求償主義 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [qiúchángzhǔyì]
求償主義
英文
give and take system-
In the leading case of hochster v. de la tour, british court created the rule of repudiation in 1853, which allowed the victim to cancel contract and claim damages when the other party breached contract expressly. again in 1894 ' s mrs. single v. mr. single, british court established diminished expectation, allowing the victim to suspend his performance and to demand adequate assurance of the other party ' s performance if the other party breached main contract obligations, or to cancel contract and to claim damages when the other party failed to provide assurance of his performance
本章第二節對明示預期違約進行了分析，從以下三方面展開：一、明示預期違約規則的確立與發展英美法最早於1853年英國法院在審理霍切斯特訴戴?納?陶爾案中確立了明示預期違約規則，允許預期違約的受害方當事人在對方違反合同主要義務時解除合同，並向違約方請求損害賠償。In our future real right law, there should be some limitations to the open objects, hut nor the open contents in the property register of immovables ; lawsuit time limit should not he applied to return protoplast right of applicant ; we had better constitute positive prescription system ; powerless punish should not affect the force of contracts when the endorser has no right, but the transferee is well - meaning ; there should be proper toleration to the unanimous consent principle on punishing mutual thing ; we should prohibit mortgaging to some movable property which has no way to open ; there should not be the time limitation when mortgager realizes the hypothec after the fulfilling tern ; of primary creditor ' s rights is over, except that mortgager is not the debtor ; when the debtor do not refund the debt, the mortgager cannot get the guaranty directly, but he may put in for the court to auction guaranty
摘要我國未來物權法，對于不動產登記簿的開放對象應當有所限制，但對于開放內容不應有所限制；物權人的返還原物請求權不應當適用訴訟時效；應當建立取得時效制度，並應區分一般動產、準不動產、未登記不動產而規定不同的成立條件；在動產的轉讓人為無權處分而受讓人為善意的情況下，轉讓人與受讓人之間的合同是否有效不應當以「無權處分」為條件，只有在轉讓合同無效的情形下，受讓人取得標的物的所有權才是依善意取得制度的取得，此時的取得是原始取得；在共同共有的情形下，原則上處分共有物應當經共有人全體一致同意，但應容有若干例外；不應當規定居住權；動產抵押的公示方式問題無法徹底解決，如果規定動產抵押，應當實行登記要件主義，適于烙印、打刻或貼標簽的動產，應當採取烙印、打刻或貼標簽的方式，其他無法解決公示方式的動產應當禁止抵押；主債權履行期屆滿后，抵押權人行使抵押權，原則上不應當有一個時間限制，但抵押人非為債務人時可容有例外；在債務人不償債時，抵押權人不能直接讓抵押人交出抵押物，實現抵押權，但可以持抵押權登記簿副本直接申請法院拍賣抵押物。Firstly, the spouse who can ask compensation for divorce damage is the one without fault only, and the one who undertake the duty should be the spouse who has fault. secondly, the evidence gained from catching the adultery can be employed, but some measures must be applied to restrict it. thirdly, the compensation for divorce includes compensation for both material and spiritual damages, and the emphasis is the latter one
離婚損害賠償制度在實施過程中，必須注意下列問題： 1 、離婚損害賠償的權利主體只能是無過錯配偶，義務主體只能是過錯配偶； 2 、捉姦取得的證據可以採用，但必須有一定的限制； 3 、離婚損害賠償范圍包括財產損害賠償和精神損害賠償，重點在於精神損害賠償； 4 、離婚損害賠償請求權必須在特定的期間內行使，否則，將得不到有效保護。This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first, under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation
本文重點探討的就是公民生命權受到侵害、健康權受到侵害、 「死者人格」受到侵害這三種情形下的受害人近親屬的精神損害賠償請求權問題。探討以介紹和比較國外相關法律規定和學術理論為前提，結合我國的實際情況，從理論與實踐相結合的角度對以上各問題分別進行了分析，並提出了作者自己的一些見解：第一、在公民從受傷害到死亡有一段時間距離的情形下，死者的近親屬除依法享有其固有的精神損害賠償請求權以外，還可以繼承死者生前就其所受之精神損害而享有的精神損害賠償請求權；第二、在加害人的行為已造成直接受害人殘疾，或者是造成其健康嚴重受損的其他後果的情形下，我國應在借鑒國外已有立法和判例的基礎上，賦予一定范圍內的受害人近親屬以精神損害賠償請求權；第三、法律保護死者人格不受侵害的目的是為了保護死者近親屬的利益和維護公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近親屬能證明其訴訟主體的合法性，能夠證實侵害「死者人格」的行為已構成侵權，即可推定死者近親屬因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?無須舉證的「名義上的精神損害」 ，死者近親屬即可提起精神損害賠償之訴。最後，本文認為，加強對受害人近親屬的權利和利益保護問題的研究，既有一定的必要性，同時又具有十分重要的現實意義。Project construction, as the owners did not agree to pay for the contract, or other owners of the obligations assumed by the reasons caused the increase in construction costs, extended construction period, project contractor compensation to the owners of losses ( cost or time limit ) of a written request, known as the engineering claims
工程建設中，由於業主未按合同約定支付工程費用，或其他應由業主承擔的義務等原因而造成的增加工程施工費用、延長施工期限等，工程承包單位向業主提出賠償損失（費用或工期）的書面請求，稱為工程索賠。For example, we must confirm a succession system based on the co - existence of general succession and limited succession on the premise that the claimant claims inheritance separation, or claims that the inheritance should be conducted as abandonment of succession, because it is n ' t enough for paying off debts. the heir will lose the interests from limited succession because of not performing the duty of honestly telling the truth
我國無條件限定繼承製度應予以全方位的改良：確立以概括繼承和限定繼承並存的繼承方式，繼承人享有限定繼承利益的前提是遺產債權人請求遺產分離，或繼承人主張遺產不足以清償債務而被推定放棄繼承，繼承人不履行誠實告知義務將喪失限定繼承利益。In theory, it is necessary to study the theory of administrable permission and the relation between department and the other side. in practice, it is important to perfecting the law system of three links among the enactment, execution and compensate of administrable permission, and so on. it is essential to enforce the execution of the department and also need to control it strictly
文章最後得出結論：在理論上，必須深入研究行政許可理論，研究行政許可機關及其相對人的關系；在實踐上，完善行政許可的設定、實施、救濟三個環節的法律制度，主要從行政立法、行政執法、行政復議、行政訴訟和賠償等法律制度著手，必須依法保障許可機關實施行政許可，又要黑龍江大學碩士學位論文函面畫面面面三畝畝面石石面面『面對其加以嚴格控制;同時，既要依法要求行政相對方履行其義務，又要保障公民獲得救濟的權利。The problem whether there are people who present an action deals with the party of the compensation plea with regard to the civil liability of the security transaction
有人訴指的是證券交易民事責任的賠償請求權主體是誰?有人賠指的是證券交易民事責任的賠償義務主體是誰The main artery of qu yuan personality is egoism, which is expressed as the following aspects : the sense of self - consciousness is conspicuous, i. e. the inclination of self - preoccupation appears strong ; in creation, the authors are inclined to pursue the unconventional and fanciful poetic style ; the fantasies tend to manifest the psychology of overcompensation and perfectionism ; and the description of the images of lyric heroes possess the characteristics of self - adornment
摘要貫穿屈原人格的是自我中心，主要表現在自我意識突出，有強烈的自我關注傾向；創作上追求標新立異的奇幻詩風；幻想傾向表現出過度補償和完美主義的心理；對抒情主人公形象的描繪帶有文飾自我的特點。Since 1987, the secretariat had organised annual supervisory seminars at the bis for promising young bank supervisors, attended by persons from about thirty - five countries worldwide. in addition, the secretariat was conducting several training courses annually at regional locations and was regularly invited to lecture at training courses organised by the regional groups themselves or other official organisations. in 1999 the bank for international settlements, in a joint initiative with the basel committee, set up the financial stability institute to take over and develop a multi - level educational programme
例如，如果經理人所從事的交易同主管機構所制定的法律或者法規相沖突，那麼由此受到損害的投資者就有可能向經理人和受託人要求賠償如果是由於受託人未能履行適當的注意義務監管經理人所達成的交易，並且在發現存在同法律或者法規相沖突之後而未能採取措施取消或者更正不正當的交易，那麼就有受託人承擔責任。It defines mainly the following concepts and scopes such as the subject and the nature of infringement acts ( including duty acts and duty - related acts ), irregularity, and especially the exact meaning of " law " which is used to judge administrative infringement acts. the meaning of " law " varies with different means adopted by the victims for compensation and with different confirming organizations. the third part deals with judi
本部分著重對行政侵權行為的主體、侵權行為的性質（職務行為及職務相關行為） 、違法等相關概念和范圍進行了界定，提出了判斷行政侵權行為違法標準中的「法」的涵義，因受害人尋求賠償救濟途徑和違法行為確認機關不同， 「法」之涵義也不相同的新見解。Start from the study of the development and current station of the investment and fund circulation of infrastructures in cities in china, the thesis analyses the problems of the unclear faction of the goverment and the narrow channal and single way of financing and the trade monopolizing in it and then, at the request of rules of development of socialist market economy, useing the categorised theories of the products and service and the public financial theories in economics, the thesis tries to classify the projects of infrastructures into profit projects, quasi - projects and non - projects on the standard of profitable degree. and it presents the thoughts and goals of the reform of the investment and fund circulation of infrastructures on the study of the co - relation of the projects. the thesis maintains that establishing the investment and fund circulation company is the way of realization of the government inventment, and enlarge the investment scale through all kinds of channels, and raise the profitable degree of projects by establishing risk compensatory fund. the thesis compares the cost of the different financing waies and discusses the feasibility and necessity to issue the fund of city construction
然後，按照社會主義市場經濟發展規律的要求，應用經濟學有關產品和服務的分類理論、有關公共財政的理論，以城建項目的可經營程度為標準，把城建項目分為難經營性項目、準經營性項目和經營性項目三類。研究了三類項目之間在特定條件下相互轉化的關系，在此基礎上提出了城建投資融資體制改革的推進思路和目標模式。主張設立城市基礎設施投資融資公司作為政府投資的實現形式，對不同類別的城建設施項目採取多元化投資融資方式，廣泛利用股票、債券市場、產業投資基金、資產證券化等方式，擴大城建設施投資融資規模，並重視利用外資和bot項目融資方式，以及通過設立投資風險補償基金，提高項目的可經營性程度。The research work focuses on the following four main investigations : 1. theory of fluid system design for adjustable linear oil damper by use of dynamic mathematical models and dynamic - parameter - compensat ing method, the first research of this item has established the generalized optimiz - - ation mathematical model of the fluid system of an adjustable linear oil damper ; by use of the mechanical generalized optimization theory and platform, the first research has also made a multi - objective and overall - performance optimal design to the fluid system which gives the damper both the best damping performances and the best economic capacities ; by modeling the whole damper and analyzing it by numerical method, the second research of this item has solved the problem of the damper ' s dynamical damping characteristics calculation, simulation and analysis
主要涉及以下四個方面的內容： 1 、可調式線性油壓減振器阻尼系統的設計理論採用動態數學模型和動態參數補償的方法對可調式線性油壓減振器的阻尼系統進行了廣義優化設計建模；運用機械廣義優化設計理論和平臺對可調式線性油壓減振器的阻尼系統進行了多目標、全性能的優化，實現了其技術性能和經濟性能的綜合優化設計；通過對整個油壓減振器進行建模與數值分析，解決了工程上對多級擬合線性油壓減振器的阻尼性能進行求解、對其動態特性進行分析的難點。The general thinking to complete the s > stem of judicial identification responsibility of our country is to change from the unilateral emphasis on the right of identification to the emphasis on both the obligation principle of the right of identification and interested person in aspect of legal obligation of identifier, from responsibility of unity to responsibility to natural person in aspect of responsible body, from criminal and administrative responsibility as major to civil responsibility as major in aspect of the content of responsibility, from contractual responsibility and tort responsibility as major to the combination of claim and tort of responsibility as major in aspect of the nature of responsibility, and finally in aspect of the realization of compensation to establish the system of practicing insurance or supplementing each other
完善我國司法鑒定責任制度的總體思路是:在鑒定人的法定義務上，應由單方面注重鑒定權主義的義務觀向鑒定權主義義務觀與當事人主義義務觀並重轉變;在責任主體上，應由機構責任向自然人責任轉變;在責任內容上，應由刑事責任、行政責任為主向以民事責任為主轉變;在責任性質上，應由以契約責任、侵權責任為主向以侵權責任、請求權競合為主轉變;在賠償實現上，建立鑒定人執業保險或執業互濟制度。To carry out the principles of justice and good faith, continent countries created the system of right of uneasy pleadings, allowing the former performer to exercise right of uneasy pleadings to suspend his performance and to claim assurance of the other party which is in bad property conditions and has the probability not to perform his obligations to pay the price or to take delivery of the goods. the system of right of uneasy pleadings has the same value and functions as that of anticipatory breach of contract, esp. diminished expectation
（ 3 ）合同履行期屆至后尋求實際違約的救濟本章第三節對默示預期違約進行了分析，從以下三方面展開：一、默示預期違約規則的確立和發展英美法最早於1894年英國法院在審理辛格夫人訴辛格一案中確立了默示預期違約規則，允許默示預期違約受害方在對方違反合同主要義務時解除合同，並請求損害賠償。It is necessary to study deeply on the system of land expropriation to help governments to make a requisition for land successfully, to keep the society stable and united, and to improve the development of our economy
因此本文試圖通過對我國土地徵用補償標準進行系統而深入的研究，以期尋求一條適合我國社會主義經濟發展要求的土地徵用補償辦法，以促進社會經濟的持續、健康、穩定發展。分享友人