觀測資料；通過對各種觀測資料的分項和綜合處理分析，以典型個例觀測和數值模擬分析研究為重點，綜合多個例分析，研究河南層狀降水雲系多尺度宏微觀結構特徵、降水物理機制和人工增雨潛力條件，建立典型層狀雲系人工增雨概念模型，研究科學的人工增雨作業技術系統。
  18. And utilized the compatibility of software saw the optimized products. in order to advance the precision of data processing, practical quantity of flow and turnover duration were adopt to calculate the quantity of water of tilting bucket the experiment of character of tipping bucket in the measure and control system shows that the error between the measurement and calculation, ( < = 0. 01 ) decreased sharply, and the efficiency is promoted greatly

    西安理工大學碩士學位論文3 .根據噴頭特性和均勻度等要求，編制了噴頭、供水支管布置優化設計的程序，並利用軟體之間的兼容性，使優化結果可視化;測控系統中的翻斗特性實驗證明，採用實測流量一翻轉歷時來計算翻斗水量，大大降低了測量和計算誤差，誤差必
  19. The whole system is based on the intranet in power plants and it can monitor the units " operation and commit real - time performance analysis. all of the real - time data, historical data and statistical information are published on intranet thus the workers and managers can acquire the information about the performance of the units conveniently. this system becomes the scientific and powerful assistant for power plants managers and workers to economize on energy and improve the operation level and heat economy

    整個系統基於火電廠的intranet ，跟蹤機組的運行情況，對機組進行實時的性能分析，並將實時數據、歷史數據和統計信息在intranet上發布，以便運行人員和電廠管理人員能夠方便地了解機組的運行狀況，為火電廠節能降耗、提高運行水平和熱經濟性提供了科學有力的手段。
  20. The distribution of seepage field is one of the most important factors that affect the stability and deformation of slopes. and rainfalls, especially long - lasting and heavy rainstorms, induce landslides even more

    邊坡中的滲透水壓力和滲流場分佈是影響邊坡穩定和變形的重要因素之一，而降雨，特別是歷時長、強度大的暴雨更是導致邊坡失穩破壞的常遇誘導因素。
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