善意推定 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shànyìtuīdìng]
善意推定 英文
presumption of good faith
  • 善 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （善良; 慈善） good 2 （良好） satisfactory; good 3 （友好; 和好） kind ; friendly 4 （...
  • 意 : Ⅰ名詞1 （意思） meaning; idea 2 （心愿; 願望） wish; desire; intention 3 （人或事物流露的情態）su...
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 善意 : goodwillgood intentionssincerebona fidesgood faith
  • 推定 : calculation
  1. The important function and significance of the socialist rule of virtue consists in : ( 1 ) it is an important aspect of new mode of ruling country with both law and virtue as coadjutant means, reflecting that the party ' s general plan for administering the country has been improved ; ( 2 ) it will bring morality into play to adjust interest relationships, appease social mood, and stick up for social justice and stabilization ; ( 3 ) it will improve cadres " and crowd ' s political morality level, promote the development of socialist political civilization

    社會主義「德治」的重要作用和意義在於： 「德治」是「德法兼濟」新型治國模式的重要方面，反映了黨的治國方略的完善； 「德治」能夠發揮道德調節利益關系的重要功能，疏導社會情緒，維護社會公正與穩定； 「德治」能夠提高幹部和群眾的政治道德水平，推動社會主義政治文明的發展。
  2. Klingelnberg cyclo - palloid spiral bevel gear has construction cramped, excellent transmission quality, low noise and loaded vehavior, it ’ s the main form of gear drives in the bevel gear ’ s technology field. it ’ s cyclo - palloid system, two - part cutter head and high power gears ( hpg ), has certain technology particular than gleason spiral bevel gear. systemic analysing the manufacture principle and meshing principle of klingelnberg cyclo - palloid spiral bevel gear, for accomplishing design theory and analysis method, for enhancement manufacture precision and loaded behavior, for promotion and applied in engineering field, have important theory value and actuality meaning. main work of the paper is tooth form emulation and tooth contact analyse of klingelnberg cyclo - palloid spiral bevel gear

    克林貝格（ klingelnberg ）延伸外擺線齒錐齒輪結構緊湊、傳動性能優良、噪聲小、承載能力高，是錐齒輪技術發展的主要齒制，其連續切削法，雙層刀盤技術和硬齒面刮削法（ hpg ）相對于格利森制齒輪有一定的技術特點。系統的分析這種齒輪的加工原理和嚙合機理，對完善其設計理論和分析方法，提高加工精度和承載能力，在工程中推廣應用具有重要的理論價值和實際意義。
  3. The multiplex, steady, sustainable supply system of mineral resource should be built by improving investment circumstances to attract foreign capitals, exploring mineral resource to increase deposits, taking advantage of foreign mineral products, protecting and utilizing reasonably the mineral resource ; the mining environment should be improved and the ecological mine should be built by exploring new pattern, carrying clean production and so on. mining enterprises should prompt core competence by forming large mining groups, exploiting human resources, increasing economic benefit, optimizing the industry and product structure and so on. epilog : it summarizes this paper ' s basic view and points out the problems that we should continue to solve in the future

    樹立環境意識和生態意識，使人和自然協調發展；大力改善投資環境，吸引外部資金，探礦增儲，充分利用國外礦產資源，保護、節約、合理利用礦產資源，建立多元、穩定的礦產資源可持續供應體系；通過探索新機制，依靠科技進步，推行清潔生產等措施來改善礦山環境，建設生態礦山；礦山企業通過不斷創新，組建大型礦業集團，以人為本大力開發人力資源，經濟集約增長，優化產業結構和產品結構等措施，提升企業的核心競爭力，使經濟、社會和環境相互協調，實現礦山企業的持續、健康發展。
  4. As for acquiring customers, the game between bank and credit card customer is firstly analyzed, and on the base of the analysis, we can conclude that customers are to obey theirs credit under the rule that customers credit records are shared among the banks. therefore the bank can enlarge its customer group by granting credit to them and the relationship between banks and customers can be established. at the same time, the structure of personal credit evaluation is proposed, the fuss synthesize evaluation method is applied in the case

    在分析客戶關系管理的基本思路應用於信用卡的具體模式時，在獲取客戶關系方面，文章首先分析了信用卡客戶與銀行的信用博弈關系，提出了在銀行業內部徵信的前提下，銀行應對客戶建立善意推定，相信客戶的信用能力，廣泛授信，建立信用卡客戶關系；同時提出了在徵信前提下，銀行信用卡的個人信用評估指標體系以及信用程度的模糊綜合評判法，並進行了算例分析。
  5. Puts into the use along with the system and unceasingly consummates, will certainly to train the information to my armed force the supervisory work brings the enormous benefit, the promotion army whole training management and the regulation, increases the army battle efficiency, has the positive practical significance, with application value and promoted value

    隨著系統的投入使用和不斷完善，必將對我軍訓練信息的管理工作帶來極大的效益，促進部隊整體訓練的管理和調控，提高部隊戰鬥力，具有較強的現實意義和應用價值。該系統對軍隊信息化建設其它領域而言，也有一定的推廣價值。
  6. ( l ) it is very important for the state repair of diesel enging in our country ; ( 2 ) it will help with the more accurate decicision of repair cycle of the engine ; ( 3 ) it will improve the combustion state of the diesel enging and will keep the oil comsume at a lower level, at the same time, it lessens the dilute of the lubricanting oill in the engine. there are still some more research work to do, for it is just the begining. the mathematic model should be made and more accurate data rule should be established

    （ 1 ）為推行內燃機車狀態修做準備，這在跟蹤國際機車檢修先進技術上有著十分重要的意義； （ 2 ）為更合理制定內燃機車的檢修周期提供實驗分析方法和數據，試驗數據作為每臺柴油機的技術資料被存儲，藉助計算機軟體系統可以輔助制定機車的檢修計劃，使機車的檢修工作更科學合理； （ 3 ）提高機車質量，降低檢修費用； （ 4 ）改善柴油機燃燒狀態，降低燃耗，節約運營成本，同時，可以減少燃油滴漏，降低滑油消耗。
  7. In this thesis, after analyzing corporate capital, corporate capital system, the advantage and disadvantage of three kinds of corporate systems, the author used methods such as “ the law of barrel ”, “ cost - benefit ”, mathematics equation and so on with innovation to analyze three principles of corporate capital ( confirming, maintaining and unchanging ) and the applying effects of three corporate capital systems in different social environments. it is found that statutory capital system is favorable to increase the cost of setting up and running a company, to prevent some one with bad intention from corporate economical deception and upsetting the social economic order. but with the completion of the relevant social systems, the cost of corporate economical deception is increased ; the events of corporate economical deception and the destruction influence can be lowered down

    本文在分析公司資本、公司資本制度內涵及三種資本制度優缺點的前提下，創新地運用經濟學的「木桶原則」 、 「成本?效益」和數學方程式等方法，分析公司資本的確定、維持、不變三原則和三種資本制度對不同社會環境的適用效果后，認為法定資本制有利提高設立、運營公司的成本，阻止一部分惡意人員利用公司進行經濟詐欺，擾亂社會經濟秩序，但隨著相關社會制度體系的完善，相關制度體系提高了惡意人員利用公司經濟詐欺的成本，減少了經濟詐欺的行為與損害後果，這時，法定資本制度保持原有設立、運營公司的高門檻就顯得不合理，其阻礙社會資本進入公司發展的副作用就突出了;而折衷、授權資本制對公司設立、運營的成本依次降低，更有利於公司吸收社會資本發揮經濟推動作用。
  8. This essay begins from affirming taxation credit thesis, bringing up a proposal what taxation credit definition and classify are. it puts system economics principle to use, setting taxation credit of science. it announces taxation credit is a very important thing in formulating government revenue and expenditure and debasing trade expenses and reducing taxation shifting, therefor, it will have practical significance in research taxation credit to perfect taxation system and advance taxation be run according to law

    本文從稅收信用理論的界定入手，提出了稅收信用的定義和分類；運用制度經濟學原理，對稅收信用進行了科學的定位，揭示了稅收信用在規范政府收支、降低交易費用、減少稅收流失等方面的重要作用，以及研究稅收信用對于完善稅收制度、推進依法治稅的現實意義。
  9. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  10. 4. according to the property right - formalism and the obligation right - formalism about the property right ' s change of the real property, registration is the condition makes the property right ' s change effective. but according to the representative form, registration is the important condition that dose not make the property right ' s change effective but against the third party

    且在不動產登記簿上記載的有關不動產物權狀態，應推定為正確；即使存在權利瑕疵，但對于善意第三人而言，都應推定登記為正確，第三人基於登記記載而取得的不動產物權，受法律的保護，這就是權利正確性推定效力和善意保護效力。
  11. In recent years to establish and perfect our social security system more fastly has been a serious and difficult matter for our social economy. it is an important part of our socialist market economy system to establish and perfect our social security system. it can not only carry our economy system reform forward, but also establish our modern enterprise system and accelerate government ' s function. it is of momentus significance. the paper starts with analyzation current situation of our social security system and uses the successful experience of other countries for reference to probe into the thought and specific measures to perfect our social security system.

    社會保障制度是市場經濟體制的重要組成部分，建立適合本國國情的社會保障制度是世界各國實現社會經濟穩定和發展的重要戰略措施。加快建立和完善我國的社會保障制度體系是近年來我國社會經濟生活中的又一熱點、焦點和難點問題，它不僅對于推進經濟體制改革，建立現代企業制度和促進政府職能的轉變都有極其重要的意義。本文從分析我國現行社會保障制度的現狀入手，借鑒國外社會保障制度的成功經驗，探討了完善我國社會保障制度的思路和具體措施。
  12. The satisfying demand of customers " needs is responded through the aspects in quality, cost, delivery time limit etc. a prosperous development structure is formed. that is product with no adventure, development with no wasting, and production with no wasting. thus it is very helpful to improve management of enterprise activity and increase enterprise vigor, but the more important, consciousness of staff is basically altered to use effective way in enterprise, regard manpower as core, increase consciousness of the whole participation, construct a system to prevent disaster harmful trends and wasting from happening and facilitate the change of management conception at the same time

    本文介紹了建設集團在2000年度下半年導入tpm活動（全員參加的生產經營改善活動） ，確定了質量、設備、生產、技術、成本、安全等六個方面的推進方向，在銷售、開發、購買、製造各個環節進行了實施，整個改善活動實施中以組織為脈絡，以現場為背景，以人力為核心，以管理為手段，以產品為結果作為切入點，把開發、生產及銷售過程作為企業生產經營改善的突破口，從質量、成本、交貨期等方面及時響應客戶所需產品的滿意要求，使公司形成了市場需要風險為「零」的產品，開發浪費為「零」 ，生產浪費為「零」的格局。
  13. With the research on " sub - center concentration " area, the author tries to perfect the theory system of urban group, and then direct the ways to deal with some situation

    「亞中心極化」地區的研究旨在完善城鎮群體理論體系，推動規劃實踐開展，具有一定的理論與現實意義。
  14. A fter analyzing the present state of the ranks of teachers in yantai professional college and comparing it with the other nine professional technical colleges and institutes in shandong province, the writer thinks that all the higher professional colleges and institutes should, based on self training, introduce more teachers to improve the degree structure of teachers ; enhance the quality of " double masters " to improve the ability structure of teachers by employing both full - time and part - time hands ; and at the same time, the government should strengthen the propaganda for the importance of higher professional education, make qualifications for teachers of higher professional education and offer policy supports about the professional title, payment, etc. only in this way can we have " full - time and part - time teachers of noble ethic, new teaching idea, strong reforming consciousness, high teaching level and great practical ability ", can we really promote the construction of the ranks of teachers in higher prof essional colleges and institutes to make it possibly reach the construction level set by the education department of our country in 2005

    筆者通過對煙臺職業學院師資隊伍現狀的分析，結合與山東省其它9所職業技術學院的對比研究認為，各高等職業學院師資建設必須立足自主培養、加強引進以改善師資隊伍的學歷結構；專兼結合，提高「雙師」素質以改善教師隊伍能力結構；同時，國家應加強高等職業教育重要意義的輿論宣傳，制定高等職業教育教師資格標準，並提供職稱、待遇等方面必要的政策支持。只有這樣，才能建設一支「師德高尚、教育觀念新、改革意識強、具有較高教學水平和較強實踐能力的、專兼結合的教師隊伍」 ，才能切實推進高等職業院校的師資隊伍建設工作，使其有可能在2005年達到教育部規定的師資隊伍建設水平。
  15. Secondly, the principle of constructive causation is a value use for reference in affirming causation between insider ' s act and investor ' s damage, which means appropriate causation can be inferred from that investor has good intentions and deals with insider simultaneously in the opposite direction

    其次，在因果關系的認定上應當適用推定因果關系，即投資者只要能證明其為善意並同時為相反方向交易，法律便推定行為人的行為與投資者的損害事實之問有相當的因果關系，法律推定因果關系成立。
  16. Secondly, among the single mothers, those who have the experience of divorce tend to hold that their own efforts are not useful for the improvement of marriage relations, and to believe that if crises occur in their marriages, divorce is the inescapable fate and it is the spouses " behavior that leads to the failure of marriage. thirdly, those who have lost their husbands will more idealize their marriages, and blame much more of themselves when there are some crises in their marriages. fourthly, the factors such as personality, age, years of education, years of being single will influence the perception of the underlying causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction in marriage, and meanwhile the attribution in marriage is correlated with the swb ( subjective well - being ) and satisfaction of life

    根據調查的結果，我們發現： （ 1 ）單身母親生活負擔沉重、健康狀況不佳、心理壓力大、對生活質量評價低、主觀幸福感差，是弱勢群體中的弱者； （ 2 ）單身母親群體中，有過離異經歷的婦女更傾向于認為自身的努力無助於改善婚姻關系，如果婚姻出現危機，破裂將是難以避免的，並將失敗的責任更多地推卸給外部因素； （ 3 ）喪偶組婦女在分析婚姻成敗的原因時，表現出將婚姻生活理想化的傾向，並且在婚姻出現危機時，比其他婦女更傾向于將責任歸咎為自己，而產生更多的自責情緒； （ 4 ）性格特徵、年齡、受教育程度、單身時間的長短等因素都會影響個人對婚姻成敗原因的判斷，同時，對婚姻成敗的歸因與主觀幸福感、生活滿意度都有一定的相關。
  17. The conception for the institution of a civil liability system against the manipulation of the securities market is : acts of manipulating the securities market belongs in the category of infringement of rights ; the principle for the liability system is the presumption of fault ; the third party suffering losses as a result of the manipulation can raise claims of compensation ; the cause - effect relationship between manipulation of the market and losses are to be established through two links ; and there must be a reasonable method for calculating the compensation for losses

    摘要我國證券市場操縱行為民事責任制度建構設想是：市場操縱行為民事責任屬于侵權責任；其歸責原則是過錯責任原則，實行過錯推定；在人為操縱市場時，因買入或賣出該種有價證券而受損的善意第三人可提起賠償之訴；市場操縱與損害之間的因果關系是通過兩個關系鏈建立的；損失賠償額須有合理計算方法。
  18. Shifting the burden of proof of is the special provision and exception of the principle of burden of proof, during drafting " civil evidence code ", divergences about how to regulate the burden of proof appear, jurists have diffirent opinions on it, this paper set out from those divergences and disputes, discussing in detail with six sections : the disputes on the shifting the burden of proof, reasonable define the conception about shifting the burden of proof, the relation of shifting the burden of proof and deduction, shifting the burden of proof in present law and regulations, the function of shifting the burden of proof and the civil cases suitable for this regulation, legislative proposition. this artical elabrates the theoretical and realistic foundation of shifting the burden of proof. moreover, shifting the burden of proof is a phenomenon of proceeding and other regulations of solution to disputation, it is not confined to those laws and regulations of procedure, but also exist in substantial law

    舉證責任倒置是舉證責任分配規則中的特殊與例外，在民事證據法的草擬過程中對舉證責任倒置的存廢與否產生了分歧，法學界對此的觀點也呈現出百花齊放的態勢，本文從舉證責任倒置爭議與分歧的觀點出發，基於舉證責任倒置存在與否的爭議、舉證責任倒置概念的合理界定、舉證責任倒置與推定的關系、舉證責任倒置在我國現行法律中的體現、舉證責任倒置的功能及可適用民事案件的具體類型、舉證責任倒置立法完善的構想共六個部分具體闡述，從理論角度、司法實踐及立法構想三個不同的視角分析舉證責任倒置在我國的存在的理論意義、現實意義與立法前景，表明舉證責任倒置不僅在我國具有立法基礎而且有實踐環境，闡述舉證責任倒置雖然是出現于訴訟或是解決爭議的其他程序中的一個現象，但它又不局限於訴訟及其他解決爭議的程序規范，從現有的法律規范及法律實踐來看，舉證責任倒置與實體法是「同呼吸，共命運」的，用句老話說就是「皮之不存，毛將焉附? 」
  19. Secondly, the two systems of unauthorized agency should be developed simultaneously : as for the unauthorized agency in a narrow sense, the thesis proposes the concrete legislative suggestion on the essential elements of the subject, range of the object, means of ratification, limit of time, and effect of ratification, as well as the suggestion on the responsibility of the agent who does not have authority ; as for agency by estoppel, the thesis proposes some legislative suggestion on the constitutive requirements, the doctrine of presumptive wrongs of the principal ' s, and the third party ' s right of choice

    首先，在我國《民法典》的制訂中應充分認識代理和無權代理制度規范化，對我國社會主義法制經濟建設的重要意義，將代理和無權代理以專章專節加以規定。其次，分別完善無權代理的兩個制度。就狹義的無權代理而言，筆者對行使追認權的主體要件、客體范圍、追認方式、時間限制、追認效果以及狹義的無權代理人對相對人承擔責任的方式和內容等內容提出了立法建議；就表見代理而言，筆者對表見代理的構成要件、被代理人過錯推定製度和相對人選擇權制度等內容提出了立法建議。
  20. 3. the real property registration has the effects in the following : the reason effect of the property right ' s change, the effect of inferring the right correctly, the protecting effect out of goodwill and the effect of risk ' s alarming. under the system of taking the registration as effective, the property right ' s change which has occurred according to the legal action does n ' t occure without registration, the registration is an important condition makes the property right ' s change effective or tenable

    三，不動產登記具有以下效力：不動產物權變動的根據效力、權利正確性推定效力、善意保護效力及風險警示效力。在采登記生效主義制度下，依法律行為發生的不動產物權變動，非經登記不發生物權變動的效力，登記為物權變動的生效要件或成立要件。
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