熱力學不等式 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [rèlìxuébùděngshì]
熱力學不等式 英文
thermodynamic inequality
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 不 : 名詞[書面語] （剁物所用的木墩） a block of wood
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 等式 : [數學] equation; equality等式約束 equality constraint; 等式組 equality system
  1. In the fields of fluid dynamics, entropy inequality reflects the second law of thermodynamics. i. e. entropy must increase across shock waves ( a kind of discontinuity ). all kind of approximate schemes should reflect the fact that it must satisfies some kind of discrete entropy inequality ). from the view of practical computation, stability and theo - retical error of any kind discrete schemes all dependend of the smoothness of the solution of ( 0. 2. 1 ). generally, the approximate solution have good stability and theoretial error in the area where the solutions have more regularity and poor stability and theoretial error in other area

    從流體力學來看，它事實上是熱力學第二定理的反映，即熵越過激波（一種間斷）要增加。各種估計格式構造的估計解應反映這一事實，即滿足熵不等式。從實際計算來看，總是通過離散化求解，不考慮計算的積累誤差，它的穩定性與計算精度都依賴與真解的光滑性，一般說，在解較光滑的區域有較好的穩定性與計算精度，而在較粗糙的區域則相反。
  2. This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

    本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。
  3. It requests period of feeding goods to be short and worklosd of designing to be greet. it also comes down to many subjects, such as hot project, machine, mechanics of hydromechanics, mechanics of configuration, anti - fire material and environment protection. the traditional ways of design can not adopt drastic market competition, so it is anxious to corporation to change old mode quickly and improve the level of design and management

    而它的設計開發方法不同於一般的機械產品，它除了完全按照訂單生產，要求供貨期短及設計工作量大以外，還涉及到熱工、機械、流體力學、結構力學、耐火材料及環境保護等多門學科，傳統的設計方法無法適應激烈的市場競爭，因此迅速改變舊模式，提高設計製造及管理水平，成為企業當務之急。
  4. The algorithm of strapdown inertial navigation system is also discussed and then use the flight - track generator to give a simulation, since a closed loop feedback integrated navigation system is designed in this paper, and the output of the filter must feed back to the strapdown inertial navigation system, the analysis of the algorithm in strapdown inertial navigation system is important. the scheme to design the trajectory of gps and the simulation of gps constellation are then studied, the simulation of gps constellation is given from the calculation of vernal equinox base on the principle of celestial mechanics, this method of different from other methods given by other paper and is useful to the research of satellite navigation system. a new method to abstract noise modal in integrated navigation system is proved to be useful in practice, this method, which is given by use the principles of stochastic processes, statistics, time series analysis, and system identification, is suitable for the kalman filter in integrated navigation system

    如航跡產生器的設計，該航跡產生器是研究組合導航問題的前提，從國外一些研究組合導航系統的文獻中可以看出，設計這樣一個航跡產生器是非常必要的，所以本文自行設計了這樣一個系統；還討論了捷聯慣性導航系統中捷聯解算的方法，並進行了模擬研究，由於在本文設計的閉環反饋式組合導航系統中，對捷聯慣導系統的平臺誤差進行閉環控制，需要將濾波器輸出的校正量反饋到捷聯解算內部，所以必須對捷聯解算進行深入的研究和分析，更何況捷聯解算問題本身也是導航界的一個熱門研究課題；另外，本文還介紹了gps軌道及其星座模擬的設計思想和方案，與以往gps軌道和星座模擬不同的是本文從天體力學中計算春分點開始，逐步進行gps軌道及其星座模擬，這樣的設計方法對從事衛星導航的研究工作是有價值的；還對組合導航中誤差建模方法進行了研究，綜合運用隨機過程、概率統計、時序分析及系統辯識等方面的理論提出了一套適合組合導航卡爾曼濾波的誤差建模方法，並運用實際研究工作中的測量數據對該方法進行了驗證。
  5. The authors first apply basic theory of equivalent heat drop on the common circulation heat calculating model for thermal system in supercritical pressure power unit with second reheat cycles and other kind of condensing steam turbine by mathematical derivation strictly, based on the normal energy balance and theory of equivalent heat drop, aiming at characteristics of thermal system in which there are outer steam coolers that high pressure heater and low pressure heater carry

    摘要以常規熱平衡方法和等效熱降理論為基礎，針對二次再熱超臨界機組熱力系統高低壓加熱器均設置外置式蒸汽冷卻器的特點，經過嚴格的數學推導，將等效熱降理論應用於二次再熱超臨界機組熱力系統循環吸熱量計算的研究，並提出了適用於不同類型凝汽式機組的通用數學計算模型。
  6. Rclying on the abundant technical strength of zhejiang university chemical machinery research instiute, it is specially engaged in the production of all kinds of the medical instruments such as the steam modular cylinder, modular dyeing tube, bactcricidal cylinder, gas storage cylinder, fermentation cylinder, heat exchanger, desk type, verticaltype, portable, horizontal electrically - hcated pressure steam sterilizer, carbon dioxide, biochemical, mycetes, illumination, water - sealcd, clectrically - heatedpressure steam sterilizer, dry heating sterilizer, carbon dioxide, bibiochemical, mycetes, illumination, water - sealcd, clectrically - heated, clectrically - heated constant temperature type culture box, fixed temperature and humidity box, climate cabinet exc. meanwhile it offers a full set of the stainless steel utensil serial products to the pharmaceuticals, health - care products, food, drink, cosmetics, uncontaminated workshops and so on. it can design and manufacture various non - standard equipments according to the consumer is requirements. welcome to make inquiry into this company. we are looking forward to cooperating with you

    本公司依託浙江大學化機研究所專業開發，製造各類：蒸汽定型罐、定型染色缸、殺菌罐、儲氣缸和發酵罐、熱交換器、臺式、立式、手提式、臥式電熱壓力蒸汽滅菌器、乾熱滅菌器、二氧化碳、生化、黴菌、光照、隔水式、電熱恆溫培氧箱、恆溫恆濕箱、人工氣候箱等醫療儀器，同時提供製藥、保健品、食品、飲料、化妝品、潔凈車間成套不銹鋼器具系列產品，還可根據用戶要求設計、製造各種非標設備，歡迎您的垂詢，期待您的合作！
  7. Firstly, based on the utilization of the first and second law of thermodynamics, the ideal combined camot cycle model is set up. secondly, aimed at the insufficient of the classical thermodynamics analysis method, the popular method - - finite time thermodynamics analysis is applied to set up the model of endo - reversible combined carnot cycle. finally, the optimization relationships between the specific heating load ( shl ) and operating parameters and between shl and cop are conducted according to the characteristics of the function and investment of aht

    在首先利用熱力學第一、二定律分析方法的基礎上，建立了吸收式熱變換器的理想聯合卡諾循環模型，然後針對經典熱力學分析方法的不足，利用了當前很流行的有限時間熱力學分析手段，建立了aht系統內可逆聯合卡諾模型，根據熱變換器的功能、投資等方面的特點，導出了吸收式熱變換器比供熱率與操作參數、比供熱率與熱力學性能系數的優化體系。
  8. Polymer / montmorillonite ( mmt ) nanocomposites is a kind of novel composites and arouses great interest due to its excellent synthetical properties. in this paper, different polymerization methods are used to prepare pmma / mmt nanocomposites, whose thermal property and mechanical properties are obviously improved. the effects of mmt and organo - mmt ( ommt ) on the bulk polymerization mechanisms of methyl methacrylate and terminal polymer structure are also studied

    本文通過不同的聚合方式制備得聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯蒙脫土納米復合材料，改善了材料的耐熱性能和力學性能等；重點研究了蒙脫土（ mmt ）以及有機蒙脫土（ ommt ）對本體法甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ mma ）聚合反應機理以及聚合物結構的影響。
  9. 2 ) based on the application of the bond graph, analyze the characters of engine, motor, battery and vehicle, uniform the electric power, heat power and mechanical power into the same mathematic model in order to alter the types and parameters of hybrid electric vehicle in convenience. 3 ) the system based on the bond system can also simulate in different direction

    2 ）根據鍵合圖理論，進行了發動機、電機、電池與車輛的鍵合圖分析，採用能量流將電、熱、機械能量統一在一個數學模型中，隨著混合動力電動汽車不同的布置形式，可以方便、靈活地更改系統構成與元件參數與特性（如非線性、間隙等） 。
  10. In this dissertation, the author summed up the muti - technique in fluid dynamics, heat and mass transferring, mechanical designing and computational technique and studied the conventional pressure spray dryers with different air disperse structure and outlet equipment, at last put forward the theme i. e. the study on combined spin - flow pressure spray drying technology, the main contents were as follows : ( 1 ) the combined spin - flow pressure nozzle was designed whose novel structure has no report at present, and the structural designing parameters were obtained through analyzing the physical characteristic of materials and distribution of particles

    本文總結了國內外在壓力噴霧乾燥裝置的研究應用狀況，並分析了現有噴霧乾燥裝置設計方面的優缺點，運用流體力學、空氣動力學、傳熱傳質學、機械設計和計算機技術等多學科知識，綜合研究了傳統壓力噴霧乾燥系統的單噴嘴霧化裝置在併流、逆流以及混流乾燥中的應用和噴霧乾燥塔的不同布風裝置以及出風裝置的設置情況等，提出了新型旋流式組合壓力噴霧乾燥技術並對此進行了研究，其主要內容包括： （ 1 ）本文創造性地設計出旋流式組合壓力噴嘴的基本結構，並通過對料液的物化特性研究分析以及顆粒度的分佈要求，給出了噴嘴的不同結構設計參數。
  11. Abstract : it is proved that system heat quantity absorbing by reversible and irreversible process is not equal, so, the paper points out that merge formulas on mathematical expansion of the second law of thermodynamics are incorrect, and raises the proposition of correct expansion

    文摘:通過證明可逆和不可逆兩種過程系統吸收熱量的不相等，指出將熱力學第二定律表示式寫成合併式的作法是不妥的，並提出了正確表示的建議。
  12. By now, many achievements have been acquired, including hundreds of empirical correlations to predict the chf value, and models for chf in different conditions, what ' s more, more basic research about two - phase flow, heat transfer, and behavior of gas bubble etc. whereas, all approach of predicting chf value or explaining the phenomena, has disadvantages of limited parameter range and accuracy

    包括各種參數條件下的經驗公式，對于不同機制下的理論研究以及更加基礎的兩相流動、兩相傳熱、汽泡動力學等多方面的研究。但是在所有目前已經取得的成果中，還是存在適用范圍的局限性以及精確性的問題，因此繼續對chf現象進行深入研究是很有必要的。
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