此端向下 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [cǐduānxiàngxià]
此端向下
英文
bottom-
Acropetal describing a process ( such as growth or development ) that progresses from the base or boint of attachment, so that the oldest parts are at the base and the youngest are at the tip
向頂：描述植物器官生長或者發育的一個過程，這個過程是自下而上的，因此較年老的部分在底端，而幼小的部分在頂端。According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d
本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。Key control rats ski movements, the upper and lower respectively expressed to the screen from top to bottom - mobile, left can slow down the speed skiing down, right is
方向鍵控制老鼠的滑雪動作，上下分別表示往畫面上下端移動，左鍵可以減慢滑雪下降速度，右鍵則恰恰相反，老鼠會橫臥在滑雪板上，此時，下滑速度將大大增加。Key control rats ski movements, the upper and lower respectively expressed to the screen from top to bottom - mobile, left can slow down the speed skiing down, right is enter the name of the game
方向鍵控制老鼠的滑雪動作，上下分別表示往畫面上下端移動，左鍵可以減慢滑雪下降速度，右鍵則恰恰相反，老鼠會橫臥在滑雪板上，此時，下滑速度將大大增加。The writer passes the fixed amount and qualitative analysis, the actuality investigates and theories study combines together, thinking that the main key stiching point of the high school grammar teaching consists in : the target of the high school grammar teaching escapes from the education of the large teachers and students with learning the real fact ; the high school grammar content system originates the result in studying the grammar, but many abuses exsisr hi the grammar research, thus affect the high school grammar teaching directly or indirectly ; in the cognition of the high school grammar teaching, people also need a process for continuously inclining to science ; the limitations of the contents and arrangement also exist in the grammar teaching materials - high school grammar teaching materials that arrange according to the grammar system oneself have the limitations, the contents of the language grammar in the teaching material and arrangement also have certain limitations, such as do n ' t follow the students " regulation of cognition, there is no the contents of the grammar teaching in senior high school and the request, the grammar in junior high school does n ' t pass, in the senior high school then returns to living, gradually, etc ; furthermore, teacher ' s character and the teaching methods are n ' t well suited, do n ' t join the static grammar teaching with the dynamic grammar teaching, neglect the practical characteristics of the teaching grammar ; for a long time, the position of the meaning in the grammar teaching of the high school is n ' t fixed correctly, either higher or lower etc. from here, the writer gets a conclusion : because of the existence of the above problems, cause " grammar useless " then request " desalinate grammar " even " cancel the grammar " creation, but not grammar knowledge oneselt is useless, therefore, from now on the direction of the grammar reform in education is to resolve these problems, not desa linate and cancel
在1898年馬建忠撰寫的第一部漢語語法專著《馬氏文通》問世到現在的一百多年裡，語法教學在中學語文學科中的地位始終沒有確定下來， 「淡化」甚至「取消」語法教學的觀點時而浮現于語文教學的理論與實踐中。問題的癥結何在?筆者通過定量與定性分析，現實調查與理論探討相結合，認為中學語法教學的主要癥結在於：中學語法教學確立的目標脫離廣大師生的教情與學情實際；中學語法內容體系來源於語法研究成果，而語法研究中存在著諸多弊端，從而直接或間接地影響著中學語法教學；人們對中學語法教學目的的認識也有一個不斷趨向科學的過程：語法教材也存在著內容及編排的局限性? ?中學語法教材的依據語法體系本身具有局限性，語文教材中的語法的內容與編排也具有一定的局限性，諸如沒有遵循學生的認識規律，高中沒有語法教學的內容和要求，語法初中沒有過關，高中則更趨回生等；再者，教師素質及教學方法不適應，沒有把靜態的語法教學與動態的語法教學結合起來，忽視了教學語法的實用性的特點；長期以來，中學語法教學的意義定位不準，不是偏高就是偏低等等，由此，筆者得出結論：由於上述問題的存在，導致了「語法無用」進而要求「淡化語法」甚至「取消語法」論調的產生，而並非語法知識本身無用，因此，今後語法教學改革的方向是解決這些問題，而不是淡化和取消。Firstly the method of rayleigh - ritz and galerkin were adopted to analyze the beams under loading combined antisymmetric end moments with transverse uniformly distributed load theoretically, and the results were compared with that offered by kirby, p. a and nethercot, d. a, it showed that result was approximate and even lower and so to some extent the approach used in the paper is practice. secondly several principal factors that affect the beam stability were analyzed respectively, especially the shortening effect was mentioned scarely in some literature so far. at last, the author adopted the matlab to program the finite element software to analyze numerically, the results derived from it were agreed well with it
本文分別採用了rayleigh - ritz法和galerkin法從理論上分析了反對稱端彎矩及橫向均布載共同作用下樑的等效彎矩系數，並與kirby ， p . a和nethercot ， d . a分析結果進行對比，結果表明本文採用的方法得出的等效彎矩系數與其得出結果比較，在均布荷載與端彎矩比例相差不大時基本接近或偏小，說明此方法是可行的，而當均布荷載與端彎矩比例較大時，應根據均布荷載作用進行彎矩等效方法來計算。Find the critical number, point of inflection, relative extrema, increasing or decreasing interval, concave upward or downward interval of the function
找出此函數的端點，反曲點，相對極值，遞增或遞減區間，凹向上或凹向下的區間。At different scanning angles, by analyzing the effects that the surrounding elements on the middle one, we conclude that the reflected vote of the middle element decreases, that ’ s the loss of reflected power decrcases, so the input power will increase
結果發現，在不同掃描角下，中心陣元的反射電壓得到減小，因此，達到了反射功率損耗減小，傳向天線單元輸入端功率增加，天線性能提高的目的。Instead, once their telomeres became inadequate these cells would tend to differentiate, thereby having no functional effect on their tissue except for the depletion of stem cell numbers, which would be reversed by the next reseeding
一旦它們的端粒不合適，這些細胞就會傾向于分化，因此，就不會對它們的組織有功能效應，除非幹細胞數目耗竭，但這可以由下一次種植來逆轉。Firstly, behavior and destroying mechanism of pile under inclined loads are systematically discussed based on summary of research on pile under inclined loads home and abroad, and then a power series solution for displacement and stress calculation of pile under inclined loads in layered soils is presented. based on the solution, the calculation of soil reaction force at the flank and bottom of piles, vertical and horizontal displacement of piles and maximal bending moment of piles is concluded
本文首先系統地回顧了國內外傾斜荷載樁研究工作，在此基礎上詳細討論了傾斜荷載下基樁的受力特性和破壞機理，從而導出了處于成層地基中的傾斜荷載樁的內力及位移分析的冪級數解，並以冪級數解的分析結果進一步導出了樁側及樁端土體抗力、樁身豎向及水平位移、樁身最大彎矩的計算方法。1 ) realization of software packet embedded in m - es and md - is respectively to accomplish main function of mdlp, including assignment of tei ( temporary equipment identifier ), establishment of multiple frame operation, framing, flow control and error - free transmission of packets, is detailed. 2 ) a test model is established to evaluate the robustness and stability of mdlp and verify the validity of software packets. 3 ) according to the design of radio modem construction used in m - es, the modules of interface between data terminal equipment and radio modem are achieved to enable transmission of short message and continuous pseudo - random bit stream via rs232 uart
本文首先概述了蜂窩數字分組數據網的結構和空中協議，詳細分析了移動數據鏈路協議，並在此基礎上，重點敘述了以下方面的工作： 1 ）設計並完成了分別應用於m - es和md - is端無線控制器的兩套程序實現數據鏈路層的主要功能，包括分配臨時設備號、建立鏈路、組幀和面向連接的服務保證分組正確無誤地傳輸，並進行適當的流控； 2 ）建立測試模型測試移動數據鏈路協議的可靠性和穩定性，證明了程序包的效用； 3 ）根據cdpd系統無線數據機的軟硬體總體設計方案，完成了介面模塊，實現了rs232異步串口通信，使用戶可以根據需要發送短消息或連續的偽隨機比特流； 4 ）在tms320c54x的軟體、硬體模擬平臺上，建立了cdpd試驗模型，實現了cdpd系統的mdlp基本功能。As the oil exploration aimed at anisotropy inhomogeneous porous reservoir presently, it is important to study the acoustic theory and borehole acoustic field distribution with numerical simulating so as to invent new logging methods and equipments to obtain enough information to evaluate the complex reservoir characters quantificationally and identify the hydrocarbon zone accurately
隨著陸上油氣勘探目標趨向孔隙結構復雜、非均質性強的油氣儲集層，基於地層各向同性介質的測井理論顯露弊端；因此研究復雜地質條件下的井筒聲場分佈特徵、為儲層解釋和發展剛井新方法提供理論依據成為必然。分享友人