相變致冷 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xiāngbiànzhìlěng]
相變致冷
英文
phase change cooling-
The third, later in the 20th century, yugoslavia had lost the especial strategic advantage in the cold war. moreover, with the impact from the upheaval of soviet union and east europe, her system occurred profound transformation, together with politics and economy conjuncture, leading to the state abruption, which caused a series of conflict and threatened the safety and stabilization of the balkan and europe
其三， 20世紀末南斯拉夫失去了冷戰時期在東西方對抗中所享有的地緣政治利益，自身還在蘇東劇變大潮的沖擊中發生著深刻的體制變遷，與政治、經濟危機相伴而來的民族危機最終導致國家分裂，並引起一系列愈益慘烈的武裝沖突和戰爭，威脅著巴爾干半島和歐洲的安全與穩定。Based on the two ctd data sets from the cruise of the summertime in 2000 and wintertime in 2001 in bohai sea and the collected historic observed thermohaline data, we analyse systemically the distributional characteristics of temperature, salinity and density in wintertime and summertime in the bohai sea and the results reveal that the current hydrologic characteristics of the bohai sea have some obvious variances relative to the previous research results. in summer there are three low - temperature centers in the middle - layer and underlayer of the middle parts of the bohai strait, liaodong bay - mouth and bohai bay - mouth, but there is a uniform high - temperature center in the middle part of the bohai sea. in winter the isotherms extend westward and northward to the bohai sea from the warm core of the bohai strait and a cold - water tongue off the qinhuangdao spreads southeastward out, so the saddle - like isotherm pattern is formed in the middle part of the bohai sea
利用2000年夏季和2001年冬季渤海兩次ctd資料和以前收集的渤海溫鹽調查資料，分析了渤海冬、夏季溫鹽密度的分佈特徵，結果表明，渤海現有的水文特徵與以往研究結果相比發生了明顯的變異：夏季在渤海海峽、遼東灣口和渤海灣口中部中、下層存在三個低溫中心，在渤海中部則出現一個上下均勻一致的高溫中心；冬季等溫線以渤海海峽暖中心向西和向北兩個方向伸入渤海，而從秦皇島外海有一冷水舌向東南方向伸展，在渤海中部海域形成「馬鞍狀」等溫線結構。Lastly, we discuss the energy - band structure of ultracold atoms in optical lattice by means of green function method and in addition, procure the superfluid - mott phase transition condition in mean - field approximation which is in agreement with the result in the literature
最後利用格林函數方法討論了光格子中超冷原子的能帶結構，根據mott相存在能隙的判據我們在平均場近似下重新得到superfluid - mott相變條件，該結論與相關文獻一致。The analysis of the large - scale synoptic situation shows that strong precipitation is closely related to the explosion of monsoon and the intensification of cross - equatorial flow which bring a lot of vapor and meet with cold masses at the eastern of northwest district on 8th, june causing extremely heavy rainfall ; that subtropical high - level jet at 200hpa, subtropical high at 500hpa and low - level jet at 850hpa are the weather backgrounds favorable to strong precipitation ; that the pattern of eastern highs and western lows and the establishment of a low - level jet and the coupling between upper - and low - level patterns that determine that the rain occurred in the east of the northwest china ( on average, this is the rainy season for the south of china, but not for the northwest china ) ; that water vapor comes from southerly and easterly flow which converge at the eastern of northwest district with convergence mainly in lower levels and pbl ; that the high value of the whole - level apparent heat source < q1 > is near the area of large rainfall in the direction of northeasterly - southwesterly agreeable to shear line very well and the condensation latent heat releasing is main heat source with vertical advection item playing key role in q1 and q2 ; that there is a vertical secondary circulation crossing low - lever jet whose ascending branch is at the area of large rainfall ; that the construction of convection instability and conditional symmetry instability results that there is not only deep thermal instability, but also moisture influx and triggering mechanism of thermal instability causing strong torrential rain
作為對比，本文還對2002年6月24 - 25日發生在北京地區的強地形雨進行了分析，並討論陜南、北京地區兩地暴雨的異同點以及地形作用的共性和個性，為兩地暴雨預報提供有益的參考，得出了一些很有意義的結果： 1大尺度環流背景分析表明： （ 1 ） 「 02 . 6 」強降水與6月上旬越赤道氣流和季風爆發密切相關，攜帶大量水汽的偏南氣流與冷空氣於6月8日交匯在西北地區東部，導致了這次強降水的發生； （ 2 ） 200hpa的副熱帶西風急流、 500hpa副高以及850hpa的低空急流的配置非常有利於本文分析之陜西強降水的發展與維持。大尺度形勢分析表明，東高西低形勢場、低空急流的建立和高低空形勢的配置決定了這場降雨出現在西北地區東部。與暴雨區相聯系，存在一支橫越低空急流的經向垂直環流，暴雨區處于該垂直環流的上升支； （ 3 ）偏南和偏東氣流水汽通道在西北地區東部交匯，水汽的輻合積聚主要在對流層低層和行星邊界層內完成； （ 4 ）整層的視熱源< q _ 1 >高值區在暴雨區附近呈東北-西南向分佈，與切變線走向非常一致，降水產生的凝結潛熱釋放是強降水區大氣的主要熱源。The last but not the least, people has become more and more indifferent to each other and the relationship between neighbors has become less intimate. such cold interrelationship between the residents has caused the decline of the social security
再次，鄰里關系日漸淡薄與冷漠，昔日「守望相助」的優良傳統如今變成「老死不相往來」 ，這樣的人際交往進一步導致社會治安狀況的下降。Experimental demonstration of laser induced thermal distortions of phase - change cooled mirrors
相變致冷反射鏡的光致熱畸變特性實驗研究The results indicate that soil water moves from the warm end to the cool end in both gaseous and aqueous phases under temperature gradient, which causes changes of matric po
研究表明，在溫度勢梯度影響下土壤水分以液態和汽態兩種狀態從暖端向冷端遷移，從而引起暖端基質勢的相應改變，導致水分在兩種勢梯度交互作用下逐漸達到平衡。The results show that the auto - conversion of frozen drops and graupels ( cnfh, cngh ) are the main sources of the hailstones in the strong convective storm studied in the paper, but the contribution of frozen drops is greater than that of graupels. hailstones mainly depend on the processes of collecting supercooled water ( clch, clrh ) to grow. the relatively simple mass continuous equation was used to calculate vertical velocity, and use radial projection relation of dual - doppler radar to retrieve the case ' s three - dimensional wind field
同時模擬分析了冰雹形成的微物理過程，結果表明，本個例模擬雹雲中，冰雹粒子主要由凍滴和霰轉化（ cnfh ， cngh ）形成，但凍滴對冰雹形成的貢獻要比霰大得多，冰雹含水量中心的發展演變與凍滴含水量中心的發展演變相一致，冰雹主要是通過撞凍過冷水過程（ clch ， clrh ）而進一步長大的。Aim : to analyze the mechanism, thermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors of thermally induced phase separation ( tips ) in order to completely grasp the factors affecting the size, distribution and form of pores, so that the adjusted range of pore can be widened and the preparation of porous membrane can be repeated and controlled. methods : considering from the structural characteristics of tissue engineered materials, the methods of preparing porous membrane using tips technique, the hermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed, the problems and investigative directions in the future were also analyzed. tips technique is a process of phase separation of polymer homogenous solution under quenching, and it is suitable for diameter and structural form of the micropore materials prepared using tips are closely correlated with the kind and dispensing proportion of polymer attrnuant, polymer concentration and polymer molecular mass, etc. conducted, including determination of polymer - solvent system phase diagram, study of form and appearance of porous membrane of different thickness, study of form and appearance of porous membrane prepared with systems of different x, which is the parameter of polymer - solvent interaction
目的:分析熱致相分離成膜過程的機理、熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素，以便充分掌握影響孔度大小、分佈、形態的因素，使孔度調控范圍得以拓寬，使多孔膜的制備能重復可控.方法:從組織工程材料結構特點出發，分析熱致相分離聚合物多孔膜的制備方法及該法成膜的熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素.並分析實驗中存在的問題及今後的研究方向.結果:以熱致相分離法可制備聚合物多孔膜.熱致相分離法制備多孔膜是高聚物均相溶液在淬冷條件下發生相分離的過程，它適用於上臨界共溶溫度型聚合物一稀釋劑二元體系.熱致相分離法成膜的過程，可以認為是旋節線機理佔主導地位.熱致相分離法制備的微孔材料，其孔隙率、孔徑大小、結構形態與聚合物稀釋劑的種類、組成配比、聚合物濃度、聚合物分子量等因素密切相關.結論:可採用熱致相分離技術制備多孔膜，通過改變不同的成膜條件可獲得一系列不同孔徑尺寸和孔徑分佈的多孔膜材料.對熱致相分離成膜過程中聚合物-溶劑體系的相圖測定，不同厚度的多孔膜形貌研究，不同x （聚合物-溶劑相互作用參數）體系所制備的多孔膜形貌等需深人研究Though asm of eufe is 0. 199 j / kg ? k less than that of gdsige, it can be higher than now if more reasonable process is taken, eufe can become magnetic refrigerant materials in practice some day
二者相比， eufe的磁熵變要低0 . 199j kg ? k ，如果改進工藝，制備單相eufe合金，其磁熵變還會有所提高， eufe合金有可能成為一種實用的磁致冷材料。Calculated the aggregation frequency for the crown - shaped liquid droplets on condersor at > 90 in light of the properties of liquid droplets distribution function, and the detailed balance equation is derived for liquid - vapour phase transition
摘要根據冷凝壁面液滴分佈函數的概念和性質，計算了> 90時冷凝壁面球冠形液滴的融並頻率；導出純氣液相變下冷凝壁面的細致平衡方程。China is one of the countries which are harmed by storm surge both tropical and temperate cyclones, the disaster of storm surge can occure every seasons and from south to north in china ' s coastal area. based on the analysis of the features of temporal and spatial changes of storm surge disaster in the recent 50 years, this paper focuses on the frequency changes of historical records in recent 500 years and measured data in recent 50 years of storm surge disaster and the relationships between storm frequency change and climate fluctuation. meanwhlie, the effects of future increase in the frequency of tropical cyclones landing or affecting china and relative sea level rise with global warming on storm surge disaster of china ' s coastal area also discussed. the results show that, in recent 500 years, there are direct relationships between storm frequency change and climate fluctuation, i. e., high global mean temperature correspond with high storm frequency and low mean temperature correspond with low storm frequency. storm surge disaster in china ' s coastal area will be exacerbated with global warming
中國是全球少數幾個同時受臺風風暴潮和溫帶風暴潮危害的國家之一，風暴潮災一年四季，從南到北均可發生.本文基於中國沿海近50年風暴潮災時間變化和空間分佈特點的分析，著重探討了近500年全國及長江、黃河、珠江三角洲的歷史記錄和近50年實測風暴潮災發生頻次的變化及其與氣候波動的關系，並對未來全球變化背景下，中國沿海風暴潮災的變化趨向進行了討論.結果表明:近500年來，中國沿海的風暴潮災在氣溫較高的偏暖時段比氣溫較低的偏冷時段明顯增多.近50年實測臺風暴潮災的變化也是如此，而溫帶風暴湖的變化則與此相反.未來全球變化引起的登陸影響中國的熱帶氣旋頻次增加和相對海平面的上升，均將導致風暴潮災呈加重的趨向分享友人