法律效用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎlǜxiàoyòng]
法律效用 英文
legal effectiveness
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 效用 : effectiveness; efficacy; efficiency; utility; usefulness; avail
  1. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  2. The liability of the employer for the torts of his employees became more and more important in the civil life in contemporary society

    各國在私法上對僱用人的侵權責任多以專門的法律規范予以調整，在構成要件和法律效果上與一般侵權行為有所不同。
  3. Draft a contract, bilateral holograph signs, have legal effectiveness. do not pass or suggest to pass intermediary, although have cost, safe nevertheless

    擬訂一份合同，雙方親筆簽字，有法律效力.不過還是建議通過中介，雖然有費用，不過安全
  4. The law applicable for the first issue is usually the lex corporationis or the law of incorporation. the second issue is mainly reflected by the agreement of share transfer and delivery of share certificate between the transferor and the transferee. such agreement and delivery shall be deemed as the activities under the contract law or the property law and shall be subject to different law from the law applicable for the first issue, which is the proper law of the contract or the lex situs of the share certificate

    第一層法律效力主要體現為公司法上的公司與股東之間的關系，而適用這層關系的法律通常是公司屬人法或公司成立地法;第二層法律效力主要體現為股份轉讓人和受讓人之間股份轉讓合意的達成和股份證書的交付，而這一行為應當理解為合同法或財產法意義上的行為適于與前一效力層次不同的法律，即股份轉讓合同自體法或股份證書所在地法。
  5. In this article, the author expounds the main theoretical issues on the principle of change of circumstances and puts forward to the difference between its basic implication and the frustration of contract in common law, the accidental force and the commercial risk. meanwhile, its applicable conditions and the force of law are illustrated in detail here

    本文論述了情事變更原則的主要理論問題，具體提出了情事變更原則的基本含義及其與英美法合同目的落空、不可抗力以及商業風險的區別，系統闡述了情事變更原則的理論基礎，詳細敘述了情事變更原則的適用條件和法律效力。
  6. Under the supervisor ' s instruction, the author, setting out from the angles of e - business status quo in china and the development of international lawmaking of electronic signature, makes a comprehensive research and discusses in depth on legal effect of electronic signature, evidential function of electronic signature, authentication system and the legislation of electronic signature, etc. and draws the following conclusions :. it is necessary to emend the related laws of signing in effect, or to stipulate a new law to establish the legal status and legal effect of electronic signature, to regulate and standardize the usage of electronic signature, so as to promote the e - business in china

    作者從我國電子商務的發展現狀及電子簽名國際立法動態的角度出發，在閱讀大量相關文獻、資料、專論的基礎上，積極借鑒國際先進立法實踐及經驗，在導師的指導下，對電子簽名的法律效力、證據力、認證制度及電子簽名立法等法律問題進行了廣泛且有一定深度的探討，並得出如下結論：一、有必要對我國現行的相關簽名法律進行修訂，或另行制定新法，確立電子簽名的法律地位和效力，調整和規范電子簽名的使用，以促進我國電子商務的發展。
  7. Starting from the regulations on marine insurance in china ' s laws and international laws, the treatise studies the legal regulations on the right of subrogation of marine insurance both domestically and abroad ; furthermore, the treatise explains the relationships between the right of subrogation and the " letter of subrogation in terms of civil laws, as well as insurable interest, litigants, objects of litigation, and extinctive prescription ; at last, the treatise discusses the application of law concerning the right of subrogation of marine insurance after china ' s entry into wto

    論文從中國法與國際法關于海上保險求償權的規定的比較入手，研討國內關于海上保險代位求償權的法律規定，進而從民法的角度說明代位求償權與「權益轉讓書」的關系，以及訴訟中的保險利益、訴訟當事人、訴訟標的、訴訟時效問題，最後淺談我國加入wto后海上保險代位求償權的法律適用。
  8. In addition, it can be used to generate a digital signature which enjoys the same legal status as a handwritten signature under the electronic transactions ordinance ( cap

    此外，電子證書亦可用作數碼簽署。根據電子交易條例（第553章） ，數碼簽署與親筆簽署具同等法律效用。
  9. ? answers : the estate of following scenario is registered, party can apply for alone ; ? ( of droit of 1 ) land access or building, attachment initiative register ; ? ( because 2 ) accedes or the move that bequeath acquires estate is registered ; ? ( the court decision that 3 ) has produced legal effectiveness because of courtyard of person civil code, ruling and the concerning that mediate and acquire estate right are registered ; ( 4 ) change is registered ; ? ( 5 ) is used because of land year period of at the expiration of one ' s term of office cancel register ; ? ( 6 ) destroys because of estate right certificate break, damaged and afresh explain get, change get estate right certificate to wait other register

    ?答：下列情形的房地產登記，當事人可單獨申請； ? （ 1 ）土地使用權或建築物、附著物所有權的初始登記； ? （ 2 ）因繼續或遺贈取得房地產的轉移登記； ? （ 3 ）因人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決、裁定和調解而取得房地產權利的有關登記； （ 4 ）變更登記； ? （ 5 ）因土地使用年期屆滿的注銷登記； ? （ 6 ）因房地產權利證書滅失、破損而重新申領、換領房地產權利證書等其他登記。
  10. The estate of following scenario is registered, party can apply for alone : ( of droit of 1 ) land access or building, attachment initiative register ; ( because 2 ) accedes or the move that bequeath acquires estate is registered ; ( the court decision that 3 ) has produced legal effectiveness because of courtyard of person civil code, ruling and the concerning that mediate and acquire estate right are registered ; ( 4 ) change is registered ; ( 5 ) is used because of land year period of at the expiration of one ' s term of office cancel register ; ( 6 ) destroys because of estate right certificate break, damaged and afresh explain get, change get estate certificate to wait other register

    下列情形的房地產登記，當事人可以單獨申請： （ 1 ）土地使用權或建築物、附著物所有權的初始登記； （ 2 ）因繼續或遺贈取得房地產的轉移登記； （ 3 ）因人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決、裁定和調解而取得房地產權利的有關登記； （ 4 ）變更登記； （ 5 ）因土地使用年期屆滿的注銷登記； （ 6 ）因房地產權利證書滅失、破損而重新申領、換領房地產證書等其他登記。
  11. This paper expounds the written form of b / l, the conditions for the arbitration clause of the charter party to be incorporated into the bills of lading under charter party, the binding force of the b / l arbitration clause thus incorporated for the third party b / l holders. it also probes into ways to determine the legal effects of the b / l arbitration clauses under certain special circumstances. based on the discussions, some legislative suggestions are put forward in the hope that they will be of some help for the maritime judicature and arbitral practice in china

    本文比較詳細地論述了班輪提單中的仲裁條款以及併入租船合同下簽發的提單中的仲裁條款的書面形式、提單併入條款的有效條件、對第三人的約束力，以及在倒簽、預借提單、偽造提單和無正本提單放貨等幾種特殊情況下提單仲裁條款的效力問題，對提單仲裁條款的法律適用問題進行了有益的探討，並在此基礎上提出了修改我國《仲裁法》的幾點立法建議，以期對我國海事司法及仲裁實踐起到一定的借鑒參考作用。
  12. Secondly, the author makes a brief introduction of the divergences for the understanding of the concept of the juristic act of real right, probes into the inner construction of the concept of the juristic act of real right, puts forward that we should combine the declaration of will and the forms and consider the legal effect to define the concept of the juristic act of real right and delineates the reasonability of this definition on the above basis, the author examines the relations between the concept of the juristic act of real right and the choice of different legislative models of patterns of real - right changing process and favors the german legislative pattern as the example to follow in our legislation

    其次簡介了學界對物權行為概念的分歧，並深入剖析了物權行為概念的構成，提出了以意思表示與形式相結合，並吸納物權行為外在的法律效果來界定物權行為的概念，繼而闡釋了如此定義物權行為的合理性。並在此基礎上，探討了物權變動立法模式的選擇與物權行為概念的關系，提出了我國宜采德國式的物權變動立法模式的主張。最後歸納介紹了物權行為理論在現代法上的基本內容，即主要包括分離原則、抽象原則和形式主義原則，並探討了物權行為理論的適用范圍，提出了無因性原則的適用條件。
  13. The fifth part : the relationships between the system of " acquisition in good faith " and other correlative systems, such as " no right transfer ", the theory of the change of " jus in re ", possess altering, ownership holding, etc. through this work, the author intents to make the system of " acquisition in good faith " be applied correctly in justice

    第五部分，善意取得制度與相關制度的關系。該部分分別介紹了無權處分、物權變動理論、佔有改定、所有權保留與善意取得的關系，其目的主要在於通過釐清相關制度之間的關系，使得善意取得制度在司法上能得到正確的適用。第六部分，善意取得制度的法律效力。
  14. According to these analysis, we can give the taxation basic law a clear position during the system of taxation law : taxation basic law is the total laws to regulate the relations of taxation, legislated by the highest organ of state power, which is the constitutional laws during the taxation system, and whose position and strength is the highest, to control, restrain, refer and coordinate other taxation laws

    這樣我們可以對稅收基本法在法學及稅法學理論中，在稅法體系中有一個明確的定位：稅收基本法是由國家最高權力機關制定的，關于稅收基本問題的立法，是稅法體系中的「小憲法」或母法，在稅法領域有著最高的法律地位和法律效力，對各單行稅收法律法規起統領、約束、指導、協調的作用。
  15. Any clause or sub - clause ( of these rules ) shall be null and void [ in respect of any particular agreement ( if the application ( of that clause or sub - clause would bring any party to this agreement （ with in the scope of any legislation relating to investment or to property rights in the country in which that agreement was entered into

    若特殊協議與某國投資或財產權方面的法律條文相關，而且條約或子條約的適用人希望在該國里各方以該協議為依據，則該規則的條約或子條約即失去法律效力。
  16. Chapter two, sometimes is the common topic to civil law scholars, but the studying products fall short of depth and width, so this chapter is governed by the historic overview and comparative method, under the base of examining the development and vicissitude of roman trust notion, probing into why the civil law did n ' t develop and shape the institution of trusts like anglo - saxon jurisdictions, meantime collecting and analyzing the various experiences and lessons from a number of civil law countries, not only including mixed - system jurisdictions ( scotland, quebec ) influenced by common law tradition far - reachingly, but also including the various effects of the trust law codified by pure civil law countries ( liechtenstein, japan, latin american countries ), and the developments of domestic trust in holland and italy under the rectification of the trust hague convention, ad hoc, including the experiences and lessons of non - recognition trust countries ( germany, france, switzerland ) that they had been penetrating into the notions in civil codes, all is intended to " portrayed " the competitive panorama between civil

    第二章「信託觀念與民法傳統的沖突和融合」 ：這一主題一直是民法學者探討的核心問題，本部分採取了歷史考察的方法和比較分析的方法，在考察羅馬法中的信託觀念的發展和變遷的基礎上，探討了為什麼民法傳統沒有發展出如普通法系一樣的信託的若干原因，同時一廣泛地涉獵了民法法系各國繼受和發展信託觀念的不同的經驗和教訓，不僅包括深受普通法系影響的混合法系（蘇格蘭和魁北克）在民法傳統的物權法匡架中發展信託的獨特經驗，而且考察了純粹民法傳統的國家（列支敦斯登、日本和拉丁美洲國家以法典繼受信託的不同的效果，以及在1984年《關于信託的法律適用和承認的公約卜v發展國內信託例證?一荷蘭和義大利，更包括了對于沒有接受普通法系信託而在民法典中挖掘信託觀念的德國、法國和瑞十的經驗和問題，並意圖勾畫民法傳統中的信託與普通法系的信託相競爭的全景，介刑」析眾多經驗和教訓i的基礎上為我國《信託法》的發展提供借鑒。
  17. The discussion about the legal and social effect that the crime of holding a huge amount of property with unidentified sources practiced is hot in recent years

    摘要我國《刑法》第395條第1款規定了巨額財產來源不明罪，關於此罪適用的法律效果和社會效果，近年來有頗多爭議。
  18. The trend of the legislation in many countries, the parties prosecute civil action must follow the principle of good faith and bear the obligation to find true fact

    而當事人實施訴訟行為應遵守誠實信用原則及負有真實義務，違反者應承擔一定法律效果，已為近年來各國立法之所趨。
  19. Iwe completely understand the legal effect of and also agree to be bound by the terms and conditions set at this form and applicable to the loan if this application is successful. iwe agree and undertake to provide such further information as the bank of east asia may request in connection with this application

    本人（等）清楚明白于本冊子內之條款及條件之法律效用並同意于本申請獲批核后予以遵守及受該等條款及條件所約束。本人（等）並同意及承擔提供進一步資料若東亞銀行要求此等資料用作與此申請有關之用途。
  20. The second reason is that people in shipping know little about nype 93 form, so they do n ' t want to adopt a form they are not familiar with. trough contrast of nype 93 and nype 46 form, this paper will make dear the following three questions : the differences between nype 93 form and nype 46 form ; the reason of such amendments ; the result of such amendments

    本篇論文擬通過對nype46和nype93格式的比較研究，明確nype93對nype46格式進行了哪些修改，修改的原因，修改後的法律效果，從而增加人們對nype93格式的了解和認識，以期推廣nype93這種比較公平的租約格式在航運實務中的使用。
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