生產要素成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shēngchǎnyāosùchéngběn]
生產要素成本 英文
factor cost
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 （人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來） give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 （創造財富; 生...
  • 要 : 要動詞1. （求） demand; ask2. （強迫; 威脅） force; coerceⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 素 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （本色; 白色） white 2 （顏色單純） plain; simple; quiet 3 （本來的; 原有的） native Ⅱ名...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 生產 : 1 （使用工具創造生產、生活資料） produce; manufacture 2 （生孩子） give birth to a child; childbi...
  • 要素 : essential factor; key element; part; element; factor
  1. Gross domestic product at factor cost

    按生產要素成本計算的本地生產總值
  2. Over time the cost of imputs may change and technological know-how may increase.

    隨著時間推移，投入生產要素的成本可能發生變化，技術決竅可能增加。
  3. Knowledge - economy brings revolutionary significance and influence to modern management. ( 1 ) economy globalization brings great pressure to organizations ( enterprises ) ; ( 2 ) the knowledge - intensive industry has become the leading factor of modern economic increment and " knowledgenizing " will be the only way to sustain its status or to update it for traditional industry. ( 3 ) knowledge holds dominant status as absolute production factors in all factors, corresponding to this, the station of " knowledge - workers " is strengthened gradually in enterprise. ( 4 ) the fast - speed - development of information technique and the huge improvement of information - basic infrastructure provides difference to industrialization - age basic circumstances in nature for organization function

    知識經濟對于現代管理產生了巨大的影響： （ 1 ）經濟全球化給組織（企業）產生了巨大壓力； （ 2 ）知識密集型產業成為現代經濟增長的主導力量，而對傳統產業來說「知識化」將是其維持現有地位或實現更新的唯一出路； （ 3 ）知識作為一種獨立的生產要素在各種要素投入中占據主導地位， 「知識工人」在企業中的地位不斷強化； （ 4 ）信息技術的飛速發展，信息基礎設施的極大改善，為組織運作提供了與工業化時代在本質上不同的基本環境。
  4. The general price - level depends partly on the rate of remuneration of the factors of production which enter into marginal cost and partly on the scale of output as a whole, i. e. ( taking equipment and technique as given ) on the volume of employment

    一般價格水平部分地取決于進入邊際成本的生產要素的報酬率，部分地取決于總體產量的規模，即（在設備和技術為既定的條件下）取決于就業量。
  5. The main issues of the research are put as following : firstly, with the international comparing of market sharing rate and trading competitive index, it was revealed that wheat in china has inferior international competitiveness with a bit rising during current years, however, which is still behind that of the main wheat export countries. secondly, after the international comparing of the main factors that affect the international competitiveness of wheat, it was discovered that chinese wheat has the obvious cost advantage on unit product, while because of the high circulation fee, it results in inferior advantage on the price ; low and unstable quality is another factor which leads to inferior wheat competitiveness ; the input of fertilizer and labor makes little impact on the productivity of chinese wheat, while the input of seeds, irrigation and machine makes a strong impact, so it should be more invested in seeds, irrigation and machine to reduce wheat ' s unit cost. the assistant industries of the wheat, such as breed, production materials and processing industries, have inferior international competitiveness and lagged development

    其次，通過對影響小麥國際競爭力的主要因素的國際比較發現：中國小麥單位產品生產成本具有明顯優勢，但由於較高的流通費用，導致在價格上不具有優勢；小麥質量較差、品質不穩定是導致中國小麥國際競爭力較低的主要因素；生產要素中化肥和勞動力投入對中國小麥生產力水平的影響程度較小，而種子、灌溉和機械投入對小麥生產力水平的的影響程度較大，因此小麥生產投入要以增加種子、灌溉和機械的投入為主，代替大量的化肥和勞動力投入，進一步降低小麥單位產品成本，增強中國小麥國際競爭力；中國小麥的上下游輔助產業（包括品種資源、生產資料和加工業）的國際競爭力較弱，發展較為滯后；中國小麥生產者的組織化程度較低嚴重製約了中國小麥質量的提高、流通費用的降低和加工業的發展；小麥生產經營活動本身的特點決定了在充分發揮市場機製作用的基礎上，必須通過政府的宏觀調控來克服其市場機制的失靈，保障市場機制有效運行，但通過國際比較研究發現：中國政府在生產者支持、市場體系建設和國際貿易政策上對小麥的支持水平較低，與提高中國小麥國際競爭力的要求有較大差距，尤其是較低的生產者支持水平和市場體系建設程度制約了中國小麥國際競爭力的提高。
  6. Main conclusions ( 1 ) the shadow prices of agriculture production factors could be calculated by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory without the factors market ; ( 2 ) the real production cost of agriculture production could be acquired by using the opportunity cost of factors to account the benefit - cost of agriculture products ; ( 3 ) the marginal benefit of the agriculture production factors could be regarded as referent standard to weigh the amounts that government at the basic level and countryside committee take fees from farmers

    本文的主要研究結論為：利用隨機前沿生產函數技術和要素邊際生產力理論，在沒有重要農業生產要素市場的情況下，有可能測算要素影子價格；使用機會成本概念作為農產品成本收益核算的計價基礎，可以獲得農產品的完全生產成本；農業生產要素的邊際收益可以作為衡量基層政府和村集體向農民收取費用合理幅度的一種參照物。
  7. With the development of knowledge economy, the status of human capital has been improved. the human capital has become the most important production factor and an important ingredient of social wealth

    知識經濟的發展，使人的智能化地位獲得空前提高，人力資本已超越了物質資本和貨幣資本成為最主要的生產要素和社會財富的重要組成部分。
  8. Factors of production were, physically, traditionally, or by policy design, immobile and not tradable on any significant scale between economies, although the goods produced from their utilisation were

    相信這部分與當時生產要素運送不便或傳統習慣政策等限制流通有關，即使製成品可透過貿易渠道大量外銷，生產要素本身仍做不到這一點。
  9. And according to the actual status of jocec, the organization structure form > construction target control ( process, cost, quality, and safety ) and production element management ( man, machine, material, technology ) which should be adopted by jocec are designed under the project management mode

    同時針對油建公司實際情況，在施工項目管理模式下設計出了江漢油建公司長輸管道施工應採用的組織結構形式、施工目標（進度、成本、質量和安全）控制和生產要素（人、機、物和技術）管理的方法。
  10. Merger and acquisition ( m & a ) is an important operating mechanism for enterprise consolidation. through the absorption of one or two more enterprises into another one, it can achieve the reunification of key production elements, the continuous adjustment of technology, the restructuring of internal organization and the rational arrangement of operation scale. it can also fulfill the requirement for value creation in a wider range and a more reasonable structure

    企業並購是企業組合的一個重要運行機制，是一個企業通過容納另一個企業或多個企業，形成生產要素的重新組合，生產工藝的不斷調整，企業內部機構進行新一輪配置，生產組織規模日趨合理，使企業能夠在更大范圍和更合理結構基礎上，滿足資本增值的要求。
  11. Fourth, the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate under discrete change is erected. technology is a unique production factor because technological growth experiences a mutation when technological increase accumulates to a certain extent. under this condition, the point - mutation model in tom ’ s mutation theory is applied to explain the phenomenon of technological

    將技術作為不同於勞動和資本的特殊生產要素進行考察，即當技術量的積累達到一定程度時，技術增長會產生突變，在此條件下，運用湯姆突變理論中的尖點突變模型，解釋了技術突變現象，討論了勞動和資本的不同組合變化下，在臨界點附近技術突然躍升或下降的突變性質；構建了技術突變完成後的技術增長率優化理論模型。
  12. ( 1 ) the key factors of production investment refer to labor, capital, technology and other factors. ( 2 ) the term technology refers to those independent production factors which can be acquired in the market of production factors and whose cost and price are locked. ( 3 ) total production costs include not only the costs of labor and capital investments, but also the costs of technology and other production factors

    首先，在對傳統生產函數模型進行考察分析的基礎上，對傳統生產函數進行了重新定義： （ 1 ）將生產投入的要素歸結為勞動、資本、技術和其它生產要素； （ 2 ）技術是指生產廠商可以從生產要素市場上獲得的、具有一定成本和價格的獨立的生產要素； （ 3 ）生產總成本中，不僅包括勞動和資本的投入成本，也包括技術和其它生產要素的成本，因而，技術的增長也是有成本、有代價的。
  13. To investigate the influencing law of technical elements in enterprise production, based on certain assumptions, a three - element ( technology, labor and capital ) output function is defined ; through conceiving and solving an optimization model under the condition of invariable total production cost and maximum output, this paper deduces the optimal proportioning relationship between optimum technical growth rate and conventional production factors - labor and capital, further constructs the optimization model of technical growth rate under total production cost constraint, and design a genetic algorithms program to solve such model

    摘要為了考察企業生產中技術要素的作用、規律，在一定的假設條件下，對其技術要素下了定義，認為其產出函數包括技術、勞動及資本要素；通過構建與求解生產總成本，構建最大條件下的優化模型，推導出技術最優增長率與傳統生產要素勞動與資本的優化配比關系，進一步構造了企業在生產總成本約束下的技術增長率優化模型，並設計了遺傳演算法程序對模型進行求解。
  14. However, for all the availability of the raw resource, cotton, high factor costs require that the prize of cotton used as input by the local nascent textile industry be subsidized by the local ginning company

    然而，為了全部利用棉花這一原料，應高生產要素成本要求，由當地新興紡織工業作為獎勵而投入的棉花應該由當由地斬棉公司進行資助。
  15. The term of “ congestion " was firstly used in transport industry, it was considered to be a phenomenon that excessive transport vehicle were input on transport, which causes the blockage and a declining transport capacity ( d. mcfadden, 1978 ). he considered the state of production factor congestion as a border state, which generally represented all phenomenon of a weak disposal capacity formed by improper collocation of production factor. under the assumption of absolutely rational and complete information in classical economics and the principle of manufacturer ’ s maximal profits, the collocation of resources will not achieve " congestion "

    本文首先以生產要素擁擠的概念為研究問題的展開基點，指出生產要素擁擠是一種要素配置的無效狀態，利用等產量線圖、生產要素的可處置性理論與廠商生產理論對傳統經濟區域與很少提及的非經濟區域進行了研究，指出生產要素擁擠體現為等產量線后彎，生產要素擁擠形成的后彎部分的等產量線構成了生產函數的非經濟區。
  16. The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside

    本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。
  17. As the carrier of knowledge and enterprise production element, human capital is the key of enterprise ' s existence and development

    而作為知識載體、企業生產要素的人力資本，也因此而成為賴以企業生存與發展的關鍵。
  18. As the carrier of knowledge and enterprise production element, human capital is the capital which is cohered to labor, transformed through capital invested fees, and is the representation of the labor skills and technique. or human capital present in the labor and it is the nonmaterial capital which is expressed through the quality and quantity of the labor. so the human capital becomes the key of the enterprise to exist and develop

    而人力資本作為知識載體和企業生產要素，是指凝結在勞動者身上，由資本投資費用轉化而來的，表現為勞動者技能和技巧的資本，是一種體現在勞動者身上，以勞動者的質量和數量所表示的非物質資本，也因此而成為企業賴以生存和發展的關鍵。
  19. Developing enterprise clusters can help form concentrated demand for factors, absorb capital and talent, and cohere factors of production in the region

    發展企業集群可以形成集中的要素需求、吸引資本、吸引人才，能夠凝聚和提升西部地區的生產要素。
  20. Since 1980 ' s, the theory of new economic development has been put forward by some famous professionals and economists who consider the economy ' s development relying on accumulation of capital has changed to accumulation and renewal of knowledge, and knowledge has become the most important productive factor and the key of continuous development of economy in 1990s a research institution of un was the first to use the concept " knowledge '. the organization of economy cooperation and development suggested in 1996 in the report of science and technology and the prospect of industrial development that the economy based on knowledge should be the one directly founded on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information

    從80年代以來，國際上已有經濟學家提出了「新經濟增長理論」 ，認為經濟增長已從依靠資本積累轉向依賴于知識積累與更新，知識已成為經濟活動中最重要的生產要素，成為經濟持續增長的關鍵。 90年代，聯合國研究機構使用了「知識經濟」的概念。 1996年經濟合作與發展組織在其科學技術和產業發展展望報告中，提出「以知識為基礎的經濟， 」是「直接建立在知識和信息的生產、分配和使用之上的經濟」 。
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