概率原則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gàilǜyuánzé]
概率原則 英文
principle of probability
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 概率 : [數學] probability; chance概率論 probability theory; theory of chances; 概率曲線 probability curv...
  1. The cause is that depending strength of government only to hit lawless proprietor and safeguard consumer ' s leigitimate rights and interests is limited, because the proprietor can constringe the action of self due to the government strike it strongly in the short - term, but government can not be persisted over a long period of time because of the restriction of resources such as funds etc. in another aspect, if encouraging consumer to safeguard the leigitimate rights and interests of self, the probability that proprietor ' s tort occurs could reduce generally, moreover it is lasting

    本文首先從靜態的角度來分析消費者權益受到損害的原因。通過分析發現，單純地依靠政府的力量來打擊不法經營者、維護消費者合法權益的作用是有限的，短期中經營者會因為政府加大打擊力度而收斂自己的行為，但政府由於受經費等資源的限制，不可能長期堅持下去。從另一個角度，如果鼓勵消費者維護自身的合法權益，則經營者侵權行為發生的概率會降低，而且具有持久性。
  2. With this aim, this paper has made a comprehensive study on the problem of the land requisition in our country. armed with such renowned theories as the theory of property right application, land rent, public choice etc., the study has rendered a potent analysis of the problems involved in the current land requisition policy and their reasons. then, based on china ’ s realities, it advances its own proposal to renovate the current policy from various aspects including the nature and limitation, the procedure and the standard of compensations of the land requisition, that is, by means of a combination of enumeration and generalization, decide on a strict definition of public interests ; improve the procedure of the requisition of land under the principle of openness, justice and high efficiency ; set up the compensation standard with the market price as the baton while versified by other supplementary ways ; most importantly, clarify the property right of land

    本文通過對土地徵用問題進行系統、深入的調查研究，針對當前我國土地徵用制度存在的主要缺陷和弊端，應用產權理論、地租理論、公共選擇理論、新制度經濟學中的路徑依賴理論以及其它相關理論分析土地徵用存在的問題及其原因，並結合國內外的先進經驗，立足本國實際，從征地性質與范圍的界定、征地程序的完善，以及征地補償標準的確定，提出了完善土地徵用制度的政策建議:採取列舉式和概括式相結合的方式，嚴格的界定「公共利益」范圍;樹立正當的程序觀念，按照公正、公開與效率的原則，完善征地程序;建立以市場價格為主的土地徵用補償標準，建立多樣化的征地補償方式等來解決我國征地中存在的問題，但最根本的是明晰土地產權從而進一步完善我國土地徵用制度。
  3. All these are in order to improve the cash operation efficiency of companies, and build the competition of the sales companies. from the structure, firstly it divides the cash flow process into purchase process, inventory process, and sales process, and analyzes the reason for cbpr ( cash business process reengineering ), and then advances the rules and methods of cbpr ( cash business process reengineering ). secondly, it analyzed the disadvantages of the three tradition processes, and points out the reason in process affecting cash turnover efficiency, and then reengineers cash business process in order to echo on the customers quickly and quicken cash flow

    從論文結構上，本文分析了分銷企業資金流程再造的原因，並提出了資金流程再造的原則與方法，根據業務流程的概念將資金流程劃分為采購流程、庫存管理流程和銷售流程，並逐一對各傳統流程的弊端進行了剖析，指出了在流程中影響企業資金周轉效率的原因，並結合分銷企業自身的特點，引入供應鏈管理等先進的管理思想，再造企業資金流程，以達到更快地響應顧客，加快資金流轉的目的，同時分析了影響分銷企業的資金流程再造成功的因素，最後本文又根據tcl電器銷售公司的運作模式進一步印證了資金業務流程再造的優勢。
  4. Compared with the regular rule - based expert system, the bayesian network based es can reason on the incomplete input information using the prior probability distribution ; the topological structure of the network being used to express the qualitative knowledge and the probability distributions of the nodes in the network being used to express the uncertainty of the knowledge, which made the knowledge representation more intuitively and more clearly ; applying the principle of the bayesian chaining rule, bidirectional inference which allow infer from the cause to the effect and from the effect to the cause can be achieved

    與一般基於規則的專家系統相比，貝葉斯網專家系統利用先驗概率分佈，可以使推理在輸入數據不完備的基礎上進行；以網路的拓撲結構表達定性知識，以網路節點的概率分佈表達知識的不確定性，從而使不確定性知識的表達直觀、明確；利用貝葉斯法則的基本原理，可以實現由因到果及由果到因的雙向推理。
  5. In order to make the research of this paper more practicable, the paper combines the actual situation of market - oriented interest rate of china, compares and analyses the base leading rate affixation model, the cost plus pricing model, and the customer profitability analysis model, which are all very popular abroad. based on this, and according to the basic principles of lending pricing, the paper introduces the concept of loan - term compound interest, and constructs a lending pricing model on " the mobile choice between cost and market price ", which is practicable under the condition of market - oriented interest rate

    為使本文的研究更有實踐意義，本文結合中國利率市場化趨勢，比較分析了國外普遍採用的「基準利率加點」 、 「成本加成」 、 「客戶盈利分析」等貸款定價模式在中國的適用性，並在此基礎上，根據貸款定價的基本原則，引入貸款期限復利概念，構建了利率市場化條件下具有實際可操作性的「成本與市價相機訣擇」的貸款定價模型。
  6. A brief review and theoretical analyses are made on computer storage and retrieval of generic chemical structures in patents. two rules, namely consistency and efficiency, are presented in processing generic chemical structures, and the optimal decomposing point ( odp ) is brought forth to obtain efficient searchable records

    本文概述了計算機化學中族性結構信息處理國內外研究進展，從理論上分析了族性結構檢索匹配策略，提出了族性結構數據庫系統一致性和效率兩原則，指出提高匹配效率需要找出原始族性結構的最佳展開點。
  7. With the support of the first manufacturing shop of yuxi hongta group, this project will lucubrate the 101 automatic logistics system of hongta group, which revolves around the group policy of improving quality, bringing front new ideas and reducing expense to manage the logistics management and do better to the enterprise, doing comprehensive and systematic researches, seeking out and solving a series of flaws and questions of the 101 automatic logistics system. ( l ) this project will discuss internal and external present conditions, development divection, interrelated concepts and knowledge of automatic logistics system. ( 2 ) according to the materials characteristic, in connection with the conditions of automatic logistics system, i will model the pallet and hold a synthetical research on all kinds of materials stacking patterns to achieve stacking equitably and steadily

    （ 1 ）論文論述了自動化物流系統的國內外現狀及發展趨勢，自動化物流的相關概念及各類相關知識； （ 2 ）根據101生產所需的物料特點，結合物流系統情況，對托盤進行了選型設計，同時對各類物料的堆碼方式，也通過比較的方法來進行研究，以達到堆碼合理、穩固的目的； （ 3 ）基於101自動化物流系統中agv系統存在著運行效率低的問題，先根據路徑規劃原則，應用統籌方法，對agv行駛路徑進行了研究，得到規劃化路徑方案，接著結合agv調度管理方法的缺陷，對其進行了研究，並加以改進，最後再對輔料的請求管理進行了全面的探討，以此來提高agv系統的運行效率。
  8. This article is based on the principles of risk management and insurance. it insights into the interrelationship among risk, insurable interest and such important factors as insurance value in mortgage insurance, explains the asymmetry of risk assumed and relevant coverage, shows the brand new concept of ratio of real estate insurance value, argues the application of replacement less depreciation approach to the valuation of insurance value in mortgage insurance, and analyzes the valued policy and moral hazard in real estate insurance

    本文基於風險與保險基本原理和不動產估價原則，結合保險發達國家不動產保險實務和我國抵押貸款相關險種保單條款，深入剖析住房抵押貸款保險的風險、可保利益、保險價值等要素的內在聯系以及現行保險條款中風險與保險責任不對稱的原因，提出了不動產保險價值比率的全新概念，論證了住房抵押貸款的保險價值評估適用抵押房屋重置價值的觀點，並對不動產保險中定值保單和道德風險進行了探討。
  9. It also shows the two principal methods to measure and evaluate the extent of equity, and summarizes the gains and losses, the success and failure that china has made during the decades of planning economy and socialist market economy. after that, the thesis makes an empirical study on the status of equity and efficiency and their relationship in some other countries in the world. at last, using the experience on the issue of equity and efficiency of other countries for reference, and employing the fundamental principles of marxism " political economics and the general approaches of the western economics, the thesis analyzes and demonstrates the issue of equity and efficiency during the process of modernization in china, and proposes the view that china should realize the sound interaction of equity and efficiency basing itself upon the reality and taking a broad view of the future

    本文採取理論研究與實證分析相結合的方法，在搜集和查閱了大量國內外文獻資料的基礎上，詳細介紹了國內外關于效率與公平的概念、分類和相互關系的認識、主張和觀點，介紹了對公平度進行評價的兩種主要方法，總結了中國幾十年計劃經濟和社會主義市場經濟的得失成敗，並對世界主要國家公平與效率的狀況及其結合狀態進行了深入的實證研究，在借鑒世界各國關于效率與公平問題的實踐和經驗教訓的基礎上，運用馬克思主義政治經濟學的基本原理，借鑒西方經濟學的一般方法對中國現代化進程中效率與公平的問題進行了全面、嚴密的分析與論證，提出了社會主義初級階段正確處理公平與效率問題的思路和原則及「立足現實，著眼長遠，實現公平與效率良性互動」觀點。
  10. In chapter 2, the ciuthor explained the concept of the technological accumulation, the character, the ultimate aim, the effective ways and demand of intellectual capital. in chapter 3, the efficiency of the technological accumulation has been discussed through the motive mechanism of accumulation, technological growth cycle, different technology demand and different enterprise demand. the thesis has given a process that technological accumulation affect economic development. the author advised the enterprise to combine the financial effect with strategy effect in technological accumulation. in chapter 5, the thesis analyzed the significance of forming and promoting core competence

    在論文第2章闡述了企業技術積累的概念、類型特徵、技術積累的終極目標、以及實現技術積累的有效途徑和人力資本要求；論文第3章從企業技術積累的動力機制、技術積累的階段過程、技術積累對經濟增長的影響過程、企業技術積累過程中的不同技術選擇、不同的企業選擇要求以及技術積累中財務效果與戰略效果相兼顧的原則中分析了影響企業技術積累的效率。
  11. Using the theories of probability, algebra and number theory comprehensively, we investigate a class of boolean functions with three - valued walsh spectrum in the first part of this dissertation : the properties of the extended semi - bent functions, which are constructed from any two bent functions, are studied, followed by the structure characteristics of the boolean functions satisfying propagation criterion with respect to all but two vectors ; the definition and cryptographic properties of k - order quasi - bent functions are proposed whose walsh spectrum takes on only three values. some sufficient and necessary conditions are offered to decide whether a boolean function is a k - order quasi - bent function ; a special method is presented to construct the k - order quasi - bent functions, whose cryptographic properties are explored by the matrix method, which is different from the method of walsh spectrum and that of autocorrelation of boolean functions ; the application of this kind of boolean functions in the fields of stream cipher, communications and block ciphers is discussed, which shows the great importance of the fc - order quasi - bent functions ; some methodology are proposed to construct the k - order quasi - bent functions, including the complete construction by using the characteristic matrices of boolean functions, and the recursive method by two known k - order quasi - bent functions we further extend our investigation to the ring zp, where p is a prime, and the similar results are presented as far as the p - valued quasi - generalized - bent functions are considered

    本文首先綜合運用概率論、代數學、數論等基礎學科的理論知識，並以頻譜理論作為主要研究工具，對一類譜值分佈相對均勻的函數? ?廣半bent函數、 k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數進行了系統、深入的研究，給出了廣半bent函數定義，並探討了廣半bent函數的密碼學性質；給出了k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數的定義及等價判別條件；討論了k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數與部分bent函數和p值廣義部分bent函數的關系，探討了它們的密碼學性質；給出了k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數的典型構造方法，並將對k階擬bent函數的密碼性質的研究轉化到對一類特殊的矩陣的研究上；利用布爾函數的特徵矩陣原則上給出了k階擬bent函數的一種完全構造方法，還給出了從已有的p值k階擬廣義bent函數出發，遞歸構造變元個數更多的p值k階擬廣義bent函數的方法；初步探討了k階擬bent函數在序列密碼、分組密碼以及通信中的應用；給出了一類布爾函數walsh譜的分解式，並利用這類布爾函數的walsh譜分解式給出了一類近似穩定的布爾函數的構造，特殊情形下為k階擬bent函數；利用代數數論的知識考察了p值k階擬廣義bent函數的譜特徵，並給出了k階擬廣義bent函數與所有仿射函數的符合率特徵等等。
  12. In the second part the paper has studied the general situation and problems of lands transfer both in the whole country and in zhejiang province, described the land transfer behavior of peasant households, and made conclusions as follow. behavior of land transfer is highly connected with economic development. government should play a guiding and service role based on wills of peasants

    第二部分介紹全國及浙江省農地流轉的總體情況及存在的問題，概述農戶家庭農地流轉行為，並得出相關結論：農地流轉行為與經濟發展程度密切相關；政府在農地流轉中應遵循農民自願的原則，承擔起引導和服務的作用；農戶家庭農地流轉所遵循的原則依然是經濟理性原則，提高農地利用效率是農戶進行農地流轉行為的根本動機。
  13. Although both preparing and auditing financial statements need to apply the concepts of materiality, the purposes of implementing the principle of materiality in financial accounting system differs from the purposes of applying the concepts of materiality in auditing procedures. because, the former distinguishes immaterial items in accounting data for reducing the producing cost of information as well as enhancing the understandability of financial statements, but the latter put much more attention on scrutinizing information for significant items in order to control audit risks and conduct an efficient and effective audit engagement

    財務會計中財務報表的編制，以及審計中財務報表的查核，都需要運用重要性概念；但財務會計中重要性原則的運用，主要是用於過濾篩選不重要的會計數據，以節約信息生產成本，並增強報表的可理解性；而審計中重要性原則的運用，則是為了辨識重大會計信息，以控制審計風險，並有效率且有效果地完成審計任務。
  14. The most application principle on decision - making of probability analysis result is maximum expected principle

    對概率分析結果進行決策的原則應用較多的是最大期望值原則。
  15. The writer thinks : one concept should be use to express the various statuses of validity of contract brought from rescinding contract in part or whole ; at first, the right to decide whether to restore the original status belongs to parties of contract, then it belongs to judge or arbitrator, however, when decided, they should be bound by following actors : performance and character of contract, provisions in law, dealing security of a third, opinions of superior department, purpose of system of rescinding contract and principles of fairness and benefit, etc

    本文認為，應使用「合同解除」一個概念表述合同效力部分或全部消滅的各種形態；合同解除是否溯及既往，首先是當事人的權利，其次是載判者的權力，但無論如何，都應受到如下因素的限制，即合同性質、履行狀態、法律規定、第三人的交易安全、主管部門的意見、合同解除的規范目的和公平與效率原則等。
  16. But now in the process of real estate investment analysis, the traditional methods of risk analysis to investigate the risk are the sensitivity analysis and balanced analysis ; these methods primarily include the following deficiencies : ( 1 ) they can only analyze the impact of risk, but it will overlook the possibility of the risk, so it can only evaluate impact for the project of the risk factor, it can not make the determination for the probability of occurrence

    但是目前在房地產開發投資分析過程中，所使用的風險分析方法還在沿用傳統的風險調查法、敏感性分析法和盈虧平衡分析法;這些方法都是假設資源沒有限制的原則下，側重數學分析和解析計算，由於簡化了風險問題本身的相關性和復雜性，使得這些方法在實際中的應用受到了限制，主要存在以下不足之處: （ 1 ）只能分析風險的影響作用，而忽略了風險本身發生的大小差別，故只能對項目的風險因素作影響程度上的評價，而不能對其作發生概率大小的測定。
  17. Firstly, this article begins with introducing the development and implication of just taxation principle, then i describe the embodiment of just taxation principle in the statute of corporate income tax. secondly, i illustrate the phenomena of unfair taxation appearing in the legislation, enforcement and using tax, then i observe and study on the harmfulness of unfair taxation in the theoretical and practical respects, and i analyze the reasons of causing unfair taxation. i think they are the influence of the legal idea of the tool doctrine of the law, the influence of the legislative view of " efficiency coming first, balancing justice " and the legal defects

    首先，論述了稅收公平原則的演進及其內涵，並分析了稅收公平原則在現行企業所得稅法中的體現；其次，概括了在定稅、征稅、用稅方面的稅收不公現象，繼而從理論和實踐層面上對現行企業所得稅法中稅收不公的危害作了考察，並對引起稅收不公的原因作了分析，筆者認為是法律工具主義的法觀念、 「效率優先、兼顧公平」的立法理念和法律缺陷三方面的原因；最後，對稅收公平原則在我國企業所得稅法中的實現提出了相應的對策，包括法觀念和立法理念的轉變、定稅不公的立法完善、征稅不公的整合治理和完善稅收監督制度，以期促進我國企業所得稅法稅收公平原則之實現。
  18. ( 3 ) the span analysis of the genetic operators. 8 schemes were provided to analyze the relation of the genetic operators such as population size, cross probability, mutation probability. at last, a optimum group of genetic operators was selected

    提出8種方案來分析遺傳操作運算元（種群規模、交叉概率和變異概率）之間的聯系，並根據精度最高原則最終確定一組合適的遺傳操作運算元。
  19. Two spatially registered images with different focuses are decomposed into several blocks. then, three features reflecting the clear level of every block, i. e., spatial frequency, visibility, and edge, are calculated. finally, artificial neural networks, i. e., multilayer - perceptron, radial - basis function, probabilistic neural network, are used to recognize the clear level of the corresponding blocks to decide which blocks should be used to construct the fusion result

    具體實現過程概述如下：首先將兩幅（或多幅）配準圖象進行分塊處理，提取兩幅圖象中對應塊的能反映圖象清晰度的三種特徵，即空間頻率、可見度和邊緣，將特徵歸一化後送入訓練好的神經網路進行識別，根據得到的結果依據「誰清晰誰保留」的原則構成融合的圖象。
  20. The first chapter, also the first part, discusses briefly the tax basic principles, including the concept, the implication and theories, which lays a foundation for guiding the specific taxes. the second chapter, also the second part, discusses the malpractice which lies in the personal income tax law in china, leading to the necessity and imminence of writing the article. and the third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters constituting the last part, discuss respectively the guiding effects of the tax legal principles, the tax impartial principles, the social policy principles and the tax efficiency principles on the personal income tax law perfection

    全文大致分三部分：第一章，對稅法基本原則的基本層面作簡要的論述（包括稅法基本原則的概念、含義及各種理論學說） ，為下一步建立對具體稅種的指導打下基礎；第二章，論述我國個人所得稅法存在的弊端及個人所得稅的潛力，引出寫作本文的必要性和緊迫性；第三、四、五、六章，用大量的篇幅論述稅收法定原則、稅收公平原則、社會政策原則、稅收效率原則對完善個人所得稅法的具體指導作用。
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