經濟體系類型 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jīngjìtǐxìlèixíng]
經濟體系類型 英文
types of economies
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 體 : 體構詞成分。
  • 系 : 系動詞（打結; 扣） tie; fasten; do up; button up
  • 類 : Ⅰ名1 （許多相似或相同的事物的綜合; 種類） class; category; kind; type 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞...
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  • 類型 : type; mold; form; cut類型論 theory of types; 類型語句 [計算機] type statements
  1. In this paper, two major types, the natural vegetation and crop vegetation in luota are studied. we can gain the different distributive area by remote sensing technology, in accordance with conifer forest, broadleaf forest, thick shrub forest, shrub forest, herbs shrub forest, herbs naked rock and crop vegetation. the valuation of the output of standing trees, water conserbancy, soil conserbation to control erosion and purify the air is the main basis which is used to value the functions of the forest ecosystem of the conifer forest and broadleaf forest of luotathe result reveal that the total ecological function value of the forest which area is 1388. 8 hm2 is estimated up to 18. 36 million yuan per annum. the synthetic valuation system of luota vegetation is put forward by the valuation of per hm2 in evergreen - deciduous forest, conifer forest, conifer and broadleaf forest, broadleaf forest, scatteredtree - shrub forest, coppice - shrub forest, herbs shrub forest, econamic crop and cereal crops. the plant resources is valued according to the ornamental and green plant. lumber trees and medical plant. ornamental plant includes hosta plantaginea. lilium brownii van viridulum, spiraea cantomiensis and so on. lumber tuees includes zzzelkova schneideriana, emmenopterys henryi, catalpa fargesii and so on

    本文把洛塔現存植被分為自然植被與栽培植被兩大類進行研究，通過遙感技術對現存植被按針葉林、闊葉林、密灌、灌叢、草灌、荒草裸巖、農作物植被等類型進行分佈面積的統計，在此基礎上，以林產品價值、涵養水源價值、保護土壤價值和凈化空氣價值作為估算的主要參考依據，對已成林的針葉林與闊葉林進行森林生態系統的價值估算，得出面積為1388 . 8hm ~ 2的針葉闊葉林的森林生態價值為1836 . 37萬元，參照這一生態價值量，把洛塔植被按常綠落葉林、針葉林、針闊混交林、闊葉林、疏林?灌叢、矮灌叢、荒草灌叢、經濟作物和糧食作物，以每hm ~ 2的價值量提出了洛塔植被的綜合價值體系。
  2. Considering that the enterprise cannot research the " customer - enterprise " value deeply, on the basis of that, the paper puts forward evaluating system of customer value in the enterprise according to value contribution, applies ahp to analyze weight of the indexes in consultation with marketing management and selling personnel of the enterprise and relevant experts and then exert clustering analysis and sas software to classify the customers according to the current value and potential value, provide the strategies of the customer classification management. in addition, any resource is exiguity, including economical resource. this paper defines economical resource, puts forward the model of optimum distributing resource and utilizes the method of linear regress equation to get result, which to grope for a new method about calculating marketing expenditure

    本文首先界定了客戶和客戶價值的含義，同時闡述了關系營銷中客戶價值的理論以及客戶價值的影響因素，針對目前「客戶?企業」價值的研究還不成熟的研究現狀，以及現實中還沒有定量分析客戶價值大小的方法，本文提出了一套具有可操作性的客戶價值評價的指標體系，對客戶可以進行比較全面的、多角度的評價，同時採用ahp法對這個評價體系中的各指標因子賦以合理的權重，然後運用聚類分析法和sas統計軟體對客戶群進行了科學地細分，在此基礎上幫助企業制定出不同細分客戶群組的營銷策略；除此之外，考慮到目前企業對于營銷資源的合理分配問題還沒有進行過深入地討論，本著企業經營的根本目的是盈利的原則，論文結合經濟學原理以及計量經濟學中的多元線性回歸分析提出了實現利潤最大化的營銷資源配置的優化模型，旨在探索一種銷售費用最優配置的方法。
  3. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  4. Following the research route of mend with study and development with creation, give the definition of risk and the methods of risk identifying, divide the risk attitude into risk loving, risk neutralism and risk avoiding, point out the importance of enhancing the risk consciousness for lightning hazard, and summarize the mechanisms of lightning hazard the theories and methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard. provide a set of risk assessment parameters for lightning hazard, which includes lightning times n, hazard probability p, hazard loss d, hazard risk r and protection efficiency e, and give the definition, decisive factor, value method and value scope of each parameter. establish a risk assessment model for lightning hazard which includes lightning hazard base module, lightning hazard probability module, lightning hazard loss module, lightning hazard accepted risk module, lightning protection cost module, correcting coefficient module, lightning hazard risk module, and lightning protection class and efficiency module

    遵循借鑒改造和發展創新的研究思路，給出了風險的定義和風險識別的方法，將風險態度分為風險喜好型、風險中庸型和風險逃避型，指出了提高雷電災害風險意識的重要性，總結了雷電災害的作用機制和雷電災害風險評估的理論與方法；提供了包括雷擊次數n 、雷災概率p 、雷災損失d 、雷災風險r和雷電防護級別與防護效率e等5類基本參數的雷電災害風險評估參數體系，並給出了各個參數的定義、參數的決定因素和取值方法以及取值范圍；設計了包括雷電災害基礎模塊、雷電災害概率評估模塊、雷電災害損失評估模塊、雷電災害允許風險評估模塊、雷電防護成本評估模塊、校正系數模塊、雷電災害風險評估模塊、雷電防護級別與效率分析模塊等8個模塊的雷電災害風險評估模型，評估模型以iec61662的評估模型為基本參考，以雷災損失d為中心，把雷災風險劃分為經濟雷災風險r _ e和人身雷災風險r _ l ，並對r _ e和r _ l分開單獨處理。
  5. To analyze beaux - arts, the authors indicates that nowadays chinese architectural education, which originated from beaux - arts, faces a lot of challenges in a blank new situation as followings : the enrollments shift from art students to scientific ones, whether the architecture is a kind of craftsmanship or a real academic subject, cad as a double - edged sword, the passive basic education is stroked by a positive top education, the necessity and possibility of technology education

    摘要在分析布薩建築教育體系的基礎上，指出經濟轉型時期中國建築教育面臨的若干挑戰，如生源類型的轉移、學手藝還是學科學、計算機輔助設計雙刃劍、基礎教育受到自發明星教育沖擊和技術教育弱點等問題。
  6. Base on those researches, the thesis applies a madm ( multi attribute decision making ) model. the model embarks from socio - technical viewpoint, analyzes technical issues, economic issues, procedural issues and organizational issues that affect software reengineering, selects economic factors, managemental factors, organizational factors, risk factors and expectational factors as main decision matrix, establishes hierarchy structure of decision matrix

    該模型從社會技術系統的觀點出發，分析了技術的、經濟的、程序的和組織政治等因素對軟體再造的影響，提出了用經濟因素、管理因素、組織政治因素、風險因素以及人們對再造后系統的期望等五大類因素作為本決策問題的基本決策因素，並對各類決策因素進行了細分，確立了決策因素的層次結構。
  7. First, the author in detail introduces the typology to substitute concept as a systematization method. the typology method not only acknowledges that the legal science about the pure economic loss is still pausing at a starting degree. moreover it has provided the research route as following : experience type - logic type - standard type

    首先，筆者詳細介紹了類型替代概念的體系化方法，作為方法論的自省，類型化不僅承認了法學界對純粹經濟損失的研究程度尚停留在混沌狀態的現狀，而且提供了從「經驗類型」到「邏輯類型」再到「范類型」研究路線。
  8. First, based on location theories and systems model methods, the location factors were quantified by establishing the location advantage models ( including economic attraction model and spatial aggregation model ) and location feasibility models. the location advantage grades and location feasibility types were set up, according to the result of location models of daxing district. secondly, based on the landscape analysis of the 4 towns chosen form location grades system, the landscape status has been judged by landscape pattern analysis, then the relationship of location typies and landscape pattern has been analyzed

    首先，依據區位理論，運用系統模型方法，將區位因素定量化建立區位優勢度模刑（包括經濟吸引度模型和空間聚集度模型）和區位適宜度模型，對大興區小城鎮體系的區位狀況進行分析並劃分區位優勢度等級，分析其區位適宜狀況，判斷其適宜度類型；其次，對4個典型區位小城鎮進行景觀格局分析，判斷景觀格局的優勢與不足，並分析區位類型與景觀格局的相互關系；第三，建立格局優化模型，綜合考慮經濟、生態和社會三者效益，得出研究區各類景觀的最優比例，並對典型城鎮進行優化格局功能分區。
  9. The directive thinking is : basis of resources breeding and management and development and utilization ; leading by feature industry such as forest industry and forest tourism ; aiming at meeting the need of market and public environment construction ; guiding at systemic, synthetically and stereoscopic development ; building up region industry group and industry train. on the basis of analysis industry position, it studied the relation between industry system and industry group and the relation between industry group and industry train. using theorical pattern, it described the relation and degree of coordination in industry trains and suggested the policy of adjustment of industry structure and advancement for state - owned forest region

    本文界定了林業的產業性質，在三次產業分類法的基礎上提出四次產業分類法，提出了「零級產業（環境產業） 」概念，辨析了環境產業與林業產業的相關關系；分析了森林三大效益?成本關系；分析國有林區產業單一狀況的弊端；從經濟、社會和生態三方面分析了產業協同發展的價值；提出國有林區產業體系建立的指導思想：以資源培育與開發利用產業為基礎和龍頭，以特色產業? ?如林產工業、森林旅遊等為主導，以滿足市場需求和公益環境建設需求相兼顧為目標，以系統、綜合、立體開發為指針，建立具有區域特點的、協調的產業群和產業鏈；在產業位勢分析的基礎上，勾畫了產業體系與產業群、產業群與產業鏈之間的相關關系：運用理論模型描述產業鏈之間的相關關系及協同度。
  10. Thirdly, the mathematics model of forecasting low flow was established in fengcong and fenglin regions according to these factors influencing the amount of low flow in karst drainage ( the area of drainage, lithology, the type of landforms and its special assembly and forest ) the conception of low water resources carrying capacity was first put forward according to the changing law of low water resources in space and the situation of exploitation and utilization in karst drainage ( ie, under the condition of the virtuous ecological environment and the available technology, the explorable amount of water resources in certain areas is capacity and limitation which is able to coordinate the development of population, enviroment and economy during the period of low flow seasons ) and preliminarily analyzed its connotation, characteristic and established the index system of low flow in karst drainage

    三是根據影響喀斯特流域枯水徑流的下墊面因素（空間尺度、巖性、地貌類型、植被） ，分別對峰叢和峰林等喀斯特地區建立枯水徑流預測模型。根據喀斯特流域枯水資源的空間變化規律以及實際開發利用狀況，首次提出了枯水資源承載力的概念，即在枯水季節期間，保持良性的生態環境和現有的技術條件下，某一區域內可開採的水資源量對支持該地區人口、經濟與環境協調發展的能力和限度。並初步分析了枯水資源承載力的內涵、特性，從水資源的供需方面確立了喀斯特流域枯水資源承載力的指標體系。
  11. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  12. And then, thesis explicates the reasons of the difference from five aspects including natural resource, area conditions, labor conditions, technical conditions and industry structure. furthermore, the thesis points out that the sustainable utilization of natural resource, the adjustment of labor structure, improvement of labor qualities, the employment of advanced science and technology and reasonable industry structure are critical to the improvement of rural economy ' s integral, power and comprehensive competition. at last, this thesis puts forwards a series of policies and countermeasures, such as accelerating urbanization of villages of villages to develop increasing pole, enchanting agricultural, industrialization to strengthen the industry foundation, improving the help and development policies to the poor to strengthen the district economic cooperation and the coordination effect by decreasing the limits of the poor, and so on, which can encourage each area display its advantage and supply what the other needs and make the rural economy coordinated and commonly flourishing

    根據分析結果將11個市劃分為省內發達區域、中等發達區域和不發達區域三種類型，將138個縣（市）劃分為由高到低七個等級；對差異產生的原因從自然資源、區位條件、勞動力條件、技術條件、產業結構等五個方面進行了系統探討；並從更深層次上指出，土地等自然資源的可持續利用，勞動力構成優化、素質提高，先進科學技術的適用，產業結構的合理布局等對農村經濟的整體實力和綜合競爭力的提高起決定性的作用；最後，在河北省農村經濟協調發展的角度，提出了「因地制宜，揚長避短；優勢互補，共同發展」的指導思想和「鼓勵先進，鞭策后勁；區域聯動，全面協調」的基本原則，並進一步提出了加大小城建設? ?培養增長極，推進農業產業化經營? ?強化產業基礎，改善扶貧開發政策? ?降低后勁制約以及加強區域經濟聯合? ?增強協調效應等綜合措施。
  13. The main topic of this dissertation was the management element allocation of agricultural enterprises ( meaae ) from the theoretical study and empirical study, and put forward the allocation system, which included the strategy decision - making institution of agricultural enterprises, property right institution, the allocation institution of human resources, optimized market institution, law, investment and financing institution, the function change of government under the background of changing market at home and abroad after china " entry to wto. the dissertation analyses the problems of lower allocation efficiency in agricultural operation such as : lower liquidity of management element, the separate management, small - lot production, the influence of the new agricultural management element to agricultural economy, the lag of allocated system and model for agricultural enterprises management element based on the producing ability and economic base that were formed during twenty years of agricultural reform and d evelopment.

    本文以我國加入世界貿易組織后引發的國內外市場環境變化為研究背景，立足於我國農業改革發展二十多年形成的生產能力和經濟基礎，針對我國農業經營中存在的經營要素缺乏必要流動、經營要素分散、細碎化配置等引起低效率配置問題，以及新型農業經營要素對農業經濟的影響和農業企業經營要素配置機制、模式等研究嚴重滯后的現狀，從理論和實證兩方面系統研究了不同類型農業企業經營要素配置制度，提出了以農業企業戰略決策制度、產權制度和人力資源配置制度為主要內容，配套優化市場制度、法律制度、投融資制度及政府職能轉換等外部環境的農業企業經營要素配置制度體系。
  14. The production management section expounds some methods of the production classified management and the dynamic management, on the base of the analysis of reservoir value, it gives a control model. the cost control section uses the headstream control idea, introduces the classified cost management and the dynamic supervision model. the benefits evaluation section introduces the principle and the index system of the economic benefits evaluation, then it describes some evaluate methods of wells, cut stages and crews separately

    生產管理模式中分別講述了生產分類、分級管理和動態管理等方法，在油藏價值分析的基礎上建立產量控制模型；成本控制管理部分運用了源頭控制的思想，介紹了成本分類、分級控制和成本動態監控模型；在效益評價部分，介紹了經濟效益評價的原則、指標體系，分別闡述了單井、區塊和採油隊的經濟效益評價方法。
  15. The thesis includes three sections : the first section discusses main opinions of financial distress, three characteristics of financial distress and types of financial distress according to three different criterions ; section two reviews the distress management theories, explains five functions that financial distress managements should have and creates the system of financial distress management including forecast of financial distress and solving of financial distress ; the last section illuminates the details of how to predict financial distress and how to solve financial problems. this article research is embarks from the financial distress basic concept, with the aid of the enterprise distress management theory, carries on in under the finance distress management frame. including three parts of contents : the first part mainly elaborated domestic and foreign about

    文章從財務危機的基本概念出發，藉助企業危機管理理論，在財務危機管理系統中進行研究，包括三部分內容:第一部分闡述了國內外學者關于財務危機的主要觀點，在詳細描述財務危機這一經濟現象之後，歸納出財務危機的典型特徵，並按照三種標準分類剖析財務危機;文章的第二部分，首先回顧了危機管理理論，在此基礎上抽象出財務危機管理應具備的五項職能，並勾勒出企業財務危機管理系統的框架體系，明確了企業財務危機應對屬于財務危機管理的事中控制環節，它包括財務危機預警和財務危機處理兩個過程。
  16. Moreover, this thesis analyses the trends of development of chinese crime phenomena, and emphasizes the study of the relation of the economy globalization and the crime internationalization, the relation of the knowledge economy and the high - tech, the trend of the criminal behavior from urban to rural, the temporary criminal personality of underage criminal, the community remedy of ticket - of - leave men and probation, the precautionary measures of victimless crime. this thesis tries to show the clarity prospect of the chinese crime phenomena types system, master the characters and trends of chinese crime phenomena, service the studying of criminal cause and criminal countermeasure, aim at making some fundamental study for the security and stabilization of chinese society

    此外，還進一步分析了我國犯罪現象未來的發展趨勢，就經濟全球化時代與犯罪國際化趨勢、知識經濟時代與犯罪的高科技化趨勢、犯罪活動由城市向廣大農村輻射趨勢、未成年犯罪人的臨時犯罪人格、假釋犯與緩刑犯的社區矯正、無被害人犯罪的防控措施等問題進行了深入探討，力圖展現我國犯罪現象類型體系的清晰圖譜，把握我國犯罪現象的特徵與趨勢，為研究犯罪原因和制定犯罪對策充分服務，為我國社會的長治久安做基礎性的研究工作。
  17. Marine ecosystem structure has also been changed and the fishery has shifted from catching large predatory fishes to small trash fishes and invertebrates, which are resistant to heavy fishing cheung 2001

    另一方面，海洋生態系統結構亦已改變，漁獲亦從大型的捕食性魚類，轉變為那些較能抵抗密集捕魚體型細小無經濟效益的雜魚類及無脊椎生物cheung 2001
  18. Under the circumstances of the increasingly mature socialist market economy, it is of great urgency that china agriculture transtform from traditional agriculture to a modern one. during the course of this transformation, it is inevitable that the stage of specialized production should emerge. the further development of specialized production will lead to agricultural socialization and the same time we should build and perfect the corresponding service system of agricultural socialization. on the basis of the preliminary approach to connotation of specialized production, agricultural socialization and service system of agricultural socialization, the author not only combines on - the - spot investigation of luwan country pei county with his paper but also analyses the present characteristics of agricultural specialized production, the service system of agricultural socialization, the problems of the current development, the obstacles to further development. at last, some countermeasures are put forward

    在市場經濟體制確立和逐漸完善的形勢下，我國農業從傳統農業向現代農業轉化顯得刻不容緩.在這一轉化過程中，專業化生產是必然要經歷的階段，而專業化生產的進一步發展又必然會導致農業的產業化，同時還要健全和完善相應的社會化服務體系.本文結合對沛縣鹿灣鄉的實地考察，力求從宏觀和微觀兩個層面上對農業專業化生產作系統研究，在初步探討農業專業化生產、社會化服務體系和農業產業化的內涵及其相互關系的基礎上，明確當前農業專業化生產的類型和現狀特徵、對農民觀念、心理和行為特徵，農產品市場與風險等桎梏農業專業化生產發展的因素作了系統分析，並提出相應對策
  19. For instances : setting up a given tourism destination and trying to establish a kind of numeric relation between tourism development and crime rate ; whether the relation of tourism and crime be or not, the relation is inevitable or accidental ; the negative effect to the society and economy brought by the growth of tourism ; different tourists " behavior and the possibility that they could be victims, and etc. the article, basing on the particularity of tourism and integrating with some relative knowledge of criminology, definitely put forward the conception of tourism crime and tourism criminology, moreover, it also build up the elementary system of this discipline

    但是，迄今為止，學術界的研究還比較片面，大多限於某個層次的研究，如：試圖尋找特定旅遊目的地旅遊業發展與犯罪之間的數字關系；旅遊與犯罪是否存在相互關系，其關系是必然的還是偶然的；旅遊業發展對社會和經濟造成的負面影響；不同類型旅遊者的行為模式及其成為受害人的可能性；旅遊目的地激發犯罪的環境因素等。本文從旅遊活動的特殊性出發，結合犯罪學的相關基礎理論知識，明確提出了旅遊犯罪和旅遊犯罪學的概念，並初步構建了旅遊犯罪學的學科體系。
  20. This is so both on the microeconomic level, addressing problems specific to particular sectors of the economy, and on the macroeconomic level, although we must be conscious of the shortcomings of using macroeconomic policy in this manner for an economy as externally oriented as hong kong s

    政府對通縮現象的理解對其制定政策亦非常重要：在微觀經濟層面，政府能針對個別經濟環節的具體問題來定出對策在宏觀經濟層面亦如是。不過，對于香港這類外向型經濟體系，我們必須明白利用宏觀經濟政策來解決通縮，存在一定的限制。
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