外在成本 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wàizàichéngběn]
外在成本
英文
external cost-
Based on analyzing the relation between woman and history, this thesis focused on chinese contemporary female chronicle plays and discussed the change of female chronicle plays from 1980s to 1990s female chronicle plays, which used the means of absurdism, secularity and humanism, waken the patrilineal culture by emphasizing the power of female and debasing the male
摘要本文從分析女性寫作與歷史劇創作產生聯系的內外在原因入手，梳理了新時期以來女性歷史劇從感應時代需求，力圖構建宏大敘事的審美風格轉換成為90年代顛覆權威敘述、建構女性視角下的歷史言說的沿革變化。In influencing the inside factors of peasant household ' s decision, have householder ' s schooling, population, workforce ' s quantity and land area, householder ' s schooling and land area exert a great influence on peasant household ' s decision ; the external factors of influencing peasant household ' s decision have natural environment conditions, agrotechnical to popularize cost and benefit, policy, market, community and neighbourhood relation, popularize service system
在影響農戶決策的內部因素中，有戶主文化程度、人口和勞動力數量及土地面積，戶主文化程度和土地面積對農戶決策的影響較大；影響農戶決策的外部因素有自然環境條件、農技推廣成本與效益、政策、市場、社區及鄰里關系、推廣服務體系。The thesis mainly study the technology of atm lan in - country and overseas, and with the key of qos. with the anatomist object of lan emulation and ip over atm, fouse on expatiate strategy which discussed from three aspect : emulation bridge in lan emulation, the setting of priority in ip over atm, the currency control of flux. at last, this paper set out the ascendant capability of the new strategy with the tool of probability and randomization
本文主要在分析國內外在atm局域網技方面的最新研究成果的基礎上，以服務質量（ qos ）為主線，以atm模擬局域網技術和ipoveratm技術為剖析對象，系統地闡述了在模擬網橋、優先級設置、通用流量控制方面的改進策略並使用概率和隨機過程工具初步展示了新策略優越的性能。The tra notes our " expectation that the future of taiwan will be determined by peaceful means. " the depth and firmness of our resolve on this point was demonstrated in march 1996 when president clinton ordered two u. s. carrier battle groups to the waters near taiwan
最常見的難題是在履行合約時經常且無理的更換訂單。當外商營建公司不願承擔在原來同意的價款以內大幅增加的成本時，保證金便被沒收，合約也被取消。He did not fail to observe the curious equipages, - carriages and palanquins, barrows supplied with sails, and litters made of bamboo ; nor the women, - whom he thought not especially handsome, - who took little steps with their little feet, whereon they wore canvas shoes, straw sandals, and clogs of worked wood, and who displayed tight - looking eyes, flat chests, teeth fashionably blackened, and gowns crossed with silken scarfs, tied in an enormous knot behind, - an ornament which the modern parisian ladies seem to have borrowed from the dames of japan
此外在各式各樣的車輛行列里可以看見轎子馬匹馱夫篷車漆花的古轎雙人軟轎和竹子編成的床。還可以看到一些日本婦女來來往往，她們的腳不大，邁步很小，她們的腳上有的穿著布鞋，有的穿著草拖鞋或是特製的木屐。她們的樣子並不漂亮，一個個用頭巾吊起眼角，胸部緊束著壓得象一塊平板，牙按照時興的樣式染成黑色，但是她們穿著民族服裝「和服」 ，樣子倒很別致。The article depending on the investigation and research of jin xin chemical industry group and the analysis of the group " s external and internal environment, concludes the group " s strengths and weaknesses, defines the opportunities and threats or constraints that exits in the external environment, and on these grounds bring upped that the company ' s development target, established the group " s general strategy, according to the national chemistry industry " tenth five year period " the programming of " entering some industries and exiting from the other, doing something and not doing the other ", make sured the " chemical combination and the chemical engineering coexistence, and gradually push forward the related diversification, and build the type chemical combination conglomerate the group " of strategy direction, defines " to accelerate the internal industrial structure adjust and optimizing the product construction " which is the importance of the strategy, and established " the low cost target be in the leading and concentrate the strategy ", and formulate the group " s framework of total development strategy
文章在調查研究金信化工有限公司基本情況，分析外部環境和內部條件的基礎上，總結了金信的優勢與劣勢，剖析了企業面臨的機遇和挑戰，並據此提出了公司的發展目標，制定了企業整體發展戰略，按照國家化學工業「十五」規劃中確定的「有所為有所不為」 、 「有進有退」的原則，確定了「化肥化工並舉，逐步推進相關多元化，打造綜合型化肥聯合企業集團」的戰略方向，明確了「加快內部產業結構調整和產品結構優化」的戰略重點，制定了「低成本領先的目標集中戰略」 ，形成了金信公司的整體發展戰略框架。文章理論與實際相結合，把戰略管理理論應用於企業戰略研究實踐，對金信公司的產品結構調整、技術改造、內部改革、企業管理和未來的長期穩定發展具有一定的指導意義。This text firstly wields theories and ploys as strategical administration matrix, balance - point of profit and loss, five competitory models and burgeoning strategical administr ation, which is to make a comparatively embedded analysis on broadband inside - and - out side condition including technical level, consumer characters, competitive status and mark eting status, etc, to bring forward available correspondence hypothesis of consumere and to put forward two ways - out for small - and - medium sized providers by swot matrix and big strategy matrix. one is gradualism retreat tactic. considering the particularity of broadband network industry, this text gives the design of gradualism retreat pattern. the other is incorporate strategy of scale domino and much more effective negotiationchip. especially, this text puts emphasis on discussion of incorporate implement methods, proposing to adopt the way of demanding contrast prise - fixing and output pluralism of products so as to induce the consumers to cut down marketing breeding periodicity, use crm to establish core competity for small - and - medium sized providers and simultaneously lay a foundation of next commingle dealing in this field
本文運用戰略管理理論中戰略管理模型、價值鏈、盈虧平衡點、五種競爭力模型、新興產業戰略管理、市場營銷學等思想理論和方法，對寬帶網產業內外環境（包括技術、競爭狀況、市場狀況等）進行詳細分析，總結了中小型寬帶網運營商在市場營銷、資源配置、經營成本、產品結構、政策管制等幾個方面的優劣勢，並析出其中的關鍵因素，運用大戰略矩陣、 swot分析矩陣，提出中小型寬帶網運營商一進一退兩種截然不同的發展戰略，即「漸進式退出」策略和「一體化」策略。Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。Along with the a enhancing proportion of hydroelectricity in the whole electricity system in our country, the increase of the single unit capacity, the faults ratio of the large - scale hydropower units is more and more important to the whole system safe operation, if we do n ' t manage it well, it will cause the collapse of the whole system and bring a great loss of country ' s economy, hi addition, accompany with " to dispart plant and grid, connect to the grid according to the price " put into practice, how to control the production cost of the power plant has to be put into consideration
隨著我國水電在系統中所佔比重的增加及單機容量的增大，大型水電站和機組的故障率對系統的安全運行也越來越重要，如果處理不好，甚至會引起整個系統的崩潰，給國家帶來巨大的損失。另外，隨著我國「廠網分開，競價上網」的逐步實施，如何控制發電廠的生產成本，也將提上各個電廠的議事日程。Secondly, the paper brings out problems which are need to be solved as emphases by analyzing objectively the plant ' s cost control actuality, the existing problems and its reasons. the analysis indicates that because of high dependence on planned economy, exterior factors seriously restricting the reasonable price of fuel, the electrovalence being made by exterior, the deficiency of its interior mechanism and the big random of cost control, the enthusiasm that the plant manages and controls cost independently is badly hurt. thirdly, aiming at these leading problems, applying the present cost control theory and the main cost control methods of electricity enterprises both home and abroad, the paper designs and evaluates its cost control project at these aspects of productive technology, management, logistic control, financial management and the manpower cost, and lodges corresponding cost control project of every tache
論文首先對當今國內外成本控制理論研究現狀和應用現狀進行了分析，包括成本性態分析、成本控制內容分析及成本控製程序與方法的分析，為論文研究打好了理論基礎；其次客觀全面地分析了永昌電廠成本控制的現狀和存在問題及其產生原因，其中包括計劃經濟色彩濃厚、外部因素嚴重製約燃料成本的合理配比、電價確定權在外，它嚴重挫傷企業成本管理與控制的自主積極性，也包括企業內部機制不全、成本控制的隨意性大等問題，這為本論文提出了需要重點解決的問題；然後針對永昌電廠在成本控制方面存在的主要問題，應用當今國內外成本控制的主要理論和發電企業成本控制主要方法，從生產技術、生產管理、物流控制、資金管理及人工成本等方面對永昌電廠成本控制方案進行了相對全面的設計和評價，提出相關環節的成本控制方案。In this article, considering the character of the one - dimensioned continuum and the cross - section, the varied quotiety of the strain can be presented as the mode function to identify the damage. and inversion of the elastic wave is presented to detect the injures when the area is the variable of the inversion, for the pip usually buried under the earth or enwrapped into the protection make the detection difficulty by the mode of vibrancy. the influence of the area must be considered if the exactness is the pre - requisition
在論文中，考慮到壓力管道的一維性質，提出用應變模態改變變化率的方法對一維的結構進行損傷識別；同時考慮到在實際的工程和現場測試中，壓力管道大多深埋在地下或者有外在的保護膜，不宜進行模態的檢測，所以也考慮利用彈性波的方法對壓力管道的性質參數和截面性質進行反演識別，從而得到我們感興趣的東西，達到損傷識別；一般，在利用彈性波反射方法進行損傷檢測中，不考慮截面效應對彈性波的衰減影響，這就對損傷檢測造成一定的影響，本文考慮截面效應的影響，通過實驗來確定截面效應系數。This is a concise discussion of the potential costs and benefits of constructing a new, much less circuitous road to link nepal and india ; the paper uses rough estimates of unit costs for building roads and tunnels and for operating highway vehicles ; there is a summary of financial, social, and political issues, plus some discussion concerning political issues
這篇文章簡要討論建造一條較少彎路的公路以連接尼泊爾和印度，此工程的潛在成本和效益；文章利用粗略的單位成本估計建造公路和隧道，以及汽車使用公路營運成本；還有財務，社會和政治議題的簡介，此外有一些關于政治議題的討論。The aim of chinese legality improvement and supervision enhancement is to heighten the illegal private cost, narrow the gap between the private cost and social cost, that is to force the lawbreakers to bear the damages brought by the illegal behaviors and reduce the social net lose. there are two kinds of punishment on the illegal behaviors in chinese security market, the punishment by the sec and the punishment according to law
我國證券市場完善法制建設，加大監管力度的目的就是要通過處罰機制提高違法私人成本，將證券違法的外部成本內在化，縮小違法私人成本與社會成本之間的差距，即將由證券違法行為帶來的損失盡量由違法者個人承擔，減小社會的凈損失。Income capitalization and the cost approach are applied to appraising the economical value of agricultural land that is the productive value. the external adjustment is introduced when applying the cost approach, so the price we get is close to its market price
農用地經濟價格即生產力價格，文章中應用收益還原法和成本逼近法進行了農用地經濟價格的評估，在成本逼近法評估農用地經濟價格時，引入外部修正使「積算價格」更接近農用地市場價格。In addition to working with its customers to establish effective and customized programmes, urban group offers the advantages of economies of scale in costs and services to its customers
除了為客戶建立最有效率的管理計劃外，富城更在成本控制和服務質素方面，為客戶提供最具成本效益的服務。As an import & export enterprise of manufacturing, we have more advantage of producing cost and price
作為生產型的外貿企業，我們在成本上更具優勢，價格上更具競爭力。18even where america and china do compete, as in electronics, the high import content of china ' s exports blunts the impact of exchange - rate movements on export prices, because a rise in the yuan reduces input costs
即使是在像電子業這樣中美之間存在競爭的產業上，因為人民幣升值會減少在中國出口產品中佔大比重的外購成本，所以這就削弱了升值對出口價格的影響。As a social fundamental service system, highway industry ' s external social and economic benefits are much greater than its economic benefits in transportation department. that is, only assessing highway its own profit earning capacity is incomplete
本文首先將高速公路的社會經濟效益主要分為直接投入效益、誘導效益、產出效益及高速公路運輸的外部成本與社會成本四個方面，分別在第2 、 3 、 4 、 5加以具體分析。Finally, these departments ca n ' t establish the information system and logistic system which can quick respond to the customers relate to cost. quality deliverable our country economy system is changing, it is changing from socialism planning economy to market economy. it is very important for us to research the supply chain management, we can learn from the foreign country " s enterprise practice. our goal of use of scm is controlling inventory, improving supply quality and strengthening the competitive capability
我國航空企業特別是材料采購在傳統計劃體制與運作模式下，多數是自成一個封閉系統，不重視對供應鏈的管理；製造商、供應商和經銷商缺乏長期合作的戰略夥伴關系，相互之間缺乏以信任和共同獲利為基礎的價值鏈，沒有形成滿足顧客在成本、質量、交貨時間等方面的要求而反映敏捷的物流和信息流。我國正在由計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉變，研究國外近來發展迅速的供應鏈管理理論與方法並應用於gj航空公司的實際，對控制庫存、提高服務水平、增強市場競爭能力，有重要的現實意義。Abstract : the natarity and sociality of the losses of water and soil were discussed from ecosystem - economics, and the machanism of its dynamic in nature and society was analysed, and some concluions were put forward in the article that rules of hydroogical cycle in esosystem should be abided by and some study on the losses of water and soil should be strengthened, and some problem in its sociality, the externalized cost and externalized benefit should be disolved by turning it into the inner of the environmental and economics under the measure of the official, laws, education and economics
文摘:從生態經濟學角度闡述了水土流失具有自然性，社會性雙重屬性，剖析了水土流失的自然推動力機制和社會性動力機制，提出在治理水土流失的問題上應注意在自然性方面遵循水循環的一些生態運動規律，加強對水土流失規律等科學方面的研究，在社會性方面為克服或本外攤、收益外泄帶來的問題可採取適當的行政、法律、教育和經濟措施使外攤成本、外泄收益內在化分享友人