賠償責任范圍 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [péichángzérènfànwéi]
賠償責任范圍 英文
area of liability
  • 賠 : 動詞1. （賠償） compensate; pay for 2. （做買賣虧本錢） stand a loss
  • 償 : 動詞1. （歸還; 抵補） repay; compensate for 2. （滿足） meet; fulfil
  • 責 : Ⅰ名詞（責任） duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 （要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準） demand; ask for; req...
  • 任 : 任名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 范 : 名詞1 [書面語] （模子） pattern; mould; matrix 2 （模範; 榜樣） model; example 3 （范圍） boundar...
  • 圍 : Ⅰ動詞1 （四周攔擋起來 使裡外不通; 環繞） enclose; surround; corral 2 （繞; 裹） wrap Ⅱ名詞1 （四...
  • 賠償 : compensate for; make compensation; pay for; satisfaction; penalty; reparation
  • 責任 : 1. （應做的事） duty; responsibility 2. （應承擔的過失） responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
  • 范圍 : scope; limits; extent; boundary; confines; range; range dimension; spectrum
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. Nevertheless, there shall be no such exoneration or reduction if, in the case of the fault of a servant or agent, the person who suffers the damage proves that his servant or agent was acting outside the scope of his authority

    但是，損害是由於受害人的受僱人、代理人的過錯造成時，受害人證明其受僱人、代理人的行為超出其所授權的范圍的，不免除或者不減輕應當承擔責任的人的賠償責任。
  3. The injurer not only injures the body, health and life of the injured, but also hurts the spirits of the injured by conducting the injury intentionally or negligently. it consults advanced experience that legislate abroad at the same time propose about perfecting of our country spiritual damages compensation several point of system legislate to be proposed

    文章重點結合最高人民法院《關于確定民事侵權精神損害賠償責任若干問題的解釋》 ，闡述了精神損害賠償的范圍，研究了精神損害賠償金額確定的原則和計算方法，參考國外立法例以及我國現行精神損害賠償制度存在的不足之處，提出了關于完善我國精神損害賠償制度的幾點立法建議。
  4. As to the main points that constitute the responsibility of compensation for spiritual damage, four aspects are included : first, aggression upon one ' s spirit is the presupposition of the infringer ' s taking the responsibility of compensation for spiritual damages ; second, a certain case of spiritual damages is the infringer ' s taking the responsibility of compensation for spiritual damages ; third, the infringer ' s the subjective fault ( intentional or negligent ) is the subjective condition of the infringer ' s taking the responsibility of compensation for spiritual damages ; last, the relationship between the infringer " s action and the case " s consequence should be that between cause and effect, which is the causality condition

    就精神損害賠償責任的構成要件來說，它包括四個方面的內容：第一，精神損害侵權行為是行為人承擔精神損害賠償責任的前提；第二，一定的精神損害事實和後果是承擔精神損害民事責任的客觀要件；第三，侵害人主觀上有過錯（故意和過失）是承擔精神損害賠償責任的主觀條件；第四，精神損害行為和損害後果之間有因果關系是承擔精神損害賠償責任的必要條件。對于精神損害賠償的范圍，世界各國的立法規定大不一樣。
  5. The third chapter of the article mainly studies issues concerning determination of the liability for medical damages. firstly, it elaborates factors to be considered in determination of the liability for medical damages and grounds for exemption. meanwhile, it points out that medical institutions should compensate for other damage besides medical accident, and exemption clauses in medical contracts is invalid

    第三章主要研究有關確定醫療損害賠償責任的幾個問題，分析了確定醫療損害賠償責任應當考慮的因素和免責事由，提出醫療機構對醫療事故以外的損害也應當賠償，醫患雙方約定的免責條款無效，繼而明確了醫療損害賠償的范圍，討論了損害賠償數額的計算方法和標準以及損害賠償金的支付方式。
  6. If the loss or damage to the goods is caused by the intentional act or fault of the insured, or arising from inherent vice or normal loss of the insured goods or delay in transit, or falling under the liability of the consignor, the insurance company is not liable to pay for the loss

    如果貨物的損失或損壞是由於投保人故意行為或過錯所致，或是由於保險標的物固有的毛病和正常耗損所引起的，或是在運輸途中延誤，屬于承運人的責任范圍，那麼保險公司不負責賠償損失。
  7. The scope of compensation in case of the formation failure of a contract, invalidity of a contract, contract being cancelled, and other pre - contract obligations is studied on the basis of the previous discussion

    在此基礎上，文章具體研究了合同不成立、合同無效、合同被撤銷的情況下，以及違反其它先合同義務時的具體賠償責任范圍問題。
  8. Long with the development of the modern administration method, guarantees morely to the private benefits, request the nation undertake more indemnification duty, for this, the nation compensates the indemnification scope of the method to expand increasingly, this have become a fact for not undeniable fact. but conduct and actions the nation compensates the composing important item of the method, coming to a decision the breadth that compensate the scope directly narrow. this text around the nation compensates the composing important item of the duty, distinguishing from carry out the job behavior and return the principle of responsibilities, spirit indemnity to launch the treatise with duty exception four problems. pass to talk about to proceed the introduction, compare to the advanced method in abroad academic theories, analysis, analyze at the same time our country the nation compensates the shortage of the method, conceiving at from now on, our country the nation compensates the method how to proceed the mo dification perfect, with betterly conformance the development current that nation indemnification, expand gradually nation indemnification the scope of the duty, betterly the benefits of the opposite person in protection

    本文圍繞著國家賠償責任的構成要件，分別從執行職務行為、歸責原則、精神損害賠償和責任例外四個問題展開論述。通過對國外先進法學理論進行介紹、比較、評析，同時分析我國國家賠償法中的不足，設想在今後，我國國家賠償法如何進行修改和完善，以更好地順應國家賠償的發展潮流，逐步拓展國家賠償責任的范圍，更好地保護相對人的權益。執行職務行為是國家賠償責任構成要件的首要內容，在理論界和司法實踐中，爭論最多、難度最大的是關于職務行為和個人行為的區分問題，以及公安行政行為和刑事偵查行為的區分問題。
  9. This article focuses on the history development of the compensation system for spiritual damages, the main points that constitute the responsibility of compensation for spiritual damages, the scope of compensation for spiritual damages, the identification of compensation for spiritual damages, etc. in terms of the world, the history development of compensation for spiritual damages has generally experienced three stages, namely the rudimentary stage of ancient law, the forming stage of modern law and the perfecting stage of contemporary law

    本文著重就精神損害賠償的歷史發展，精神損害賠償責任的構成要件，精神損害賠償的范圍，精神損害賠償金的確定等問題進行了初步的探討和研究，並對如何完善我國的有關立法提出了建議。精神損害賠償的歷史發展演變，從世界范圍來看，大體經歷了三個階段，即古代法的萌芽時期、近代法的形成時期和現代法的完備時期。
  10. Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law

    第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。
  11. In order to balance equity and efficiency and realize balance mechanism, the company legislation should construct a double system of encouraging and holding : widen plaintiff and appeilee qualification ; ease the cost of plaintiff to depress sill of shareholders deputy litigation ; establish preceding procedure and litigation cost guarantee system ; restrain dealing right og plaintiff shareholders ; defini

    為了兼顧公平與效率，公司立法應當努力構築良好的激勵和約束的雙重機制:告資格，置程序，擴大被告范圍，減輕原告的費用負擔，以降低股東代表訴訟的門檻;放寬原設立前設立訴訟費用擔保制度，限制原告股東的處分權利，明確股東敗訴時的賠償責任，以防止股東代表訴訟的濫用。
  12. The content of basic clauses is sure to differ somewhat according to person insurance and belongings, the basic clauses of person insurance contract basically includes : liability of amount of time limit of insurance object, insurance, insurance and insurance premium, insurance, except responsibility, cast the application that keeps gold of formalities, insurance and to pay wait for content ; the basic clauses of property insurance contract basically includes : processing of the computation of amount of responsibility of the limits of insurance belongings, extent of liability, except, insurance and indemnity, compensation and any other business

    基本保險條款的內容根據人身保險和財產保險不同有所不同，人身保險合同的基本保險條款主要包括：保險對象、保險期限、保險金額和保險費、保險責任、除外責任、投保手續、保險金的申請與給付等內容；財產保險合同的基本保險條款主要包括：保險財產的范圍、責任范圍、除外責任、保險金額與賠償金額的計算、賠償處理以及其他事項。
  13. The insurer pay for fire cause by default of electrical wires, energy supply fault of the vehicle itself ; this insurance does not cover for fire cause by outer hazards

    負責賠償保險車輛因本車電器、線路、供油系統發生故障及運載貨物自身原因起火燃燒，造成保險車輛的損失；而由於外界火災導致車輛著火的，不屬于自燃損失險責任范圍。 。
  14. Ii ) the causality between the medical service and the damage is another substantial element. in medical area, the causality has its own characteristics

    應考慮到醫學的特點及患者本身的體質情況，對損害責任及賠償責任范圍與過失之間的因果關系進行具體分析。
  15. （ b ） corporation shall only indemnify the purchaser in respect of the infringement, or claim of any infringement, of patent by the accessories, equipment and parts not manufactured exclusively to corporation ' s detailed design, but incorporated into the equipment, in the same manner, to the same extent and with the same limitations as the respective manufacturers of such accessories, equipment and parts indemnify corporation therefore and provided, in each case, that the indemnity obtained by corporation from the manufacturer shall be assignable to the purchaser, corporation shall use all reasonable efforts to obtain from its venders and suppliers the most favorable indemnity protection for the purchaser hereunder

    公司將按以下所規定的條件，保護買方免予承擔因按本協議購買設備而侵犯或被指控侵犯美國專利（非其他專利或權利）的任何賠償責任，本協議第14條（責任范圍）所羅列的間接損害或以外損害責任除外，只屬公司所有，且涉及沒完全按公司設計圖製造的附件、設備或零件的專利保護由本條第2款另行具體規定。
  16. The theories include : character of the employer ' s duty, namely it is the impinging rights " duty, not contract duty ; principles of the employer ' s returning responsibility, namely it exists the engage relation between the employer and the employee, and the reason of employee ' s hurt is happened in the scope of implementing principleship and is the enterprise ' s trouble, and also four important terms of the employer not being dismissed the duty

    包括：僱主對雇員工傷事故賠償責任的性質，即這種責任為侵權責任，而非契約責任；僱主對雇員工傷事故賠償責任的歸責原則，即為無過錯歸責原則；僱主對雇員工傷事故賠償責任的構成，即僱主與雇員之間存在雇傭關系、雇員是在執行職務范圍內受害、企業事故是雇員損害的原因以及僱主須沒有免責事由四個要件。
  17. 3 additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party s liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially

    有關貨物價格付款貨物質量和數量交貨地點和時間一方當事人對另一方當事人的賠償責任范圍或解決爭端等等的添加或不同條件，均視為在實質上變更發價的條件。
  18. Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party ' s liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially

    有關貨物價格、付款、貨物質量和數量、交貨地點和時間、一方當事人對另一方當事人的賠償責任范圍或解決爭端等等的添加或不同條件，均視為在實質上變更發盤的條件。
  19. However, according to the bifurcated approach to problems of causation, the scope of damages that defined by the " cause in fact " is provided with the probability of enlargement infinitely and uncertainty, so it is necessary to restrict the scope of damages by some legal means within the meaning of techniques of law. meantime, it is unfair that the risk of transaction is only undertaked by the defaulting party, so it is necessary to make use of some legal means to delimit the reasonable damages for the defaulting party

    首先，筆者提出：根據全部賠償原則，違約方應賠償因其違約行為給合同債權人造成的所有損害，而借用國外學者關于因果關系二分法的觀點，該「事實上的因果關系」所劃定的損害賠償范圍具有無限擴大的可能性和不確定性，因此從法技術講，就有必須要利用一些法律手段對該賠償范圍予以限界；同時，交易活動本身固有的風險單由合同違約方承擔也是不公平的，因此也有必要利用一些法律手段為違約方劃定一個合理的賠償責任范圍。
  20. This paper aims at studying the carrier ' s liability regime in the carriage of goods by waterway in china, elaborates the main contents of the carrier ' s liability regime including the period of responsibility, rules of liability, scope of liability, limitation of liability and non - contractual clai7m with the methods of comparative analysis, normative analysis, positive analysis and combining national law with international law

    本文以我國水路貨物運輸承運人責任制度為研究對象，運用比較分析的研究方法，並適當採用規范分析、實證分析、國內法與國際法相結合的論證方法，對承運人責任制度的主要內容，包括責任期間、歸責原則、賠償責任范圍、責任限制以及非合同之訴等問題進行了系統闡述。
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