實用經濟準則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shíyòngjīngjìzhǔnzé]
實用經濟準則 英文
pragmatic economic criteria
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 準 : Ⅰ名詞1 （標準） standard; guideline; criterion; norm 2 （目標） aim; target Ⅱ動詞1 （依據; 依照）...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  • 準則 : norm; standard; criterion; rule; formula; square
  1. Based on the conclusions of the domestic and foreign researches on the utilization of land resources, this dissertation carries out the research on the sustainable utilization of land resources of liaocheng. in the research, the author selects 30 factors as the evaluated elements from the five norms of productivity, stability, protection, economic force and social acceptability to set up the evaluation system, evaluates the comprehensive level of the sustainable utilization of land resources of liaocheng in the time - and - place - based way from the multi - angles of single standard, and diagnoses the obstructions quantitatively by introducing the two definitions of “ the deviation degree from the standard ” and “ obstruction degree ”, then puts forward the concrete measures for the main obstruction factors in order to provide the scientific basis for the management and quantitative evaluation on the sustainable utilization of land resources of liaocheng

    本論文在借鑒國內外關于土地資源利用研究取得經驗的基礎上，對聊城市土地資源可持續利用進行針對性的實踐研究，從生產力準則層、穩定性準則層、保護性準則層、經濟活力準則層、社會可接受性準則層五個方面，選取30個因素作為參評因子，建立評價指標體系;運用單指標多角度和基於時點兩種評價方法進行綜合測算，評判出聊城市土地資源可持續利用綜合水平;引進「指標偏離度」 、 「障礙度」概念進行定量障礙診斷，並針對主要障礙因素提出可持續利用具體對策，為聊城市土地資源可持續利用和管理提供定量評價的科學依據。
  2. The author argues that the principle for umt equipment shall be " safe, reliable, punctual, economic and utility "

    「安全、可靠、準時、經濟、實用」可作為城市軌道交通技術裝備的原則。
  3. With this aim, this paper has made a comprehensive study on the problem of the land requisition in our country. armed with such renowned theories as the theory of property right application, land rent, public choice etc., the study has rendered a potent analysis of the problems involved in the current land requisition policy and their reasons. then, based on china ’ s realities, it advances its own proposal to renovate the current policy from various aspects including the nature and limitation, the procedure and the standard of compensations of the land requisition, that is, by means of a combination of enumeration and generalization, decide on a strict definition of public interests ; improve the procedure of the requisition of land under the principle of openness, justice and high efficiency ; set up the compensation standard with the market price as the baton while versified by other supplementary ways ; most importantly, clarify the property right of land

    本文通過對土地徵用問題進行系統、深入的調查研究，針對當前我國土地徵用制度存在的主要缺陷和弊端，應用產權理論、地租理論、公共選擇理論、新制度經濟學中的路徑依賴理論以及其它相關理論分析土地徵用存在的問題及其原因，並結合國內外的先進經驗，立足本國實際，從征地性質與范圍的界定、征地程序的完善，以及征地補償標準的確定，提出了完善土地徵用制度的政策建議:採取列舉式和概括式相結合的方式，嚴格的界定「公共利益」范圍;樹立正當的程序觀念，按照公正、公開與效率的原則，完善征地程序;建立以市場價格為主的土地徵用補償標準，建立多樣化的征地補償方式等來解決我國征地中存在的問題，但最根本的是明晰土地產權從而進一步完善我國土地徵用制度。
  4. Muc is furtherly defined as intergenerational opportunity cost under sustainability context and the concept of relative value is built up to analyze its dynamic character. in the neoclassic growrh with the invariable substitution of resource for capital, the formulation of this relative value is deduced. for mpc, hotelling model is used to illuminate the relation between the change of mpc and the impossibilities of sustainable use of energy resources ; for mec, an optimal growth model with exhaustible energy resources and environment pollution is employed to calculate the optimal environment

    在可持續發展的條件下，將能源資源的邊際使用者成本進一步定義為代際機會成本，並建立相對價值的概念用於分析代際機會成本的動態變化，基於一個資本與資源存在確定替代關系的新古典經濟體系推導這種相對價值的表達式;在傳統的霍特林準則的基礎上，分析了邊際生產成本變化對資源可持續利用的影響;運用一個帶有資源與環境約束的最優增長模型，推導了邊際環境成本內部化的最優環境稅，並分析了這種稅收政策在實踐中的應用。
  5. So the contradiction of the supply and demand of the agricultural fund is prominent. chinese rural credit communes have become semi - stated financial organization after they deviated from their collaborative principles under the control of government. they cannot fulfill the financial demand of farmers with their poor management and low efficiency although farmers have thirsty will to cooperate with each other in financial aspect

    我國農村經濟的特點和農業、農戶弱勢產業、弱勢群體的地位，使農戶難以獲得商業貸款，加之農村正規金融供給的嚴重短缺，農戶資金供求矛盾非常突出，農戶有進行資金互助合作的願望，但中國農村信用社出於服從國家政治的需要，在國家幾十年的控制下已背離合作制的原則，成為準國家性質的金融機構，農信社徒有合作制之名，而無合作制之實，農信社經營虧損，效率低下，難以滿足農戶的金融需求。
  6. Via entering into agreement, the three parties " personal interests will all close to social mterest. thus forms the best state of pareto. the responsibility rule of law economics further states that if the unauthorized disposer gets the right through legal compensation instead of market business. he or she can use resource more efficient and cost less, the key point of system design does n ' t rest with forbidding unauthorized disposition but ascertaining unauthorized disposer ' s compensation standard. the general conclusion of economic analysis method is that the other party of business is aware of or should be aware of the one he deals with is unauthorized, then the contract is invalid. otherwise the contract should be valid

    法律經濟學中的責任規則更進一步表明所有權的相對人（無權處分人）不通過市場交易而是以法定賠償取得權利，能避免過高交易成本的發生並實現效用更高的資源配置。制度設計的關鍵不在於禁止無權處分行為，而在於確定無權處分人的賠償標準。經濟分析方法的總體結論是，交易相對人明知或能以較小成本知悉處分人無權處分（如交易標的物為不動產）時，合同無效，除此之外，合同應為有效。
  7. The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable

    本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。
  8. By setting out from the relations between accounting standards and business environment and absorbing the prevailing international comments on business combination, put forward several proposals for the draft of business combination standards. there are : distinguish methods under common control ; select purchase or pooling of interests ; determine the validity date ; recognize the purchase cost and relevant fees ; determine the discernable assets and liabilities and their fair value ; determine the value of minorities ; recognize the goodwill, information disclosure. wish the endeavors can help push forward the development of the theory and practice of our accounting on business combination

    以會計準則與企業環境的相互關系為出發點，介紹企業合併準則的國際發展動態，針對我國的現實經濟環境和會計環境，對我國企業合併會計準則的制訂從以下幾個方面提出建議：明確共同控制下的企業合併會計處理方法；購買法和權益集合法的選擇；收購生效日的確定；購買成本和相關費用的確認和計量；如何確定購入的可辨認資產和負債及其公允價值；少數股權的價值確定；商譽的處理，建議區分商譽和無形資產；信息披露的要求。
  9. This thesis takes the resettlement action of zhuzhou hydropower junction as a project, and makes the use of the project management theory, the fundamental principal of project post - assessment and the sustainable development theory, and builds up the principals and standards of the resettlement, and analyzes the concrete content of post - assessing the resettlement project, and designs the sustainable post - assessment index body, and lists the computer formula of the quantitative index, and makes the use of ahp and lfa to post - assess the resettlement project. we obtain the conclusion that the sustainability of resettlement project is not in good state. in order to improve it, this thesis digs the passive elements, and supplies some suggestions to sustain the sustainable development of the resettlement project, such as increasing investment, carrying out the agriculture economy industry of resettlement district

    本文將株洲航電樞紐工程移民工作看作成一個項目，運用項目管理和項目后評價的基本原理，結合可持續發展理論，建立了移民項目可持續后評價的原則和標準，分析了移民項目后評價的具體內容，設計了移民項目可持續后評價的指標體系，列出了定量化指標的計算公式，並探討用層次分析法和邏輯框架法對移民項目的可持續進行后評價，后評價得出的結果表明株洲航電樞紐工程移民項目的可持續性處于次強狀態，為增強該項目的可持續性，本文通過研究挖掘出影響該項目可持續性的負面因素，提出了一些保持移民項目可持續發展的對策和建議，例如增加移民安置的投入、實行移民安置區的農業經濟產業化等等。
  10. How can a private enterprise become vivid in the sustainable development. on one hand, in accordance with the principle of " openness. equity. honesty ", government authorities should adjust the goals of policies and systems. convert their functions. weaken the administrative interference and start an impartial taxation system, financial system and financial market permission system so as to maintain the role of private enterprises in china ' s economy, while on the other hand, as an economic existence, the private - owned enterprise should pay attention to adjusting industrial structures, clarify its industrial orientation, focus on the main industry, carry on a business strategy centered on specialization, carry out industrialized production standards. quicken the pace in hi - tech industrialization. break through the difference between the operation right and property right, adjust structures of human resources and establish a scientific business manage

    怎樣刁』能使私營企業擁有持續發展的生命力呢?對于政府部門而言，要維護私營企業在中國經濟中的作用與地位，必須按照「公平、公正、公開」的原則來調整政策和制度的取向，盡快轉換政府職能以弱化行政二}一預，實行公平的稅賦制度、財會制度和金融市場準入制度，為私營經濟的發展營造一個良好、寬松的體制環境。而私營企業作為一個經濟實體，則應注意調整企業的產業結構，明確產業定位，突出主業，實行以專業化為主的經營發展戰略，切實落實工業化生產標準，加快高新技術產業化的步伐;同時要敢於打破產權界
  11. In a generalized approach for allocating network resources, a sealed auction model is proposed to make trade - off between economic efficiency and engineering efficiency. optimal auction mechanism is derived and applied to the fair share criterion of abr traffic of atm given the users and the network manger are all risk neutral

    在廣義的網路資源分配方面，提出了基於密封式拍賣達成經濟效率與資源分配效率折衷的思想，討論了一種使用戶盡可能聲明真實業務參數的計費策略，給出在用戶和網路管理者均為風險中性假設下的最優拍賣策略，並將其應用於atm的abr業務的公平共享準則。
  12. It means the combination of our socialistic market economic and the world economical system :, because the progress of our economic in great extents depends on the world economic, we must have the same accounting language and accounting grammar, which can be the common commercial language. in order to eliminate the difference of the accounting language and provide the convenience of the international trade, i focuse the importance on the international cooperation of the accounting standards

    國際貿易的發展，使我國經濟與世界各國經濟在很大程度上相互依賴、相互促進；經濟活動超越國界，必然要求作為通用商業語言的會計有統一的文字和語法規則，以消除語言障礙，為國際經濟交流和國際貿易發展提供便利，這就對會計準則國際協調提出了現實的要求。
  13. Along with the development of the information industry and economic globalization, the quality rises to the new concept of the management quantity, excellent performance mode, building up on the foundation of the totle quality managing, has become a new state of the international quality management. the chinese business enterprise faces the opportunity and challenges that wto bring, needing fetch in the quality management mode urgently to raising the international competition ability. so our country promulgated the gb / t 19580 - 2004 < excellent performance assessment principle >, gb / z 19579 - 2004 < excellent performance assessment principle practice guide > on sep. 2004, according to malcolm baldrige national quality award ( mbnqa ) of american and combining the actual circumstance of the native quality management, used for the quality prize judge and organize self - assessment. it symbolize the quality management of our country come into a new stage

    隨著信息產業和經濟全球化的發展，質量上升到經營質量的新概念，建立在全面質量管理基礎上卓越績效模式成為國際質量管理的新境界。中國企業面臨wto帶來的機遇和挑戰，急需引進先進的質量管理模式，提高國際競爭力。由此，我國參照美國波多里奇獎的評價模式，結合國內質量管理的實際情況，於2004年9月頒布了gb / t19580 - 2004 《卓越績效評價準則》 、 gb / z19579 - 2004 《卓越績效評價準則實施指南》 ，用於質量獎評審和組織自我評價。
  14. This program is to enable students to know internal and external accounting legislations and accounting principles, grasp modern accounting managerial methods and undertake practical career with responsibility and creativity by wide range of major knowledge and integrated qualities

    本專業培養與我國社會主義市場經濟要求相適應，熟悉中外會計法規和會計準則，掌握現代會計管理方法，基礎扎實，專業面寬、綜合素質強，具有較強實際操作技能的富有責任心和創新精神的應用型會計管理人才。
  15. In these 7 years, the company operates based on human oriented, top science and technology, serving customers and return society. our aim is to establish up - to - date management system, develop environment protection hi - tech and products and contribute to human environment protection. we always insist on jingming core value - love and responsibility, love hometown and love the earth, be responsible to environment protection, be responsible to society and the future

    七年以來，公司遵循「向環保負責向社會負責向未來負責」的原則進行項目的開發和建設利用工業垃圾工業廢水生活垃圾農業廢棄物，通過我們的特殊技術和設備進行治理，分解和燃燒，向園區內的企業和居民提供全方位的能源供給，可以實現供電供汽供水污水處理和標準化廠房五項功能為一體，達到「循環經濟節約能源以廢治廢變廢為寶」的最終目的。
  16. This paper based on the goal of establish properly water saving model, taking economic benefits, environmental benefits and technical feasibility indexes as norm, using analytic hierarchy process to compare the canal seepage control, water conveyance pipe, sprinkler irrigation and microspray irrigation the 4 project technologies of water saving, in order to choose the suitable water saving model

    以建立適宜節水灌溉工程體系為目標，以經濟效益、環境效益、技術可行性3項指標為準則，採用層次分析法對渠道防滲、管道輸水、噴灌、微灌4項工程節水技術進行比選，最後選出適合河北省實際情況的節水灌溉技術。
  17. Then, based on the summarization and evaluation of the fruits and shortage other scholars made, this paper brings forward the research hypotheses. on the base of fully understanding of various research models of value relevance, this paper chooses the feltham - ohlson model and the balance sheet model as the basic mod els and adjusts the two models to test the value relevance of accounting data of listed a share corporations in china. the research result shows : ( 1 ) in the period from 1996 to 2001 the value relevance of accounting information in china is falling with the implementation and changing of every financial accounting standard ; ( 2 ) when testing listed corporations suffering loss the feltham - ohlson model is invalid ; ( 3 ) compared with 2000, the accounting data of 2001 is n ' t more conservative but more aggressive ; and ( 4 ) this paper ca n ' t judge whether the book value of corporation assets after computing the asset reduction required by " accounting regulation of corporations " is closer to that before computing, and it needs further researching

    在對各種價值相關研究模型充分理解的基礎上，本文有針對性地選擇feltham - ohlson模型和資產負債表模型作為研究的基本模型，並根據所研究的具體問題對模型進行了修正，用以檢驗我國a股上市公司會計數據的價值相關性，研究結論如下： 1 、 1996 2001年我國會計信息的價值相關性沒有隨各項具體會計準則的頒布和變更逐年提高，反而逐年降低； 2 、 feltham - ohlson模型在檢驗虧損上市公司時失效，這可能是我國資本市場中特有因素造成的； 3 、與2000年相比， 2001年會計數據不但沒有更謹慎，反而更「激進」 ； 4 、本文檢驗結果無法判斷計提《企業會計制度》新要求的四項資產減值準備后計算出的企業資產帳面價值是否比未計提資產減值準備計算出的資產帳面價值更接近企業真實的經濟價值，有待今後做進一步的研究。
  18. Institutional economics is its basic theoretical clue. the institutional approach includes : transaction cost is a basic view for housing finance institutions and a certain institution follows the principle of minimum transaction cost ; financial deepenness and financial function theories are important ways to understand housing finance institution ; a systematic institutional structure of housing finance comes from the interaction of social economy, culture and politics, and institutional bundling and embeddedness are common forms ; financial structure theory is a forceful quantitative way to analyses housing finance institutions ; minimization of transaction cost is the basic motivation for institutional transformation, and the basic ways are forced transformation and induced transformation ; equity and efficiency are basic criteria for evaluating housing finance institutions, which may implement through certain institutions while government acts as leverage between equity and efficiency. ( 2 ) multiformality and transformation of housing finance

    制度經濟學是基本的理論線索，制度分析範式包括如下方面：交易成本是考察住房金融制度的基本視角，特定的住房制度安排遵循約束條件交易成本最小化原則；金融深化和金融功能理論是理解特定住房金融制度安排的重要輔助方法；整體性住房金融制度結構的形成是包括社會經濟、文化、政治等各類制度在內互相影響、平衡的產物，制度捆綁和制度嵌入是常見的形式；金融結構方法是用制度分析方法解釋住房金融制度的有力的定量分析工具；住房金融制度變遷的基本動因是交易成本最小化（外部收益內部化） ，變遷的基本方式是強制性變遷和誘致性變遷；公平和效率是住房金融制度評價的基本標準，公平和效率通過一定的制度安排可以同時實現，政府在住房金融制度中起著平衡公平和效率的杠桿作用。
  19. However domestic unmature security marbet restrict amc ' s free shares transfer. my opinion is to improve and regulate by law in the course of d - to e. firstly, it is necessary to grasp d to e principle accuratly and construct strict qualification system, secondly, it is important to guarantee amc to enterprise system can keep amc ' s as shareholder control of d to e enterprise, and improve continuously amc ' s management level and efficiency. it is necessary to make special regulation about the duration periods and vavle of amc ' s egutity in legislation to sustain amc benefit, moreover, 13 to e also coordinate with state - owned ' s out - strategy and adjust ownership through social and. private cash input, these also help solve the problem of uvclear state - owned ownership entity ; at the same time, it is necessary to improve security market to widen the ways of share transfer, to be outward transfer as main transfer way, to cultivate institutional investor and reform equity system ; at last it is important to difine correctly bovernment ' s role and play its role. government should be in the nationwide view to organize, coordinate balance support regulate to guarantee d to e ' s performance

    筆者認為，債轉股實施過程中，應依照法律規范予以完善和制約，首先應準確把握其操作原則，特別注意嚴格把好債轉股的準入關;其次，切實發揮金融資產管理公司的職能作用，促使企業轉換經營機制建立現代企業制度，要確保金融資產管理公司作為股東對債轉股企業的最終控制權，不斷提高金融資產管理公司的運作水平和效率，並且在立法上對債轉股中的股權的存續和價值的保護進行特別規定，以維護金融資產管理公司的合法權益;再者，債轉股還要與國有經濟的戰略性退出相結合，進行必要的產權結構調整，通過引入社會資金、民營資本等其他成分徹底解決國企產權主體虛位和產權不明晰的現象;同時，要完善資本市場，積極拓寬股權的退出通道，把對外轉讓作為股權的主要退士方式，培育機構投資者，改革股權制度;最
  20. In order to service for the economy - structure modulating and the economy ' s continuous healthy developing, in this paper, a senior systemic investigation was proposed on the role of stockjobber for china stock market realizing its resources allocation function with the guide of information economics and market efficiency theory, combining with the writer ' s investment - bank practices and facts of china stock market first, guiding with theories as resources rarity, reasonable allocation and optimal utilization, and efficient - market theory, after analyzing the mechanism and model of resources allocation function of stock market, some necessary conditions were concluded for effective resources allocation function of stock market, such as : the precondition is that enterprises compete to win financing according to market admittance regulations ; necessary condition is enterprise ' s property right to be clear, independent and decentralized ; investors should have got necessary finance knowledge and should invest rationally ; financing company should be high effective ; market system should be perfect and distribute in reason with plenty finance products

    筆者結合自己所在企業從事的投資銀行業務案例，聯系我國證券市場的實際狀況，以信息經濟學理論和市場效率理論為指導，對券商在我國證券市場實現其資源配置功能中的作用做了較為系統的初步探討與分析，以服務於我國經濟結構調整，實現經濟的持續健康發展。本文首先在資源稀缺及合理配置與充分利用原則指導下，運用市場效率理論，分析了證券市場資源配置功能的作用機制和過程，總結了證券市場發揮資源配置功能應具備的一些條件：前提條件是企業按市場準入準則競爭進入市場融資；必備條件是企業產權的獨立、明晰和分散化；投資者應具備必要的金融知識和理性投資；籌資者須具備較高的效率；市場體系應提供豐富的金融品種、結構完善並分佈合理。
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