exchange economy 中文意思是什麼
exchange economy
解釋
交換經濟-
Abidance by honesty, faith, just competition, equivalent exchange, opposing monopolization and other morals criterion are also inside request of market economy
遵守誠實守信、公平競爭、等價交換、反對壟斷等道德規范也是市場經濟的內在要求。 -
Execute floating rate to make the wave motion that is helpful for carrying exchange rate adjust economy, also be helpful for promoting international trade, especially below the situation that the foreign currency of centrally bank and gold reserve can ' t keep fixed exchange rate, execute floating rate to make relatively advantageous to economy, also can ban illegal foreign currency blackmarket to trade at the same time, but floating rate makes the stability that goes against domestic economy and international economy impact, activity of meeting aggravate economy
實行浮動匯率制有利於通過匯率的波動來調節經濟，也有利於促進國際貿易，尤其在中心銀行的外匯與黃金儲備不足以維持固定匯率的情況下，實行浮動匯率制對經濟較為有利，同時也能取締非法的外匯黑市交易，但浮動匯率制不利於國內經濟和國際經濟關系的穩定，會加劇經濟活動。 -
At present, our country enact the defined interest rate policy, the interest rate is not marketed, but our country reinforce market economy, the method of government debt bond market clean price trade is adopted, the government bond debt index of the stock exchange institution of shanghai, the usage of the usa bid in the government debt bond market, the market factors are more and more t influence the government debt bond market benefit, the marketed interest rate is on the agenda
現階段，我國實行利率管制，利率沒有市場化，但我國實行市場經濟，目前國債市場採用凈價交易，我國的國債法即將出臺，上海證券交易所的國債指數運行，國債發行市場美國招標使用，國債發行流通日益市場化，市場因素越來越在國債市場發揮巨大作用，利率市場化已經走上了日程。 -
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
" to work well, the currency board needs the support of a strong financial system, a strong fiscal policy, and a flexible economy, which can adjust to shocks without having the exchange rate as a policy tool. having large excess reserves of foreign exchange also helps, " dr fischer said
他說：若要貨幣發行局制度有效運作，就必須有穩健的金融體系有力的財政政策，及靈活的經濟作為後盾，在面對經濟沖擊時，即使沒有匯率這項政策工具，經濟也能迅速作出調整。 -
Market economic order refers to a status how the market main bodies can reduce the exchange expense and gain the best benefit through regulating the behaviors of the negotiants. it is an important factor that influences the growth of economy and the stability of society
市場經濟秩序是指通過規范商品交易主體之間的行為，以實現降低市場總體交易費用和最佳利益的的組合狀態，它是影響經濟發展和社會穩定的重要因素。 -
Capital flight does much harm to chinese economy, which lies in the following aspects : first, capital flees abroad always accompanying with state - owned capital ' s fleeing, and contraband, vendition of poison, money - laundering, foreign exchange and tax evasion and so on, it is the warm bed of badger hat and the cancer of market economy
本章從國際資本流動分析入手，對國內外學術界關于「資本外逃」的觀點進行了概括和闡述，並且提出了新的概念，賦予了新的內涵，同時介紹了國際經濟界關于資本外逃問題五種不同的測算方法。第二部分，資本外逃類型的比較分析。 -
Continued, genuine concern about the very large balance of payments deficit of the us has, more recently, been shadowed by the generally pessimistic outlook for the economy of major countries in euroland, to the extent that a fairly significant correction has been seen in the exchange rate of the euro
必然想到的問題。美國國際收支逆差相當嚴重，持續令人感到憂慮，但這被市場近期對歐元區主要國家的悲觀經濟前景憂慮蓋過，致令歐元匯價出現頗大幅度的調整。 -
The defensive actions prevented a meltdown of the economy and saved hong kong s linked exchange rate to the us dollar under the currency board system from collapse
這些捍?行動化解了一場經濟危機，而且保?了在貨幣發行局制度下的港元與美元聯系匯率。 -
The reconstructing of enterprises to stock companies and the negotiable securites exchange in the market after they come into being are revolution of chinese economy system, which has the meaning of lining out the era. the thesis is based on the transformation of chinese accounting target, and challenges to the questions of accounting information quality. on the influence of accounting rule internationalization and other aspects. the thesis affirm sufficiently the great driving function to which stock system gives in chinese accounting idea progress, at the same time it disclose the transformation background of chinese accounting system and its main content
企業股份制改造和股份公司成立后進入市場進行證券交易，是我國經濟體制的一次具有劃時代意義的大變革，同時也有力地推動了我國會計制度的變革。本文首先從我國會計目標的轉變、會計信息質量受到挑戰、具體會計準則的產生、會計思想與國際接軌等方面，充分肯定了股份制對我國會計思想的發展所起到的巨大推動作用，也在另一方面顯示了會計準則制度制定的時滯性，揭示了我國會計制度改革的背景和主要內容。 -
There is nevertheless considerable capital inflow partly to take advantage of direct investment opportunities there, as the economy continues to boom, and partly to speculate on an exchange rate appreciation
但由於內地經濟繼續蓬勃發展，吸引不少資金流入，一部分受內地的直接投資機會所吸引，另一部分是因傳言匯率可能上調的影響。 -
As i have mentioned before, the mainland economy and its current account do not seem to be that sensitive to changes in the exchange rate. under a flexible exchange rate system, one should therefore not expect the current account surplus to be resolved by exchange rate appreciation alone
如我以往所言，內地經濟及經常帳似乎對匯率變動不大敏感，因此在具彈性的匯率制度下，我們不應期望單單透過匯率升值就可以解決經常帳盈餘的問題。 -
Most of the theories above are focused on the study of the relationship between the exchange rate arrangement and macro economy performance, neglecting the links with the financial crisis
這些理論大多偏重於對匯率制度與宏觀經濟運行關系的研究，忽略了匯率制度與金融危機關系的研究。 -
Exchange rate is important variable of one country ' s macro economy. it has significant influence, which is realized through material exchange rate arrangement, on economy circulating - - especially under open economy
匯率是一國宏觀經濟的重要變量，對經濟運行特別是開放條件下的經濟運行具有重要的影響，而這種影響又是通過具體的匯率制度安排實現的。 -
The past economic development of east asia countries and their present conditions show that the existing exchange rate arrangement has hindered the development of east asia economy in the long run and would initiate new financial crisis
東亞國家和地區經濟發展的歷史和現實也表明，目前的匯率制度安排已明顯地制約了東亞區域經濟的長遠發展，並可能引發新的金融危機。 -
This reflects sino - america economic and trade friction continually, and the up - grade scale of frictions as well as the diverse forms of issues on antidumping, farm products, textiles, protection of intellectual property, rmb exchange rate issues and etc. this is not only bad to sino - america economic and trade relation, but also influents the development of chinese economy badly
目前中美經貿摩擦不斷，已經成為制約中美經貿關系發展的主要障礙，中國政府為減少中美經貿摩擦在相關領域做出積極的努力並取得了一定的成績，中美經貿關系進一步發展存在巨大潛力。最後，為進一步改善中美經貿關系，文章提出了五點建議。 -
" the events of 11 september and their aftermath added pressures and uncertainties to an already slowing global economy. the exchange fund continued to make very high gains in the bond markets
任志剛說：九一一事件及其引發的影響，對原本已在放緩的全球經濟帶來更多壓力及不明朗因素。 -
As an very important variable in the international financial field, the exchange rate determines the inner equilibrium of an economy, and it ' s outer equilibrium as well
匯率是國際金融的一個重要變量，它不僅影響著一國經濟的對內均衡，也決定了一國經濟的對外均衡。 -
According to the iron law of open economy, so - called " impossible trinity ", china adapted a fixed exchange rate, relatively strict capital control and highly independent monetary policy, which meant to give up some degree of monetary policy independence in exchange for limited capital flows
在開放經濟的「三元沖突」中，中國選擇了固定匯率、較嚴格的資本管制和較大的貨幣政策獨立性，即用少量貨幣政策獨立性的喪失換取有限度的資本流動。 -
Under the opening economy condition, the exchange rate not only is a variable that affects the trade revenue and expenditure, but also becomes an important variable that affects macroeconomic policy of a country, international balances of payments, the domestic price level and the employment. exchange rate system influences monetary policy ultimate objective, and the currency supplies are not easy to control because that our country forces to complete a sale collects and the maintains exchange rate stably
在開放經濟條件下，匯率不僅是影響貿易收支的變量，而且成為影響一國宏觀經濟政策、國際收支平衡、國內物價水平和就業的重要變量。匯率制度影響貨幣政策最終目標，而且由於強制結售匯制度和維持匯率的穩定造成了貨幣中介目標貨幣供給量的內生性增強，外匯占款成為貨幣供給的主要渠道，大量外匯占款還改變了貨幣供給結構和貨幣政策傳導過程，加大了貨幣政策的操作難度。
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