法律實證主義 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎlǜshízhèngzhǔyì]
法律實證主義 英文
legal positivism
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 證 : Ⅰ動詞（證明） prove; verify; demonstrate Ⅱ名詞1 （證據） evidence; proof; testimony; witness 2 （...
  • 義 : Ⅰ名詞1 （正義） justice; righteousness 2 （情誼） human ties; relationship 3 （意義） meaning; si...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 實證 : demonstratio
  1. From the point of the roles of both the active and negative aspects of the objective rational, this article adopts the theory of law positivism and the method of law economy analysis to discuss the roles and limitation of the meaning of the intention components of causality and the ultimate aim of the objective rational, and the internal economy principles or rules of the shipping economy and trade deduced from the shipping facts and the benthamism, the most avail of the most majority nations, the maximum of the whole avail of both the ship interests and the cargo interests, and the protection and promotion of the development of the shipping economy in the legislation area of the basis of liability of the carriers

    摘要從目的理性在消極方面和積極方面作用角度出發，運用法律實證主義理論和法律經濟分析方法，論述了因果方面的目的成分的意義、目的理性的終極目的，以及從航運事實和功利主義所引出的航運經濟與貿易內在經濟法則或規律，最大多數國家的最大效用、船貨雙方整體效用最大化與促進保護航運經濟發展，在承運人責任基礎立法領域中的作用與局限性。
  2. Facing with the adjustment blemish of the market and the government, knowledge problem and market growth degree etc, the article analyzes and arguments tmsm, the investment theory of the gapsm and two - mechanism forming reason and specialty of our country, and tries to explain and answer the question of breadth fluctuation, high risk, price decision, proceeds and investment strategy etc in the gapsm. since 80 ages, a series of the important development has all taken place in the world and the economy of our country, and it produced the deep influence on the growth of the security market, and particularly the information revolution, all markets forming one body and the quick development of the derivable security product brought the unprecedented macroscopic opportunity and power to the security market ; but at the same time our security market with the structure absurdity of participators, higher risk, irregular law, closed market, the validity of supervise and no science of market regulation does not accommodate to the macroscopic environment and so our country security market needs a new set of security theory with environment. according to the macroscopic and microcosmic environment, this article defines that our country security market is both a gapsm and the initial stage of the gapsm

    上世紀80年代以來，世界和我國經濟都發生了一系列重大的變化，對證券市場的發展產生了深刻的影響，尤其是信息革命、市場一體化和證券衍生產品的迅速發展，給證券市場的發展帶來了前所未有的宏觀機遇和動力，而同時我國證券市場參與者結構的不合理、較高的風險、不規范的法律、市場的不開放、監管的不完全以及不科學的市場調控等微觀市場環境條件與此宏觀環境並不適應，從而我國證券市場需要一套適應環境變化的股票理論；本文就是以這一宏觀環境和微觀條件為依據，把我國證券市場定義為既是政府主導型證券市場又是市場初期；並對我國證券市場二元制產生的原因、特點及特殊性進行了分析，並通過我國政府調節的實例進行了論證，並對投資理論和投資策略進行了研究，這對控制我國證券市場的高風險以及獲取收益都具有重大意義。
  3. Guided by the basic principles of marxism theory and in virtue of the theories of bionomics, jurisprudence, legislation, environment law, city planning, environment education and so on, the paper firstly sums up the theories of legislation safeguard for the construction of ecocity and then sets forth the theory foundation of the legislation for construction of ecocity. secondly, in virtue of research methods of odd gene and system analyse, value analyse and demonstration analyse, the analysis of compare and nomology deduction, it makes a thorough anatomy on the problem of the legislation safeguard for our country ' s construction of ecocity practically at present. thirdly, based on discussing the construction of ecocity in foreign countries, their experience of legislation safeguard and revelation for our country, it probes deep into the construction of our country ' s law safeguard system for the construction of ecocity, and thinking and principles of legislation for promoting the legal system of our country ' s construction of ecocity are put forward guided mainly by the the theory of sustainable development. at the same time, the structure and skill of legislation for our country ' s law of promoting the construction of ecocity are particularly discussed

    本文以馬克思主義基本原理為指導，借鑒城市生態環境學、法理學、立法學、環境法學、城市學、環境教育學等相關學科的理論，運用單因子分析與系統分析相結合、規范分析與實證分析相結合、比較分析與法理演繹分析相結合的研究方法，在對生態城市建設立法保障理論進行綜述的基礎上，首先從法理角度論述了生態城市建設立法的理論基礎，並結合實際，對當前我國生態城市建設的立法保障問題作了深入剖析。然後，在借鑒國外生態城市建設及其立法經驗的基礎上，對構建我國生態城市建設的法律保障體系進行了系統深入地探討，提出以可持續發展思想為理論主導的促進我國生態城市建設法制的立法思路和原則，同時，對我國《生態城市建設促進法》的立法架構與技術進行了初步探討。
  4. With an eye to the systematic of judicial interpretation, the inherent requirement of judicial independence, the nature of criminal adjudication, the accordance of power and responsibili ty, and the semanteme of judicial independence, the author finds out that the principle of " the people ' s courts shall exercise judicial power independently " shall also include the personal independence of individual judges. on this basis, the author reviews the adjudicative power endowed with the adjudicatory committee by law and holds that this provision has its historical significance, yet its application in today brings more malpractice than benefits. its application goes against the justness, the quality and the efficiency of the administration of justice, and goes against the realization of other important functions of the adjudicatory committee, the improvement of the skills and abilities of the judges

    在此基礎上，筆者對我國法律賦予審判委員會實質意義上的裁判權的規定進行了評析，認為，審判委員會行使裁判權，雖然有其存在的歷史原因，但在現在已經是弊大於利，它不利於司法公正，不利於保證案件質量，不利於提高訴訟效率，不利於提高訴訟效益，不利於審判委員會其他職能的正常發揮，不利於提高法官素質，理論界和實務界提出的種種保留審判委員會的裁判權的主張，並不能克服審判委員會行使裁判權的弊端，因此，應當取消審判委員會的裁判權（不是廢除審判委員會） ，法定的裁判者只能是負責個案審判的法官和人民陪審員。
  5. The article discusses the law system and actual practice of outward bill financing on l / c. by means of combining theory and practice, the author makes clear the legal relationship about outward bill on l / c, putting up some designs of systems creatively, with intention of providing some suggestions for our commercial bank business in taking risk precautions, and promoting our country ’ s legislation in the related field

    本文主要就信用證項下出口押匯融資的法律制度與實務作了較為深入地探討，通過理論與實踐的結合，理順了信用證出口押匯的法律關系，創造性地提出了一些制度設計，希望通過對本課題的研究，能對我國商業銀行的這一普遍業務，在風險防範方面提供有效的借鑒意義，並以期促進我國在相關領域的立法。
  6. According to the civil procedure act and relevant laws of china, occasional evidence presentation had been put into judiciary practices for a long time, which brought great difficulties in the implementation of proof burden system and caused poor efficiency and a waste of judiciary resources

    按照我國《民事訴訟法》及相關法律規定，在我國的民事司法實踐中長期以來實行的是「證據隨時提出主義」 ，這使得我國的舉證責任制度無法落到實處，並由此暴露出「證據突襲」 、重復審理等弊端，造成審判效率低下、司法資源嚴重浪費。
  7. This dissertation, based on the research of the asset securitization practice in the u. s. as the original country and the u. k., france, italy and japan as succeeding ones, abstracts the common legal rationale of asset securitization under the market economy conditions and offers a comparison of this with the existing legal environment in china, by adopting the research methods of comparative analysis, empirical analysis and inductive analysis. the author holds that the operation of asset securitization should be regulated and p romoted by drafting a special law and taking related measures

    本文主要採用比較分析、實證分析和歸納分析等研究方法，通過考察美國這一創始國和英國、法國、義大利、日本等繼受國的資產證券化法律實踐，提煉出市場經濟條件下具有一般性的證券化操作法律機理，並將這與我國現存的法制環境進行比對，提出我國應通過專項立法，出臺完善措施，規范並促進資產證券化的操作。
  8. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  9. Positivism of law and the construction of china nomocracy

    法律實證主義方法論與我國法治建設
  10. On legal positivism

    論法律實證主義
  11. Opposed to all forms of naturalism is legal positivism, which is roughly constituted by three theoretical commitments : the social fact thesis, the conventionality thesis, and the separability thesis

    與一切自然主義相對立的是法律實證主義，它大致上由三個理論命題組成:事實命題，因襲命題，分離命題。
  12. Hans kelsen ， ， “ what is justice ” ， ed in what is justice ： justice ， law ， and politics in the mirror of science ， university of california press （ berkeley and los angeles ） ， 1957 ， p1

    凱爾森： 「自然法學說與法律實證主義（的哲學基礎） 」 ，載《法與國家的一般理論》 ，中國大百科全書出版社（北京） ， 1996年版，第449頁。
  13. The berkeley school inquires a normativist legal sociology under the thought of instrumentalism and the orientation of reforming rule by law and solving social problems, and tries to transcend the dual contradiction of natural law and positive law in order to integrate legal, political and social theory again

    摘要伯克利學派是在工具主義思路和改革法制、解決社會問題的指向下探求一種規范主義的法社會學，力圖超越自然法和法律實證主義的二元對立，重新整合法律、政治和社會的理論。
  14. Distinguishing from formal reasoning, dialectical reasoning is a reasoning which can get definite knowledge in the discussion of problems ( topia ) by rebuttal, distinction and induction, when the legal or factual premise is absent, or the premise is controversial. in short, dialectical reasoning is an instrument to seek propositions and conclusions from possibility. in dialectical reasoning, judges often use their own judgments to find a legal or factual precondition

    傳統的形式主義推理觀的機械性和局限性受到越來越多的批判，而現代法律推理學說更加關注非演繹的辯證推理在法律推理過程中的重要作用，哲學詮釋學的興起和實踐理性的復歸，也使辯證推理在各國的法律實踐中普遍運用起來，然而其明顯的價值判斷傾向使推理過程看起來過于主觀。
  15. The answers to these questions have important significance in thelegitimacy and sustainability of posner ’ s economic analysis of law, in theconnotation and extension of the definition of legal pragmatism and in theconsistency and compatibility of posner ’ s whole theory. it is not onlyrelated to posner ’ s economic analysis of law and his legal pragmatism, butalso related to the formation and development of posner ’ s whole theory. moreover, becauseofposner ’ sirreplaceablyimportantstatusinthesefields, it is even related to the whole field of economic analysis of law and legalpragmatism. however, the academe seems to have no recognition of the importanceof these issues, that most scholars ’ research on posner ( including domesticand foreign ) stillbasicallystaysinakindofsingle - anglemode, thatistosay, they either study posner ’ s economic analysis of law solely, or only discusshis legal pragmatism, ignoring the relationship between the two

    本文從波斯納對自己早先提出的經濟分析法學所作的前後兩種截然不同的辯護? ?一個是基礎主義的辯護，一個是實用主義的辯護;一個是建構基礎的辯護，一個是拋棄基礎的辯護? ?出發，通過對「經濟分析法學與功利主義」 、 「經濟分析法學與新蘭德爾主義」 、 「法律實用主義與形式主義」這幾對關鍵概念之內涵及相互關系的界定，並從波氏法律實用主義對其經濟分析法學的影響，以及波氏經濟分析法學對其法律實用主義的影響這兩個方面出發，對波氏法律實用主義與波氏經濟分析法學之間的關系進行了深入的剖析，由此證明了二者之間的聯系和可調和性。
  16. This article, in positivist jurisprudence perspective and adhere to the principle of authenticity and integrity, sustained development, prevention as the principal thing and international cooperation, discusses the necessity of, for local government, complying with convention on protection of world cultural and natural heritage and performing international obligations. this article probes into the resolutions of the legal protection of natural heritage in china citing an example of world natural heritage wulingyuna

    本文從法律實證的角度，堅持真實性和完整性原則、可持續發展原則、預防為主原則和國際合作原則，論述地方政府遵循《保護世界文化和自然遺產公約》和履行國際義務的必要性，以及以武陵源世界自然遺產法律保護個案為例探求我國世界自然遺產的法律保護的對策。
  17. All the legal doctrines belong to two major batches according to their attitude toward legislation and law : one group is represented by legal positivism, the other include natural law, historical jurisprudence and sociological jurisprudence, etc. the former maintains that legislation equals to law and authority is the basis of law, while the latter believe that law is different from legislation

    如果以是否區別制定法與法律作為判別標準，諸種法律學說就可以被劃分成兩個陣營：一方以實證主義法學為代表；另一方則包括自然法學、歷史法學和社會學法學等學說。前一派主張所謂法律就是制定法，立法者的權威是法律成立的根據。后一派則認為制定法之外，另有「法律」存在，制定法要以其為準據。
  18. Through research the theory of john austin, hans kelsen, and hart, the separation thesis is the key to understanding positivism, which object the necessary connection between law and morality. so, only the opinion accepted this thesis would be called positivism

    通過分析奧斯丁、凱爾森以及哈特三人理論的共同點，我認為，堅持法律與道德之間不存在必然關系的分離命題是某一理論得以稱為實證主義的主要條件。
  19. Therefore, this article studies on the descriptive sociology of h. l. a. hart ’ s legal theory through internal aspect of rules

    然而事實上，描述社會學方法與哈特所建構的實證主義法律理論之間存在著緊密的內在關聯。
  20. By probing into the legal positivism and pragmatism dominant in the field of the american judicial science, dworkin has build up a new judicial theory with the concept of interpretive law as a breakthrough and the matter of principle, constructive interpretation of law and integrative law as the major contents

    通過對美國法律界佔主導地位的實證主義和實用主義思潮的解剖和反思，德沃金提出了以「闡釋的法」為理論前提，以原則觀、建設性法闡釋模式和整體性法律原則為主要內容的司法理論。
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