pricing policy 中文意思是什麼

pricing policy 解釋
定價政策
  • pricing : 報價模式的案例練習
  • policy : n 1 政策，政綱；方針，方向；方法。2 策略；權謀；智慧；精明的行為。3 【軍事】政治，行政。4 〈蘇格...
  1. The dissimilation of predatory pricing and competition policy

    掠奪性定價行為的異化及其競爭策略研究
  2. In a word, it presents a comprehensive and systemic analysis on mbo in china and foreign countries, from the followly fire aspects : the background of mba, the policy environment, the objective firms, the pricing methods, the financing system, find out differences of mba and the causes of them, and combinating special eco - nomic environment and economic traces of our country, the author puts forward counterplan. these counterplans primarily include : from strengthening laws, enhancing the information to publish, culturing to agency and etc to come to perfect the mbo policy environment on our country ; defining objective firms of mbo in realm that the state - owned property is decided to withdraw ; with the clean property worth for the foundation, synthesize to consider managers " contribute and the value of control powers with company, and pass the market mechanism to come for right price of the objective firms ; pass growing the organization investor, creative financing tool and optimizing the assistant financial system, establishing the valid withdrawing way of financing etc to resolve the financing problem

    在此基礎上，論文從收購背景、政策環境、目標企業、定價方法、融資體制等五個方面對中外mbo做了全面系統的對比分析，找出了兩者的差異及原因，並結合我國特有的經濟環境和經濟軌跡，提出了相應的對策措施。這些對策主要包括：從健全法律法規、加強信息披露、培育中介機構等方面來完善我國mbo的政策環境；在國有資產決定退出的領域內對mbo的目標企業進行界定；以凈資產值為基礎，綜合考慮管理層貢獻和公司控制權兩個因素，通過市場機制來為目標公司正確定價；通過培育機構投資者、創新融資工具和優化配套金融制度、建立有效的融資的撤出渠道等來解決融資問題。
  3. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  4. Meanwhile, even with a clear intention to do so, the practice of lending, and the pricing of lending, in accordance with state policy and not the credit worthiness of the borrower takes time to get rid of

    與此同時，即使有明確的意向，但要改變按國家政策而非借款人的信貸質素批出貸款及釐定貸款息率的做法，仍需一段時間。
  5. Our pricing policy aims at producing a 35 % gross margin

    我們的定價政策目的在於贏得35 %的毛利潤。
  6. In the pricing of the participation policy, it is assumed that the expenses of participation policy are higher than the traditional products, so the insurance company distributes the policy holder according to the standards

    壽險公司的紅利分配隨壽險公司經營狀況的變化而變化，具有不確定性，但壽險公司一般向分紅保單持有人提供保證最低收益。
  7. Pricing digital products in electronic commerce should use dynamically a weighted linear additivity model to reflect their features especially the cost and consider the competitors ' pricing policy

    摘要電子商務環境下，針對數字產品的種種特徵，將競爭者的價格和數字產品的成本考慮到數字產品的定價中，採用帶有權重的線性相加模型確定價格。
  8. In this article, the author believes that japan is the target export market of cluft, while jinxi petrochemical company and jinzhou petrochemical company are the major rivals resulting from explaining the business of the company and its export situation along with the problems that exist in this respect, analyzing domestic business environment in the export of the petroleum coke including an account of the local petroleum coke export policy and export situation of the industry besides that of the major rivalry, analyzing the international environment covering also the international market structure, its salient points, the trend of market development and its behaviors. finally, the author briefs product policy, pricing policy, promotion policy and distribution policy in cluft ' s export of the petroleum coke. at present cluft should adjust product structure, guarantee product quality, strengthen after - sale service, maintain present price level, build up complete quote system as soon as possible, establish good public relations and suitable impelling system of the company, focus on end - user service, develop new customers and e - business to continuously eliminate the bottlenecks and create a more prosperous prospect in pet coke export

    通過闡述遼化聯貿公司企業概況及石油焦產品出口現狀和存在的問題；對國內經營環境包括國內石油焦產品出口政策、行業出口情況及國內競爭對手情況進行分析；對國際環境包括國際市場結構與特徵、國際市場發展趨勢及特徵等進行分析，作者最終確定了日本是遼化聯貿公司的目標市場，錦州石化分公司、錦西石化分公司是遼化聯貿公司的主要競爭對手，並提出在產品、價格、促銷及銷售渠道策略方面應採取調整產品結構、保證產品質量及加強售後服務；目前宜採取保價銷售的策略並應盡快形成完善的報價體系；建立良好的公共關系和激勵制度；著力做好終端銷售、大力開發新客戶等具體對策，從而不斷消除石油焦產品出口的「瓶頸」 ，創造遼化聯貿公司石油焦產品出口的新局面。
  9. This price difference is largely due to the lack of generic competition in the second - line market : there are presently no generic versions of tfv and only one generic version of lpv r. there are generic versions of enterocoated ddi, but they are not available in south africa and many other countries. the manufacturer bristol - myers squibb has refused to include enterocoated ddi in its differential pricing policy, making the drug much more expensive

    這個價格差異，是因為第二線藥物?場缺乏仿製藥的競爭：泰諾福韋目前尚未有仿製藥，洛匹那韋利托那韋只有一種仿製藥，地丹諾辛的腸溶劑型則在南非及許多國家找不到仿製藥，加上原創藥廠拒絕把地丹諾辛的腸溶劑型納入其差別定價的政策之內，令該藥價格更高。
  10. Lastly, according to the alteration feature of the hotel distribution environment, the thesis summarizes and propose some workable operation patterns and ideas, including establishing new business pattern, choosing the correct electronic distribution channels in line with the environment alteration, establishing customer oriented information providing system and reforming the pricing policy

    第三部分根據酒店分銷環境的這些變化特徵，歸納和提出了適合中國酒店業發展的一些可行的操作方式和理念，主要包括：建立適合電子分銷的新的商務模式，選擇符合分銷環境變化趨勢的分銷方式，建立面向顧客的信息提供機制以及改革價格策略。
  11. Only revenue sharing contract among the three can realize supply chain coordination under dynamic pricing policy

    分析發現，上述3種契約形式中，只有收益共享契約能夠實現零售商動態定價時供應鏈協調。
  12. A fully developed product sample can be used in terms of pricing policy, target market segment, advertising strategies, packaging, distribution channel, etc

    種成熟商品樣本可用於測試商品的定價策略、目標市場細分、廣告戰略、包裝、分銷渠道，等等。
  13. The extension of price discount policy quantity - price discount policy, can also realize supply chain coordination under dynamic pricing policy

    另外，價格折扣契約的變形數量價格折扣契約也可以實現零售商動態定價時供應鏈協調。
  14. Although aluminum prices remained volatile during the period, the market has absorbed and become better adjusted to the price increase prevailing since 2003. the cost - plus pricing policy continued to enable the group to manage its exposure to risks associated with aluminum price fluctuations

    雖然鋁價在回顧期間依然波動，但市場面對自二零零三年以來的價格攀升趨勢，已能消化此不利因素，調節能力較以往強。
  15. The cost - plus pricing policy enabled the group to continue managing its exposure to risks associated with aluminum price fluctuations

    集團的成本加加工費訂價策略，使其免受鋁價波動的影響。
  16. The cost - plus pricing policy continued to enable the group to manage its exposure to risks associated with aluminum price fluctuations

    以鋁價成本另附加工費的定價政策，繼續讓集團在面對鋁價波動時，更有效地管理風險。
  17. As information asymmetry and many random factors exist in the process of production and delivery in supply chain, it is important for supply chain how to signal responding capacity through leadtime - contingent pricing policy

    摘要由於生產和物流過程中存在眾多隨機因素及信息不對稱，如何通過交貨期相關定價有效地顯示其市場響應能力，對于供應鏈企業競爭來說是極其關鍵的。
  18. Structure the transaction process and pricing policy

    制定交易架構及定價策略
  19. Costing and pricing policy

    成本及定價政策
  20. So manufacturers should sell their products as cheaply as possible. however, pricing policy isn ' t always so simple

    所以廠商應該盡可能廉價地銷售他們的產品。然而，制定價格的政策並不總是這么簡單。
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