scale economics 中文意思是什麼
scale economics
解釋
按比例的經濟-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
But real evidence resulting that effect of scale economics coming from merger and acquisitio
從混合併購來看，其動因主要是尋求協同效應、產業效應和風險分散效應。 -
Firstly, by an in - depth study on chinese commercial banking and their foreign counterparts, this paper points out the great differences of intermediate business innovation between chinese and western commercial banks regarding innovation products variety, scale, technology, etc. secondly, comparing the institution regarding intermediate business innovation and microeconomic - body behavior of chinese commercial banking with foreign ones within an analysis framework from the perspective of institutional economics and game theories, this paper shows that a number of reasons account for the emerging of intermediate business innovation, including external economic environments as well as internal factors within the financial system and technology, among which the institutional factors within the financial system being the most important. at the same time, by comparison with western developed countries " counterparts, the innovation of chinese banking institution lags far behind the development of banking business in main aspects of property rights, managerial system, compensation arrangement and organization system. thus, the backward innovation of banking institutions and twisting microeconomic - body behavior seriously strict intermediate business innovation
本文首先通過對中外商業銀行進行較為深入的調查研究指出，與西方發達國家商業銀行相比，我國商業銀行中間業務創新無論是在業務創新品種、規模上還是在技術手段上，都存在著巨大差距；其次，運用制度學分析和博弈分析框架將中外商業銀行中間業務創新制度及微觀主體行為進行比較得出：商業銀行中間業務創新產生的原因有多種，如外部經濟環境因素、金融體系內部因素和技術因素等，其中最根本的是金融體系內部的制度性因素；與西方發達國家商業銀行制度相比，我國銀行制度創新遠遠落後于銀行業務的發展，主要表現在產權制度、經營制度、分配製度和組織制度等方面；銀行制度創新的滯后及其微觀主體行為的扭曲嚴重製約著中間業務創新，尤其是我國銀行產權關系不明晰，在國有獨資產權框架下政府? ?行長及上級行長? ?下級行長兩種委託代理行為帶來了嚴重的問題，導致了我國銀行中間業務創新動力不足。 -
The development of international trade helps to distribute resources worldwide rationally and effectively, thus pushes global economics forward, at the same time, it provides environment protection more financial support and better technological assistance. however, the negative effect trade imposes on environment cannot be omitted as the scale of international trade enlarges, over - exploitation of natural resources worsens ecological environment. transboundary movements of hazardous wastes even deteriorate the environment of developing countries
國際貿易的發展使世界資源獲得更為合理有效的配置，推動了世界經濟的快速發展，也為環境保護提供了更多的資金和先進的技術，然而其對環境保護的負面影響也同樣不容忽視，隨著國際貿易規模的日益擴大，對自然資源的過度開發加劇了生態環境的破壞，危險廢物的越境轉移使得發展中國家的環境狀況進一步惡化。 -
Based on the economics, the management science and the statistics, the author researched the pattern of shareholding system transformation and the enterprise reforming of the china chem group which is one of large - scale state - owned material distribution corporation
論文運用經濟學、管理學和統計學等方法，以中化供銷集團為研究對象，以該企業股份制改造為研究內容，對企業股份制改造的模式和企業重組問題進行研究。 -
Economics of scale and selecting economic scale of enterprise
規模經濟與企業經濟規模選擇 -
However, the research of baumol showed, in fact, industries with large - scale economics have the nature of competitiveness same as others have and relaxing the regulation of these industries can benefit consumers
然而，鮑莫爾等人的研究表明，實際上，具有規模經濟的行業同其它行業一樣是可競爭的，並且放鬆對規模收益遞增行業的規制能夠使消費者獲益。 -
Influence of scale economics on project competitiveness
規模經濟對項目競爭力的影響 -
The adjustment of organizational structure and the scale economics in chinese automobile industry
我國汽車產業組織結構調整與規模經濟 -
The most often used measurements are the partial productivity, total factor productivity, technical efficiency, technological change, scale economics, allocative efficiency, economic efficiency and managerial efficiency
常見的生產績效包括:偏要素生產率、全要素生產率、技術效率、技術進步、規模效率、配置效率、經濟效率、管理效率等。 -
It is one kind of material flow network, which has no essential distinction with general sale and material flow network of company and no existing obstacle of entry and withdraw. more importantly, the large - scale economics cannot become the direct monopoly reason. i think the problems of postal general service, the citizen ' s privacy of correspondence and national security can be solved and realized under the framework of competition through standard and supervision of laws
筆者進而對郵政的國家壟斷規制提出了質疑，認為與規模經濟相連的郵政網路性特徵與一般網路產業的網路性特徵有根本區別，它只是一種物流網路，與一般公司的銷售、物流網路有本質區別，不存在進入障礙和退出障礙，更為重要的是，規模經濟不能成為國家壟斷的直接理由；認為郵政的普遍服務、公民的通信秘密和國家安全可以在競爭的框架內，通過法律的規范和政府的監管而得到解決和實現，而沒有必要將郵政實行國家壟斷，不準他人經營。 -
So my research emphases on oligarch monopolized market, and give logic deduction on scale economics, degree of concentration, efficiency, behavior and so on. the aim to do this is to find correlative results between all the factors
重點對寡頭壟斷市場結構進行研究，並對它的規模經濟、市場集中、績效、行為等要素從理論上進行邏輯推導，找出各個要素之間的相關或者非相關的聯系。 -
Separation and calculation about scale economics and technology progress
技術進步與規模經濟的分離與測算 -
An analysis of the scale economics involved in the iron and steel industry of china
對實現我國鋼鐵行業規模經濟的思考 -
Then i contrasted these factors, such as concentration to scale economics, concentration to rate of profit and so on
再對各要素之間的相關性進行分析，如集中度與規模經濟、集中度與利潤率等，得出相關性的結論。 -
In the third part, analyze the market structure of petroleum drilling equipment manufacturing industry, and mainly analyze the industry centralization, scale economics, product differentiation and
第三部分，分析了石油鉆采設備製造產業的市場結構，主要分析了我國石油鉆采設備製造產業的行業集中度、規模經濟、產品差別化和行業進入壁壘。 -
This competitive market theory proves that postal industry market with large - scale economics is competitive totally and only competition can regulate the behavior of china post and make consumers benefit
可競爭市場理論證明了，有著規模經濟的郵政業市場也是完全可競爭的，而且只有競爭才能規范長期居於壟斷地位的中國郵政的行為，並使消費者獲益。 -
At the basis of this interpret, the text makes a thorough study of economic efficiency of three types of mergence. ( such as horizontal merger, vertical merger and conglomerate merger ). in macro level, the rationality of m & a and its products lies in scale economics and also lies in reducing relevant costs & diversifying operation risk, etc. it sets forth good results of mergence to mechanism adjustment of production construction in detail
然後，從企業績效角度的不同層面具體分析企業並購之動因，對橫向並購、縱向並購和混合併購等三種形式的經濟效率進行深入的比較研究，認為橫向並購可獲得規模經濟，在有限理性的環境下縱向並購可以降低交易費用，而混合併購可達到組合效應和降低經營風險的目的。 -
Medium industry ( especially accounting and audit service industry ) is the important symbol of a country ’ s economic development level, and the important basis and supporting terms of promoting business ’ even area ’ s and country ’ s core competencies 。 with the entry into wto, chinese cpa firms ’ outer and inner environments have changed greatly, international competition has changed into chinese competition and chinese competition has internationalized 。 under such complex environments, whether the chinese cpa firms will occupy a place of their own and will not be eliminated through various market competition is decided by core competition 。 on the basis of introducing of research background and the meaning of this title ’ s choice, the paper first probes into the profound learning of core competition theory, retrospects and evaluates the primary views of core competition theory of overseas and chinese scholars, then analyzes and evaluates the cultivating theory of core competition and analyzes the sources and theory basis of core competition from economics and management course 。 on the basis of the above analysis, the paper analyzes the inner restraint factors of chinese cpa firm ’ s gaining competition advantages, in the meanwhile, the paper discusses the outer opportunity and challenge of chinese cpa firms 。 in the end, the paper puts forward large scale business strategy according to “ scale economics ” theory ’ s explanation to core competition and non ? audit service strategy according to “ economics of scope ” theory ’ s explanation to core competition 。
本文在介紹了研究背景和選題意義的基礎上首先從探尋核心競爭力的理論淵源出發，回顧並評價了國內外學者關于核心競爭力的主要理論觀點，接著分析並評價了核心競爭力的培育理論，並從經濟學和管理學兩個學科層面分析了核心競爭力培育的源泉和理論基礎。在此基礎上分析了影響我國會計師事務所核心競爭優勢獲取的內部制約因素，並探討了我國會計師事務所面臨的外部機遇和挑戰。最後，以經濟學中「規模經濟」理論對企業核心競爭力的解釋為理論基礎提出我國會計師事務所核心競爭力培育的規模經營戰略，以「范圍經濟」理論對企業核心競爭力的解釋為理論基礎提出我國會計師事務所核心競爭力培育的非審計服務戰略。 -
In viewing from horizontal m & a, the main agent of merger and acquisition is pursuing scale economics effect. scale economics coming from horizontal m & a lay in cost fell and market power enhance as well as monopoly
浙江大學博士學位論文企業並購及其效應研究從橫向並購來看，企業進行橫向並購的主要動因在於追求規模經濟效應，橫向並購中的規模經濟效應來源於成本下降、市場支配力的增強以及壟斷等。
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