預測成本準則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùcèchéngběnzhǔnzé]
預測成本準則 英文
forecast cost standards
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 測 : 動詞1. （測量） survey; fathom; measure 2. （測度; 推測） conjecture; infer
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 準 : Ⅰ名詞1 （標準） standard; guideline; criterion; norm 2 （目標） aim; target Ⅱ動詞1 （依據; 依照）...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 預測 : calculate; forecast; prognosis; divine; forecasting; foreshadowing; predetermination
  • 準則 : norm; standard; criterion; rule; formula; square
  1. To accurately predict forming limit, a criterion to reflect material performance in essence was indispensable besides increasing the fea model accuracy

    為了準確地預測成形極限，除了提高有限元模擬精度外，應找到一種本質地反映材料性能的韌性斷裂準則。
  2. Secondly in enterprise valuation cost method should proceed with book value of the financial statement, regard market value as adjusting orientation and reduce application range of cost method. when income method is adopted, four principles should be paid attention to : a : stage - by - stage income model should be used which is made by early stage income current value added by later stage income increase. b : net profit and net cash flow should be the majority of income volume

    其次為：企業價值評估採用成本法應從財務報表的賬面價值入手、以市場價值為調整目標、減少成本法的應用范圍；採用收益法應以前期收益現值加後期收益額遞增的分階段收益模型，收益額以凈利潤、現金凈流量為主，收益預測以企業未來發展潛力分析為前提的銷售收入預測為主導，折現率堅持不低於無風險報酬率等四項原則，系數以回歸方程的測算為主；市場法中參照物企業選取應以同行業企業為基準、擴大數據來源，注重評估比率可靠性驗證、利用多種比率的配合等。
  3. The two categories have different directions. the dividend based on traditional finance is based on efficient market hypothesis. the dividend based on behavioral finance lead the psychology into the theory to explain the dividend policy 。 the dividend policy based on emh ( the efficient markets hypothesis ) face puzzle : 1 dollar cash dividend has no difference with 1dollar capital gain, in fact the investor pay no attention to the listed firms which do not distribute dividend. why so many listed firms make the decision to distribute dividend even cash dividend is taxed by 20 % and stock dividend is exemption from tax. why the price of the stock rise when the company make the decision to distribute dividend. the dividend policy based on emh do not rationally explain the puzzle of dividend

    通過尋求西方傳統和現代股利理論的研究軌跡，本文認為公司股利理論體系可以劃分為基於標準金融學的股利理論和基於行為金融學的股利理論兩大類。兩者的研究出發點和研究角度各有不同。標準金融學的股利政策理論是建立在有效市場假說和理性經濟人基礎之上的，而股利行為理論則引入社會學和心理學等學科的研究成果來闡釋和論證股利政策，從微觀個體的行為以及產生該行為的更深層次心理、社會動機來解釋、研究和預測個體心理決策程序對股利政策的影響以及如何運用心理學和金融原理來改善決策行為。
  4. Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

    通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。
  5. Taking in - situ toughened silicon nitride as a design object, principle component analysis ( pca ) is applied to study the microstructure and mechanical properties, to find out the main microstructure controlling factors, and to simplify the characterization variables and criterions ; fuzzy neural networks ( fnns ) is also applied to develop a design expert system for this material, which can realize the forward prediction from processing, microstructure to mechanical properties, and backward design from mechanical properties or microstructure to processing ; monte - carlo method is applied to simulate the grain growth of this material, and then crack propagation is simulated, which is another way based on physics and chemistry to developing prediction models from processing until to mechanical properties

    本文以自增韌氮化硅陶瓷為設計對象，運用主成分分析法（ principlecomponentanalysis ： pca ）對自增韌si _ 3n _ 4陶瓷的顯微結構和力學性能進行數據空間降維，獲得自增韌si _ 3n _ 4陶瓷顯微結構控制的主要因素，進而簡化了表徵參量變量和準則；運用模糊神經網路（ fuzzyneuralnetworks ： fnn ）建立了自增韌si _ 3n _ 4陶瓷設計專家系統，能實現工藝?微結構?性能的正向預測及反向設計；運用monte - carlo方法（ mc ）進行自增韌si _ 3n _ 4陶瓷的晶體生長模擬，然後進行裂紋擴展模擬，探索建立工藝?微結構?力學性能預測模型的思路。
  6. In this thesis, we make an assessment and prediction of the performance of the structure with reference to the two theories of time - variably reliability and condition states and achieve favorable results, in the meanwhile, we established the relationship between condition states and maintenance cost, to optimize bridge life circle maintenance and set up objective optimization function and bridge maintenance safety provisions so as to meet the requirement of a reliable life circle structure and guarantee the least cost of maintenance for the bridge structure in its life circle

    文章利用時變可靠度的理論和條件等級思想的兩種理論對結構的性能進行評估和預測，並且收到較好的效果。同時，確定了結構條件等級同維護成本之間的關系。將橋梁壽命周期維護進行最優化決策，根據目標優化函數和橋梁維護安排準則:滿足壽命周期內結構可靠性的要求，同時保證橋梁結構在其壽命周期內其維護成本最小。
  7. Abstract according to the defect of the conventional bayes " method in the geomechanical engineering back analysis, expanding bayes " method was established in this paper. with the applications of the probability theory and the mathematical statistics principle, the geomechanical engineering random back analysis objects function was founded based on the aic criterion of the decision information theory and the maximum entropy criterion, a the matching question between the observed information and the previous information of the conventional bayes " method were proposed. in addition, the least square method, maximum likelihood method and conventional bayes " method were unified in form

    本文針對巖土工程反分析中使用的傳統貝葉斯法中存在的缺陷，提出了擴展貝葉斯法，從概率論和數理統計的原理出發，建立了基於決策信息論中aic準則和最大熵準則的巖土工程隨機反演的準則函數，解決了傳統貝葉斯法的觀測信息與先驗信息的匹配問題，並從形式上完成了目前常用的最小二乘法、最大似然法及傳統貝葉斯法準則函數的統一，並可由觀測數據的質量和數量進行預測模型的辨識。
  8. This paper introduces the basic ideas of software testing from the techniques and the process of software testing, persistent software testing, adequate criteria of software testing and so on. then, this paper discusses some problems in software testing, including automated path - wise test data generation, test oracle, automated expected results generation, regression testing and so on. at last, this paper explores the development tendency of software testing, such as component testing, software testability, design by contract for testability in components and web services testing

    從軟體測試的技術與過程持續的軟體測試軟體測試的充分性準則等方面簡要介紹軟體測試的基本思想討論軟體測試中的若干問題，包括面向路徑的測試數據自動生成測試預言期望結果的自動生成回歸測試等並且探討軟體測試的發展趨勢，包括構件測試軟體的易測試性與基於合約的構件易測試性設計和web services測試等。
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