邊際消費者 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biānjìxiāobìzhě]
邊際消費者 英文
marginal consumer
  • 邊 : 邊Ⅰ名詞1 （幾何圖形上夾成角的直線或圍成多邊形的線段） side; section 2 （邊緣） edge; margin; oute...
  • 際 : Ⅰ名詞1 （靠邊的或分界的地方） border; boundary; edge 2 （里邊; 中間） inside 3 （彼此之間） betwe...
  • 消 : 動詞1 （消失） disappear; vanish 2 （使消失; 消除） eliminate; dispel; remove 3 （度過; 消遣） pa...
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 者 : Ⅰ助詞1 （用在形容詞或動詞後面 或帶有形容詞或動詞的詞組後面 表示有此屬性或做此動作的人或事物） 2 ...
  • 邊際 : （邊界; 邊緣） limit; bound; boundary
  • 消費者 : [生態學] consumer消費者市場 consumer market
  • 消費 : consume; consumption消費城市 consumer city; 消費貸款 consumer loans; consumption credit; 消費方式...
  1. In the positive analysis, the paper, firstly using the 1978 and 2001 data in ( time order ) and analyzing the total consumption and its structural characters of rural residents in liaoning province, including the basic tendency and structural change of rural their consumption, came to the conclusion that since the reform and opening up, the total consumption level of rural residents has been promoted and their consumption structure has been improved in liaoning ; secondly, using 2001 sectional data, econometrically analyzed the peasants " consumption structure by employing the by which in the analysis the author makes the assumptions as follows : all the consumers have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods

    本論文首先利用1978 ? ? 2001年的時序資料分析了遼寧省農民消費的總量狀況和結構特徵，包括農民消費的基本走勢及農民消費結構的變遷。得出：改革開放以來，遼寧省農民總體消費水平有了一定程度的提高，農民消費結構不斷改善；其次選擇2001年截面資料對遼寧省農民消費結構進行了計量分析，在這部分分析中，選用的模型是擴展的線性支出系統模型（簡稱eles模型） ，但採用擴展的線性支出系統模型進行分析和預測消費傾向中，暗含著如下假定： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，所有消費者都是相同的。 」
  2. Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

    故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。
  3. Hence fluctuation of production value was recognized as the key of the evolve of industrial structure. in very long time, and the industry will be placed in the period in consumer sovereignty market, in this period, production value is decided by some market factors, such as consumer favoritism coefficient of the product, and the share of the sum essential expenditure in the citizen ' s total income

    從長遠的角度來看，大多數部門終將處于消費者主權的時期，所以產值主要由消費者偏好、該產業的必須消費額占收入比重等市場需求因素決定。在短期和一般長期內，消費者偏好，和該產業必須消費額占收入比重可以認為是恆量，則此時，產值的變動主要取決于要素的邊際生產力的變化。
  4. In china, during the planned economy era, the government held the planned price regulation model, the price of municipal public utilities production was on or under the brim of marginal cost to reflect the strategy of commonweal, the government undertaked the deficit of municipal public utilities enterprise

    建國以來，在計劃經濟思想的指導下，國家一直對城市公用事業採取指令性價格的規制管理模式。出於公益性的考慮，城市公用事業產品的價格一直以低於平均成本甚至低於邊際成本的價格提供給消費者，企業經營所造成的虧損全部由國家負擔。
  5. Our company has internationally advanced food production equipment, have more than 50 varieties products, such as candy, lollipop, solid beverage, chocolate, bake food and so on. the products sell well both at home and abroad, well received by consumers

    公司擁有國際先進的食品生產設備，可生產糖果、棒棒糖、跳跳糖、固體飲料、巧克力、焙烤食品等共50多個品種，產品暢銷國內28個省、市、自治區及周邊國家，深受消費者的喜愛。
  6. 2. our subsidy definition comprises all measures by government to achieve the adjustment of the difference between market price and marginal privacy cost or social cost by giving financial support directly or indirectly to producers or consumers

    （二）農業補貼是政府為了達到一定目標，通過調整價格與邊際私人成本之差，或邊際私人成本與邊際社會成本之差，而直接或間接地給與農業生產者或農產品消費者以財政支持的各種干預措施的集合。
  7. There is a concept to cry in economics " limit effect ", be when showing consumer increases an unit consumable in successive, brought unit effectiveness decreases successively gradually

    經濟學中有個概念叫「邊際效應」 ，是指消費者在逐次增加1個單位消費品的時候，帶來的單位效用是逐漸遞減的。
  8. Usually the utility function will show diminishing marginal utility : as more and more of a good is consumed, the consumer obtains smaller and smaller increments to utility

    效用函數通常會表明邊際效用遞減：正如，一種商品賣得越來越多，消費者就會獲得月來越少的效用的增加。
  9. The great tour purchasing power is the drive power of promoting the region ' s tourism developmentln the regional space, scale economic and regional separation are one of the basic characteristics of promoting tourism industry, so we must arrange the regional tourism industry with a systematic method and give prominence to the central city. for its outstanding area in the regional space, central city has evident superiority in the regional ecnomic development, and has echelon between central city and its periphery scennic spots, which is the inducement mechanism of tourism industry ' s arranging, developing and advancing step by step. for the law of diminishing marginal utility and the theory of equilibrium, the max utility equilibrium of tourism consumption be at the point of tangency of undiscrepancy curve and the cost budget curve

    中心城市居民巨大的出遊力是拉動其周邊旅遊地發展重要的內在驅動力；由於地緣關系，區域規模經濟與地域分割並存，是旅遊產業運動的一個基本特徵，為此必須對區域旅遊經濟進行系統化布局，突出中心城市的產業中心性；因其區位條件獨特，中心城市在區域經濟發展中居於明顯的優勢，與周邊城鄉部位存在經濟發展上的梯次性，這種梯次性是區域旅遊生產力布局、產業發展梯次傳動，最終整體聯動的經濟誘導機制；根據邊際效用遞減規律和旅遊者最大效用均衡理論，旅遊消費效用最大化的均衡在無差異曲線與開支預算線的切點（即旅遊目的地選擇的最佳位置）上，且隨著邊際效用遞減，目的地選擇的最佳位置向遠離中心城市方向移動，這就是中心城市與周邊旅遊地互動關系的經濟學解釋。
  10. By the amended ‘ alternative hypothesis ’ model, the article proves that excess sensitively coefficient equates to the income of the short - looking consumer accounts for the gross income. at the same time, it proves that the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of the china is near zero

    並且通過兩個修正後的「二分」儲蓄模型證明了:在短視型居民的邊際消費傾向為1的假設下，過度敏感性系數等同於短視型消費者收入占總收入的比重。
  11. When a consumer maximizes satisfaction by consuming some of each of two goods, the marginal rate of substitution is equal to the ratio of the prices of the two goods being purchased

    當消費者通過購買兩種商品中的一種而獲得最大的滿意度時，邊際替代率等於購買兩種商品的價格比率。
  12. This leads us to focus on demandside drivers : marginal utility from performance improvements, consumer taste for quality, and the extent of consumer heterogeneity

    使得我們能著重於需方驅動力之上：即效能提高之邊際利潤分析工具，消費者對質量之要求，以及消費者分化程度等。
  13. A good is nonrival if for any given level of production, the marginal cost of providing it to an additional consumer is zero

    如果一種商品在生產的任意給定水平，向額外消費者提供商品的邊際成本為零，那麼不存在競爭。
  14. The reason that ec can improve the competitive ability of firms lies in the fact that, the cost of firms can relatively contracted, and the firms have the competitive advantages of enlarging without boundary. the relatively contracting of firms cost means, the effect of diminishing of managerial costs can simultaneously occurred in the fields of production costs, marginal costs, and transaction costs, with the results that the barriers of competition was founded because of the higher transaction costs of provision regarding to the businessmen of productions and services, which are caused by the reduction of production costs rendered by higher productivity, and of managerial costs rendered by the effect of substitution of soft manufactory technology. the relative enlarging of the optimal bound of firms means, that the firms can share managerial costs through the effect of scale of management by the employment of ec, that the scale of firms is enlarged while the managerial costs are cut as a result of the distributing of managerial costs to every liners and proceeds of the firms, which means that the same managerial costs can be used by larger - scaled firms

    電子商務之所以能提高企業競爭力，是因為企業成本相對收縮和企業的無邊界擴張競爭優勢，所謂企業成本相對收縮即邊際成本遞減，這種邊際成本遞減效應可以同時出現在生產成本、管理成本和交易成本三個領域中，電子商務通過提高勞動生產率來降低生產成本，柔性製造技術的替代效應降低了庫存管理成本，與此同時，電子商務減少企業與消費者之間的環節，縮短路徑距離而降低企業內外的交易成本，提高了企業產品和服務分銷商改變供貨方式的交易成本，使之形成企業競爭的壁壘；所謂企業最優邊界的相對擴張，是指由於規模管理效應即電子商務運用信息技術使企業以低信息成本共享管理成本，使企業總體管理成本分攤到各個管理環節和流程中，企業規模擴大而邊際管理成本逐漸下降，相同的管理成本可用於管理更大規模的企業，即隨著電子商務在企業中的應用，企業的最優邊界相對擴張了。
  15. The marginal price changes with the change of parameters that influence consumers ' decision, and the fixed fee changes correspondently

    當邊際價格隨著影響消費者決策的參數變化時，固定費用也相應的發生變化。
  16. The group, however, experiences a decline in profit margin brought about by the increasingly fierce competition in the 3c products ( computer peripherals, communication and consumer electronics ) market and a strong pricing pressures due to weak demand in consumer communication and it products

    但由於3c產品（電腦周邊設備、通訊及消費者電子產品）市場競爭加劇，市場對電訊消費品和新科技產品需求持續減弱，導致行業面對強大價格下調壓力，集團的邊際利潤亦因而被削減。
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