無權締約 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wúquándìyāo]
無權締約
英文
treaty-making incapacity-
For the treaty about the responsibility ' s quality, have four kind doctrine, is a deflect to say respectively, and the act of law say, and the direct provision of law say that say with honest repute, and the writer more incline toward the honest repute to say, quanta this is the treaty about negligence responsibility this a special stage solicit of, the parties steer the activity relating to civil law the hour to must have the heart of bona fides the status, other doctrine all some lead long strong, treaty about of occasion, traditional standpoint it is an acknowledge concordat that negligence responsibility establish does not establish, void or reversed occasion
對于締約責任的性質，有四種學說，分別是侵權行為說，法律行為說，法律直接規定說和誠實信用說，筆者更傾向于誠實信用說，因為這是締約過失責任這一特殊階段要求的，當事人進行民事活動時必須具備誠實善良的內心狀態，其他學說都有些牽強。對于締約過失責任成立的場合，傳統的觀點是只承認合同不成立、無效或被撤銷的場合。筆者認為也應包括合同成立的場合，因為他同時也侵犯了非違約方的固有利益，雖然這部分利益不佔重點，但我們不能否認她們的存在，比如標的物有瑕疵，締約人違反保證等。The dissertation wants to construct a systematic structure of precontract institution. at first, we analyze the precontract ' s legal concepts and its legal characteristics, and points out that the precontract is a contract in essence, however it has n ' t the characteristic of human being " s nominate transaction, the author discuss it from the viewpoint of the procedure to make a contract
論文旨在構築預約合同制度的系統框架，首先從語源學分析了預約的法律概念，剖析其法律特徵，指出預約本質上是債權合同，但它不具有人類類型化交易的特徵，屬于無名合同，筆者把它作為合同締結程序來分析。Article xiv a contracting state shall not be entitled to avail itself of the present convention against other contracting states except to the extent that it is itself bound to apply the convention
第十四條締約國除在自己適用本公約的限度內，無權利用本公約對抗其他締約國。In the selling or buying of goods, an operator may express clearly his intention to offer a discount to the other party and pay a commission to the middleman. where an operator gives a discount to the other party and pays a commission to the middleman, he must enter the items in the books factually
2締約各方在適用伯爾尼公約時，應將對該公約所規定權利的任何限制或例外限於某些不與作品的正常利用相抵觸也不無理地損害作者合法利益的特殊情況。Governments and their subordinate departments shall not abuse their administrative powers to restrict the entry of goods from other parts of the country into the local market or the flow of local goods to markets in other parts of the country. article 8. an operator may not practice bribery by using money, gifts or other means to sell or buy goods
L締約各方在某些不與作品的正常利用相抵觸也不無理地損害作者合法權益的情況下，可在其國內立法中對依本條約授予文學和藝術作品作者的權利規定限制或例外。Surveying the theories and practice all over the world, the countries such as german insist on contract responsibility according to providing contract by silent information and protecting the third party. however, america and england tend to infringement responsibility, because they think there is n ' t strict contract relations between accounting and the third party, and cpa against the liability stipulated in advance. the third party can be devided to the direct third party, the predicted third party and the third party which can be predicted reasonably
縱觀世界各國學說與實踐，德國等大陸法系國家一般主張為契約責任，這主要是以默示的信息提供契約，具保護第三人效力的契約，契約締結上的過失等理由為依據；而英美法系國家，判例和學說趨向降旗認定為一種侵權責任，因為會計師與第三人之間並無嚴格意義上的契約關系，雖然對注冊會計師而言，第三人具有合理的可被預見性，但第三人畢竟是不確定的多數人，因而會計師違反的是法律事先規定的義務，侵犯的是一般公民的權利，是絕對權，只能依侵權行為的責任構成追究責任。When there is contractual relation between professional and concerned party, it ' s up to the concerned party to choose tort liability or contract violation liability. besides the contractual relation, the liability could occur in contract making neglience, negotiorum gestio or damage to third party, to which liabilities for breach of contract could not be applied, because there is no contractual relation between them
本文認為，專家責任屬於一種綜合責任：在專家與當事人之間存在契約關系時，專家對自己的損害行為既可能承擔違約責任，也可能承擔侵權責任；在契約關系之外，專家尚可因為締約過失、無因管理、對第三人造成損害等情形承擔賠償責任，此時，由於在專家與當事人之間不存在契約關系，當無適用違約責任之可能。Conclude a treaty negligence liability and responsibility of breach of contract are two in contract issue different ideas, former in happening conclude a treaty level, be did not conclude in the contract or be issued by the circumstance of cancel, damage kills the method that just upholds him right ; latter after contract become effective happening fulfill level, right now a nonperformance because of the other side or fulfill what disagreement asks and damage kills, with respect to the responsibility of breach of contract that can find out the other side
締約過失責任與違約責任是合同問題中的兩個不同概念，前者發生在締約階段，是在合同沒有訂立或合同無效或被撤銷的情況下，受損害方維護自己權利的方法；後者發生在合同生效后的履行階段，此時一方因對方的不履行或履行不合要求而受損害的，就可以追究對方的違約責任。And this type of liability should character in the course of entering a contract, one party breaching the obligation with subjective fault, making the other party losses and the function of compensation. on the issues of liability basis, by criticizing tort doctrine, legal behavior doctrine, and regulatory doctrine, points out that the theoretical basis of the liability id good faith. the material foundation is subject to the liability basis, and the liability not only in the circumstances of contract coming into existence, be announced invalid and be cancelled, but possibly exists on occasion that contract is valid
首先，文章指出締約過失責任的概念應包涵產生時間、主觀狀態、先合同義務的違反及損害的產生四個關鍵因素，具有產生於締約過程中、一方因主觀過錯違反先合同義務、給對方造成損害以及彌補功能等特徵；在責任基礎的問題上，通過對侵權行為說、法律行為說、法律規定說等反對觀點的批駁，指出締約過失責任的理論基礎是誠實信用原則，其賴以產生的事實基礎除了致合同不成立之締約過失、合同被確認無效或被撤銷之締約過失外，提出了合同有效情況下締約過失存在的可能性。分享友人